Features of cognitive development in children of early and preschool age using gadgets

The article describes the impact of technological devices – gadgets – on the early cognitive and speech development in children. In early childhood, object-activity communication is the leading form of activity; its influence on the speech development is determined by the interaction of the child with the adult (object-oriented actions, the understanding of the purpose of objects, the use of verbal communication). The play activity of preschoolers helps to enhance communication and interaction with peers. Long and uncontrolled interaction with gadgets is connected with insufficient attention of parents and caregivers, which disrupts the process of communication and cognition, in particular, slows down the process of speech development. Foreign pediatric associations recommend eliminating the use of mobile devices in children aged 0–2 years and limiting their use to one hour per day for children aged 3–5 years. Most researchers identify a connection between the long-term use of gadgets by preschoolers, delayed development of endogenus attention, social interaction, distortion of cognitive development, delayed speech development and such positive effects as a high level of exogenus attention development, quick response to external stimuli.

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407 - The Baycrest Quick-Response Caregiver Tool: The Role for a New Tool for Caregivers of Persons with Dementia

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610220002604 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (S1) ◽

pp. 123-123

Author(s):

Ken Schwartz ◽

Robert Madan ◽

Anna Berall ◽

Marsha Natadira ◽

Anna Santiago

Keyword(s):

Family Caregivers ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Well Being ◽

Moderate Degree ◽

Quick Response ◽

Care Providers ◽

High Level ◽

Person With Dementia ◽

The Impact

Background:Responsive behaviours in dementia are associated with poor outcomes for the person with dementia (PWD) and caregiver burnout. Family caregivers need a variety of tools to manage responsive behaviours. The Baycrest Quick-Response Caregiver Tool was developed to provide caregivers with a tool that can be used in real time. In this study, the feasibility, impact, and effectiveness of this new tool were studied in family caregivers and health care providers (HCP) using quantitative and qualitative measures.Methods:Family caregivers were recruited and were asked to complete a pre-survey before being sent the link to the educational tool. One month after the telephone survey, caregivers were sent an online post-survey to gather their feedback on the tool and the impact of the tool on caregiver well -being. Healthcare providers were also recruited and reviewed the tool through an online feedback survey. The feasibility, impact, and effectiveness of the tool were assessed using quantitative and qualitative measures.Results:Caregivers had a moderate degree of and reported a high level of competence - these scores were maintained throughout the study. Caregivers reported that tool positively impacted their compassion towards the person with dementia (PWD), and that their interactions with improved. 100% of HCP who completed the feedback survey would recommend the tool to other HCP and to caregivers of PWD. The caregivers and HCP provided specific suggestions for improvement.Conclusions:The Baycrest Quick-Response Caregiver Tool was found to be feasible and helpful. It provides caregivers and HCP with an additional approach for responsive behaviours.

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Paleolithic Diet—Effect on the Health Status and Performance of Athletes?

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13031019 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 1019

Author(s):

Barbara Frączek ◽

Aleksandra Pięta ◽

Adrian Burda ◽

Paulina Mazur-Kurach ◽

Florentyna Tyrała

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Mass ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Paleolithic Diet ◽

Short Term ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

The Impact

The aim of this meta-analysis was to review the impact of a Paleolithic diet (PD) on selected health indicators (body composition, lipid profile, blood pressure, and carbohydrate metabolism) in the short and long term of nutrition intervention in healthy and unhealthy adults. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of 21 full-text original human studies was conducted. Both the PD and a variety of healthy diets (control diets (CDs)) caused reduction in anthropometric parameters, both in the short and long term. For many indicators, such as weight (body mass (BM)), body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC), impact was stronger and especially found in the short term. All diets caused a decrease in total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), albeit the impact of PD was stronger. Among long-term studies, only PD cased a decline in TC and LDL-C. Impact on blood pressure was observed mainly in the short term. PD caused a decrease in fasting plasma (fP) glucose, fP insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the short run, contrary to CD. In the long term, only PD caused a decrease in fP glucose and fP insulin. Lower positive impact of PD on performance was observed in the group without exercise. Positive effects of the PD on health and the lack of experiments among professional athletes require longer-term interventions to determine the effect of the Paleo diet on athletic performance.

