The Bimodality of the 100 hPa South Asia High and its Relationship to the Climate Anomaly over East Asia in Summer.

This study examines the causal relationship between the Internet and economic factors in Asian economies between 1997 and 2017. The economic factors consist of gross domestic product (GDP), foreign direct investment (FDI), imports, and exports. A comparative analysis of East, South, and Western Asia was conducted using a panel vector autoregressive model. The findings show bidirectional causality between FDI and Internet use in South Asia, unidirectional causality from Internet use to FDI in East Asia, and unidirectional causality from FDI to Internet use in Western Asia. Moreover, the findings indicate unidirectional causality from exports to Internet use in East Asia and unidirectional causality from Internet use to exports in South Asia, but no impact in Western Asia. Finally, the results show unidirectional causality from Internet use to GDP in Western Asia. As these results suggest that Internet use has boosted economic performance in Asia, policy makers in the region should improve Internet use with a focus on economic growth, improving transaction efficiency, and facilitating foreign investment.

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India's Developing Relationship with South Korea: A Useful Friend in East Asia

Asian Survey ◽

10.1525/as.2010.50.2.402 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 402-425 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

David Brewster

Keyword(s):

South Korea ◽

East Asia ◽

South Asia ◽

Korean Peninsula ◽

Balance Of Power ◽

Economic Partnership ◽

Security Relationship

The long-standing strategic disconnect between South Asia and the Korean Peninsula is breaking down. Driven by the changing balance of power in Asia, India and South Korea have developed a strong economic partnership, and taken small but significant steps toward a political and security relationship that refects their numerous shared strategic interests. This article explores the contours of this evolving relationship.

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Mapping of affordability levels for photovoltaic-based electricity generation in the solar belt of sub-Saharan Africa, East Asia and South Asia

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-82638-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sándor Szabó ◽

Irene Pinedo Pascua ◽

Daniel Puig ◽

Magda Moner-Girona ◽

Mario Negre ◽

...

Keyword(s):

East Asia ◽

South Asia ◽

Electricity Generation ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Solar Photovoltaic ◽

Term Operation ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

High Level ◽

Do So

AbstractLack of access to modern forms of energy hampers efforts to reduce poverty. The provision of electricity to off-grid communities is therefore a long-standing developmental goal. Yet, many off-grid electrification projects neglect mid- and long-term operation and maintenance costs. When this is the case, electricity services are unlikely to be affordable to the communities that are the project’s primary target. Here we show that, compared with diesel-powered electricity generation systems, solar photovoltaic systems are more affordable to no less than 36% of the unelectrified populations in East Asia, South Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa. We do so by developing geo-referenced estimates of affordability at a high level of resolution (1 km2). The analysis illustrates the differences in affordability that may be found at the subnational level, which underscores that electrification investments should be informed by subnational data.

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A new species of the montane lacewing genus Rapisma McLachlan (Neuroptera, Ithonidae) from northwestern Yunnan, China

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4763.3.9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4763 (3) ◽

pp. 439-443

Author(s):

XINGYUE LIU

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Southeast Asia ◽

East Asia ◽

South Asia ◽

The Family ◽

A New Species ◽

Northwestern Yunnan

The genus Rapisma McLachlan, 1866 (montane lacewings) is a rare and little known group of the family Ithonidae (Insecta: Neuroptera). There have been 21 described species of Rapisma, and all of them are distributed from East Asia, South Asia and Southeast Asia. Here I report a new species of Rapisma from northwestern Yunnan, China, namely Rapisma weixiense sp. nov. The new species belongs to a group of Rapisma species with very short antennae.

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An Enhanced Influence of Tropical Indian Ocean on the South Asia High after the Late 1970s

Journal of Climate ◽

10.1175/jcli-d-11-00696.1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 25 (20) ◽

pp. 6930-6941 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Xia Qu ◽

Gang Huang

Keyword(s):

Indian Ocean ◽

South Asia ◽

Tropical Indian Ocean ◽

Tropospheric Temperature ◽

Decadal Change ◽

The South ◽

South Asia High ◽

The Impact ◽

Change In Mean ◽

Sst Anomalies

Abstract The tropical Indian Ocean (TIO)’s influence on the South Asia high (SAH)’s intensity experiences a decadal change in the late 1970s; after (before) the decadal shift, the influence is significant (insignificant). The present study investigates the role of tropospheric temperature in relaying the impact of sea surface temperature (SST) to the SAH and the change in the TIO’s influence. During the two epochs, the local tropospheric temperature responses to the TIO warming are distinct—more significant during the second epoch. It is inferred that this change may be responsible for the strengthening of the TIO’s influence on the SAH. Encouragingly, the ensemble simulations accurately capture the time of the decadal change, indicating that the enhanced influence is attributed to the SST forcing. There are two possible reasons for the change in the TIO–SAH relationship. The first reason is the change in the locations of the SST anomalies in the TIO. During the second epoch, positive SST anomalies lie in the Indian Ocean warm pool. Through the background vigorous convection and moist adjustment, the SST anomalies affect largely the tropospheric temperature and thus the SAH. The second reason is the decadal change in mean SST and the SST variability. During the recent decades, both the background SST and the variability of the TIO SST increase, which enhance the influence of the SST anomalies on the atmosphere. The influence of the remote oceanic forcing on the enhanced TIO–SAH relationship and its comparison with the contribution of the TIO SST are also discussed.

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PALEOLITHIC PERIOD OF SOUTH ASIA AND EAST ASIA

10.36106/ijar/9813550 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 49-50

Author(s):

Marri Padmaja ◽

B. K. Rangaswamy

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

East Asia ◽

South Asia ◽

Cultural Development ◽

Human Beings ◽

Development Of Language

E.B. Tylor and L.H. Morgan postulated that man kind as a whole has passed through the stages of savagery, barbarism and civilization. Tylor did n'st place specic cultures into different stages of cultural development of human beings, but Morgan subdivided the stage of savagery and barbarism each in to three groups , namely lower, middle and upper. He was of opinion that lower savagery began with development of language and gathering of fruits and nuts assubsistence. This stage ended with development of shing subsistence and use of re. No living example can be citedto this stratum.

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Multi-model study of HTAP II on sulphur and nitrogen deposition

10.5194/acp-2017-1121 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jiani Tan ◽

Joshua S. Fu ◽

Frank Dentener ◽

Jian Sun ◽

Louisa Emmons ◽

...

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

East Asia ◽

South Asia ◽

Wet Deposition ◽

Task Force ◽

East Asian ◽

Control Policy ◽

N Deposition ◽

Eastern United States ◽

S Deposition

Abstract. This study uses multi-model ensemble results of 11 models from the 2nd phase of Task Force Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (HTAP II) to calculate the global sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) deposition in 2010. Modelled wet deposition is evaluated with observation networks in North America, Europe and Asia. The modelled results agree well with observations, with 76–83 % of stations having predicted within ±50 % of observations. The results underestimate SO42−, NO3− and NH4+ wet depositions in some European and East Asian stations, but overestimate NO3− wet deposition in Eastern United States. Inter-comparison with previous projects (PhotoComp, ACCMIP and HTAP I) shows HTPA II has considerably improved the estimation of deposition at European and East Asian stations. Modelled dry deposition is generally higher than the “inferential” data calculated by observed concentration and modelled velocity in North America, but the inferential data has high uncertainty, too. The global S deposition is 84 Tg(S) in 2010, with 49 % of the deposits on continental regions and 51 % on ocean (19 % on coastal). The global N deposition consists of 59 Tg(N) oxidized nitrogen (NOy) deposition and 64 Tg(N) reduced nitrogen (NHx) deposition in 2010. 65 % of N is deposited on the continental regions and 35 % is on ocean (15 % on coastal). The estimated outflow of pollution from land to ocean is about 4 Tg(S) for S deposition and 18 Tg(N) for N deposition. Compared our results to the results in 2001 from HTAP I, we find that the global distributions of S and N depositions have changed considerably during the last 10 years. The global S deposition decreases 2 Tg(S) (3 %) from 2001 to 2010, with significant decreases in Europe (5 Tg(S) and 55 %), North America (3 Tg(S) and 29 %) and Russia (2 Tg(S) and 26 %), and increases in South Asia (2 Tg(S) and 42 %) and the Middle East (1 Tg(S) and 44% ). The global N deposition increases by 7 Tg(N) (6 %), mainly contributed by South Asia (5 Tg(N) and 39 %), East Asia (4 Tg(N) and 21 %) and Southeast Asia (2 Tg(N) and 21 %). The NHx deposition is increased with no control policy on NH3 emission in North America. On the other hand, NOy deposition starts to dominate in East Asia (especially China) due to boosted NOx emission in recent years.