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The Impact of an Outdoor and Adventure Sports Course on the Wellbeing of Recovering UK Military Personnel: An Exploratory Study

Sports ◽

10.3390/sports7050112 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 112 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mariana Kaiseler ◽

Chris Kay ◽

Jim McKenna

Keyword(s):

Military Personnel ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

Psychological Wellbeing ◽

Research Attention ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Long Term Impact ◽

The Impact ◽

Adventure Sports

UK military personnel have faced increased demands over the last three decades; these have affected their wellbeing and caused multiple physical and mental health problems. Currently, bespoke rehabilitation systems may recommend participation in sports programmes. Although research attention has been drawn to the short-term positive effects of these programmes, their long-term impact on psychological wellbeing is unknown. To address this gap, the current study explored the long-term impact of a sports programme on UK military personnel’s ability to make changes in their day-to-day life through the lens of psychological wellbeing. For this purpose, UK military personnel (n = 97) completed an online survey aiming to provide a quantitative and qualitative picture of their experiences of an outdoor and adventure sports programme, underpinned by the basic psychological needs theory, six months following completion. Findings suggest that 75% of respondents found that the course was useful for facilitating adaptive changes. Content analysis suggests that elements of the course seem to satisfy their basic psychological needs of competence, relatedness and autonomy. Activities initiated six months after the course are mostly aligned with improved psychological wellbeing. Useful theoretical and applied implications are discussed.

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The impact of knowledge and motivation management on creativity

Employee Relations ◽

10.1108/er-05-2016-0096 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 732-752 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Lucía Muñoz-Pascual ◽

Jesús Galende

Keyword(s):

Employee Behavior ◽

Employee Creativity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Content Type ◽

Joint Influence ◽

Long Term Impact ◽

High Level ◽

The Impact ◽

Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence that two variables related to human resources (HR) have on employee creativity – namely, knowledge management (KM) and motivation management (MM). Design/methodology/approach The linear regression analyses are based on a sample of 306 employees from 11 Spanish companies belonging to three innovative clusters. In addition, “creativity” is considered an antecedent of technological innovation. Findings KM and intrinsic MM are shown to inform creativity, whereas extrinsic MM has no such effect. Practical implications Although this study is based on cross-sectional data, the findings might induce researchers to investigate the effects of other HR variables, such as the types of relations between employees and their long-term impact on creativity. Management should encourage KM and intrinsic MM across employees, as the results indicate that tacit KM, explicit KM and intrinsic MM encourage a positive attitude toward creativity among employees. Originality/value The main contribution is new empirical evidence on the joint influence of aptitudes (KM) and attitudes (MM) on employee creativity. In addition, the study includes a key measure of employee creativity. The evidence reveals the types of KM and MM that encourage or inhibit creative employee behavior. The results show that once employees have reached a medium-high level of extrinsic MM, creativity will be affected solely by intrinsic MM.

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Regional analysis of groundwater nitrate concentrations and trends in Denmark in regard to agricultural influence

Biogeosciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/bgd-9-5321-2012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 5321-5346 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

B. Hansen ◽

T. Dalgaard ◽

L. Thorling ◽

B. Sørensen ◽

M. Erlandsen

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Regional Analysis ◽

Upward Trend ◽

Trend Analyses ◽

Positive Effects ◽

The Past ◽

Nitrate Concentrations ◽

High Concentrations ◽

High Level

Abstract. The act of balancing between an intensive agriculture with a high potential for nitrate pollution and a~drinking water supply almost entirely based on groundwater is a challenge faced by Denmark and similar regions around the globe. Since the 1980s, regulations implemented by Danish farmers have succeeded in optimizing the N (nitrogen) management at farm level. As a result, the upward agricultural N surplus trend has been reversed, and the N surplus has reduced by 30–55 % from 1980 to 2007 depending on region. The reduction in the N surplus served to reduce the losses of N from agriculture, with documented positive effects on nature and the environment in Denmark. In groundwater, the upward trend in nitrate concentration was reversed around 1980, and a larger number of downward nitrate trends were seen in the youngest groundwater compared with the oldest groundwater. However, on average, approximately 48 % of the oxic monitored groundwater has nitrate concentrations above the groundwater and drinking water standards of 50 mg l−1. Furthermore, trend analyses show that 33 % of all the monitored groundwater has upward nitrate trends, while only 18 % of the youngest groundwater has upward nitrate trends according to data sampled from 1988–2009. A regional analysis shows a correlation between a high level of N surplus in agriculture, high concentrations of nitrate in groundwater and the largest number of downward nitrate trends in groundwater in the livestock-dense northern and western parts of Denmark compared with the south-eastern regions with lower livestock densities. These results indicate that the livestock farms dominating in northern and western parts of Denmark have achieved the largest reductions in N surpluses. Groundwater recharge age determinations allow comparison of long-term changes in N surplus in agriculture with changes in oxic groundwater quality. The presented data analysis is based on groundwater recharged from 1952–2003, but sampled from 1988–2009. Repetition of the nitrate trend analyses at five-year intervals using dating of the groundwater recharged in the coming years and a longer time series of the nitrate analyses can reveal the evolution in nitrate leaching from Danish agriculture during the past 10 yr. Similar analyses can be carried out to compare with other regions internationally.

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Cognitive functioning in children with Prader–Willi syndrome during 8 years of growth hormone treatment

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-19-0479 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 182 (4) ◽

pp. 405-411

Author(s):

S H Donze ◽

L Damen ◽

E F Mahabier ◽

A C S Hokken-Koelega

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Cognitive Development ◽

Cognitive Functioning ◽

Block Design ◽

Hormone Treatment ◽

Prader Willi Syndrome ◽

Short Term ◽

Intelligence Scale ◽

Positive Effects

Objective Children with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) have mild to moderate cognitive impairment. Short-term studies showed positive effects of growth hormone (GH) on cognitive development. This study investigated the effects of 8 years of GH on cognitive development in children with PWS. We also investigated whether starting GH during infancy results in higher cognitive functioning after 8 years of GH. Design Longitudinal study in 43 children with PWS during 8 years of GH (median age at GH start 8.1 years). Cognitive functioning after 8 years was compared to another group of 22 children with PWS (median age at GH start 1.4 years). Methods Cognitive functioning was measured by Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. Vocabulary, Similarities and Block Design subtests were expressed as standard deviation scores (SDS) and total IQ (TIQ) calculated. Results Estimated mean (95%CI) Block Design SDS changed from −2.2 (−2.6; −1.8) at GH start to −1.8 (−2.2; −1.4) after 8 years of GH (P = 0.18), similarly SDS from −1.5 (−2.1; −0.9) to −1.3 (−1.9; −0.7, P = 0.66) and TIQ from 66 (60; 72) to 69 (63; 75, P = 0.57). Vocabulary SDS remained similar, being −1.9 (−2.3; −1.4) at GH start and −1.9 (−2.4; −1.5) after 8 years (P = 0.85). After 8 years of GH Vocabulary, SDS and TIQ were higher in the children who started GH during infancy, compared to those who started GH later in childhood (P < 0.01, P = 0.04, respectively). Conclusions Cognitive functioning in children with PWS remains similar during long-term GH and develops at the same pace as healthy peers.

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Impact of quality on improvement of business performance and customer satisfaction

Journal of Engineering Management and Competitiveness ◽

10.5937/jemc2101020c ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 20-28

Author(s):

Milena Cvjetković ◽

Marko Vasiljević ◽

Milovan Cvjetković ◽

Milica Josimović

Keyword(s):

Customer Satisfaction ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Business Performance ◽

Consumer Confidence ◽

Efficient Manner ◽

Mutual Relations ◽

High Level ◽

The Impact

In an immense market struggle, the only effective way to build a long-term competitive advantage is to provide a high level of quality. Offering quality to the market, the organization creates loyal consumers on the basis of which it achieves its profitability, growth and development. The research presented in this paper is aimed at determination of the impact of quality on improving business performance and customer satisfaction. Correlation analysis confirmed this influence on the basis of obtained statistically significant mutual relations between the analyzed variables. Quality was shown to have an impact on improving the business performance of the organization, primarily on profitability through the improvement of leadership and relationship management. The impact of quality on customer satisfaction was also confirmed, where the engagement of people and the management of mutual relations had the greatest impact on consumer confidence. The research confirmed that the training of employees in terms of quality had a statistically significant impact on improving customer satisfaction, if it is conducted in an efficient manner.