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Transport and Trade Facilitation for South Asia–East Asia Trade

Renaissance of Asia ◽

10.1142/9789814366519_0006 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 121-148

Author(s):

Douglas H. Brooks ◽

Barbara Dizon

Keyword(s):

East Asia ◽

South Asia ◽

Trade Facilitation

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Impacts of atmospheric transport and biomass burning on the inter-annual variation in black carbon aerosols over the Tibetan Plateau

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-20-13591-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (21) ◽

pp. 13591-13610

Author(s):

Han Han ◽

Yue Wu ◽

Jane Liu ◽

Tianliang Zhao ◽

Bingliang Zhuang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

East Asia ◽

South Asia ◽

Biomass Burning ◽

Annual Variation ◽

Atmospheric Transport ◽

Asian Summer Monsoon ◽

Central China ◽

The Tibetan Plateau ◽

Source Regions ◽

Non Local

Abstract. Atmospheric black carbon (BC) in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) can largely impact regional and global climate. Still, studies on the inter-annual variation in atmospheric BC over the TP and associated variation in BC sources and controlling factors are rather limited. In this study, we characterize the variations in atmospheric BC over the TP surface layer through analysis of 20-year (1995–2014) simulations from a global chemical transport model, GEOS-Chem. The results show that surface BC concentrations over the TP vary largely in space and by season, reflecting complicated interplays of BC sources from different origins. Of all areas in the TP, surface BC concentrations are highest over the eastern and southern TP, where surface BC is susceptible to BC transport from East Asia and South Asia, respectively. Applying a backward-trajectory method that combines BC concentrations from GEOS-Chem and trajectories from the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model, we assess the contributions of worldwide source regions to surface BC in the TP. We estimate that on the 20-year average, 77 % of surface BC in the TP comes from South Asia (43 %) and East Asia (35 %). Regarding seasonal variation in non-local influences, South Asia and East Asia are dominant source regions in winter and summer, respectively, in terms of the amount of BC imported. However, in terms of affected areas in the TP, South Asia is the dominant contributor throughout the year. Inter-annually, surface BC over the TP is largely modulated by atmospheric transport of BC from non-local regions year-round and by biomass burning in South Asia, mostly in spring. We find that the extremely strong biomass burning in South Asia in the spring of 1999 greatly enhanced surface BC concentrations in the TP (31 % relative to the climatology). We find that the strength of the Asian monsoon correlates significantly with the inter-annual variation in the amount of BC transported to the TP from non-local regions. In summer, a stronger East Asian summer monsoon and a stronger South Asian summer monsoon tend to, respectively, lead to more BC transport from central China and north-eastern South Asia to the TP. In winter, BC transport from central China is enhanced in years with a strong East Asian winter monsoon or a strong Siberian High. A stronger Siberian High can also bring more BC from northern South Asia to the TP. This study underscores the impacts of atmospheric transport and biomass burning on the inter-annual variation in surface BC over the TP. It reveals a close connection between the Asian monsoon and atmospheric transport of BC from non-local regions to the TP.

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English in Asia, Asian Englishes, and the issue of proficiency

English Today ◽

10.1017/s026607840800014x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 3-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 76

Author(s):

Kingsley Bolton

Keyword(s):

Middle East ◽

Southeast Asia ◽

East Asia ◽

South Asia ◽

Central Asia ◽

English Learning ◽

Outer Circle ◽

Asian Region ◽

The World ◽

Basic Issue

ABSTRACTThe contemporary visibility and importance of English throughout the Asian region coupled with the emergence and development of distinct varieties of Asian Englishes have played an important part in the global story of English in recent years. Across Asia, the numbers of people having at least a functional command of the language have grown exponentially over the last four decades, and current changes in the sociolinguistic realities of the region are often so rapid that it is difficult for academic commentators to keep pace. One basic issue in the telling of this story is the question of what it is we mean by the term ‘Asia’, itself a word of contested etymology, whose geographical reference has ranged in application from the Middle East to Central Asia, and from the Indian sub-continent to Japan and Korea. In this article, my discussion will focus on the countries of South Asia, Southeast Asia, and East Asia, as it is in these regions that we find not only the greatest concentration of ‘outer-circle’ English-using societies but also a number of the most populous English-learning and English-knowing nations in the world.

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