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Comparative Study on Using Various Recovery Stimulation Methods to Boost Nitrification Recovery in SBRs Inhibited by Hazardous Events

Water ◽

10.3390/w14010048 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 48

Author(s):

Hoang-Duy Nguyen ◽

Chih-Chi Yang ◽

Khanh-Chau Dao ◽

Van-Phat Le ◽

Yung-Pin Tsai

Keyword(s):

Recovery Period ◽

Aeration Rate ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Aeration Time ◽

Recovery Strategies ◽

Feed Strategy ◽

Salinity Shock ◽

The Impact ◽

Feed Volume

A system consisting of six SBR units was operated in parallel for three phases to investigate the impacts of salinity shock and anaerobic and aerobic starvation on the activated sludge process stability and effects of various recovery stimulation methods on the subsequent recovery period. Different recovery strategies were applied in each SBR unit, including natural recovery, adding bio-accelerators, a stepwise increase feed strategy, a stepwise strategy coupled with bio-accelerators dosing, extended aeration time, and extended aeration time coupled with bio-accelerators dosing. It was concluded that the combination of stepwise strategy and dosing bio-accelerators showed the most efficiency in boosting system recovery after being subjected to NaCl shock and starvation. The boosting effect of the stepwise strategy alone was slightly better in recovery after NaCl shock. Furthermore, extending the aeration rate could bring more positive effects when resuscitating the system after long-term anaerobic starvation. For the unit that only received dosing of bio-accelerators during the recovery period, it could be concluded that there was a specific time requirement for the bio-accelerators to take effect significantly, as the impact of bio-accelerators on the beginning days of recovery periods was very slight. In contrast, adjusting operational regimes such as stepwise increased feed volume or extending aeration time could significantly boost the SBRs from the first recovery days. Hence, highly effective recovery efficiency could be achieved by coupling dosing bio-accelerators with other operational adjustment methods, especially stepwise strategies.

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Effects of Self-Talk Training on Competitive Anxiety, Self-Efficacy, Volitional Skills, and Performance: An Intervention Study with Junior Sub-Elite Athletes

Sports ◽

10.3390/sports7060148 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 148 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Nadja Walter ◽

Lucie Nikoleizig ◽

Dorothee Alfermann

Keyword(s):

Self Efficacy ◽

Elite Athletes ◽

Control Group ◽

Short Term ◽

Competitive Anxiety ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Self Talk ◽

And Performance ◽

The Impact

(1) Background: Self-talk (ST) is used to influence athletes’ thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Samples of squad and competitive athletes are underrepresented, although research has proven the positive effects of ST in the context of sports. Thus, the present study focused on the impact of ST on psychological and performance outcomes of junior sub-elite athletes. (2) Methods: N = 117 athletes (55 females, 62 males; M = 16.0 years) were randomly assigned to either one of two experimental groups or to a control group (n = 30). The experimental groups received an ST intervention for either one week (n = 36) or eight weeks (n = 38), and the control group received no ST training. The dependent variables (competitive anxiety, volitional skills, self-efficacy, and coaches’ performance ratings) were assessed three times before and after the intervention. It was expected that (a) an ST intervention would reduce the competitive anxiety and increase volitional skills, self-efficacy, and performance; and, (b) long-term training would lead to higher effects than short-term training. (3) Results: As expected, ST training led to (less) somatic state anxiety and (higher) state self-confidence, self-optimization, self-efficacy, and performance. Additionally, long-term training was more effective than short-term training. (4) Conclusions: Targeted ST interventions may help to improve junior athletes’ psychological states and performance.

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FORMATION OF INFORMATION LITERACY OF CHILDREN OF SENIOR PRESCHOOL AGE

10.37539/aug298.2021.83.48.016 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Инга Олеговна Гарипова ◽

Ольга Леонидовна Шестакова

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Development ◽

Information Literacy ◽

Information Technologies ◽

Information Environment ◽

Preschool Age ◽

Educational Institutions ◽

Theoretical Studies ◽

Information Culture ◽

The Impact

В статье рассматривается проблема формирования информационной культуры у детей старшего дошкольного возраста. Представлен анализ теоретических исследований воздействия информационной среды на познавательное развитие дошкольников. Определены основные направления использования информационных технологий в практике дошкольных образовательных учреждений. The article deals with the problem of formation of information culture for children of senior preschool age. The analysis of theoretical studies of the impact of the information environment on the cognitive development of preschoolers is presented. The main directions of use of information technologies in practice of preschool educational institutions are defined.

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