scholarly journals Arab Spring and COVID-19: Ex post facto examination of the Lebanese banking sector (the contemporary stakeholder analysis)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 121-136
Author(s):  
Rania Itani ◽  
Muhammad Azeem ◽  
Nawazish Mirza
Keyword(s):  
Arab Spring ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Stakeholder Analysis ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Moderating Factors ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Financial Consequences ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Arab Spring

The purpose of this study is to examine the potential of Lebanese banks to address the economic challenges posed by COVID-19. These banks faced the disturbances of the 2011 Arab Spring, and these two crises have resulted in similar economic conditions, leading to an assessment of how Lebanese banks are dealing with the pandemic-led challenges. Exploratory analysis revealed the common features in the two events, and confirmatory analysis examined the hypotheses underlying a theoretical framework. Triangulation of qualitative and quantitative data helped to scrutinize the two events. Content analysis of data collected from semi-structured interviews with seven senior banking professionals confirms that the Lebanese banking sector’s experience gained during the Arab Spring is a valuable asset for bankers, the Banque du Liban (BDL), and the government, which can be used to anticipate and deal with the COVID-driven economic crisis. The study finds three key moderating factors: trust deficit, inherited characteristics of the economy, and fiscal and monetary policy. Most of these conditions are permanent in nature and require long-term planning. As this research was conducted before the catastrophe caused by the August 2020 Beirut explosion, no aspects of the financial consequences to the Lebanese banking sector and economy resulting from this immerse shock are included.

scholarly journals Educational Level and Tax Compliance: Empirical Evidence From Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Stanley Ogoun ◽  
Godspower Anthony Ekpulu
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Education Expenditure ◽  
Government Investment ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
National Priority ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
The Government

The study interrogates the relationship between educational level and tax compliance in Nigeria. The study employs the ex post facto research design to ascertain how government investment in education enhances tax compliance. The study covers 17 years (2002-2018) for both tax revenue (a surrogate for tax compliance) and education expenditure (a surrogate for educational level). From the empirical results, the study concludes that there is a positive nexus between government expenditure on education and tax revenue. The study, therefore, recommends that as a matter of necessity, the government should invest more in the overall educational demand of her citizens not only from tax revenues but from other oil and non-oil sources. The governments, from the federal and state levels, should act as a matter national priority endeavour to meet up with the international budgetary benchmark allocation for education, as recommended by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in its Education for All (EFA) document 2000-2015. This will give Nigerians more access to quality education that would result in moving up the global ranking in HDI with its resultant benefits.

Perception of ESG criteria by mainstream investors: evidence from Tunisia

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 752-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souhir Khemir
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Arab Spring ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Investor Behavior ◽  
Allocation Decision ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Investment Allocation ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
Investment Choices

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the perception of environmental, social and governance (ESG) criteria by mainstream investors in an emerging financial market, that of Tunisia, country at the origin of the Arab Spring. Design/methodology/approach A series of focus groups and semi-structured interviews were conducted with financial professionals. Findings Despite efforts by the Tunisian state to promote CSR and ESG criteria since the outbreak of the revolution of January 14th, 2011, the results show that these criteria are fairly well known by our interlocutors. As part of an investment allocation decision, the ESG criteria are considered as secondary to financial ones. The three criteria are classified as follows according to their usefulness in the investment choices of financial professionals: corporate governance, social and environmental. Research limitations/implications In addition to the subjective nature of the data collected, this research is limited to the input of only financial professionals. It does not inform us about ESG indicators that may influence the investment decisions of financial professionals, and thus this issue deserves further reflection. Originality/value This exploratory study sheds light on a little-explored topic in Tunisia, country at the origin of the Arab Spring. It contributes to the existing literature in the areas of investor behavior toward ESG criteria and adds to the limited literature in the area of emerging countries.

Searching a Political Solution for Syria

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saroj Kumar Rath
Keyword(s):  
Arab Spring ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Transition Mechanism ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
The Us ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
Middle East Policy

Syria’s sudden plunge into civil struggle is directly linked with United States’ Middle East policy. The 2011 pull-out of American troops from the smouldering provinces of Iraq and the subsequent refusal of the US to take sides in the ‘Arab Spring’ have weakened the incumbent governments and produced too many unsuitable civil claimants to rule ‘Arab Spring’-affected countries. The so-called US neutrality left a vacuum, which was filled by a swarm of Islamist extremists. The resultant internecine wars sparked by contending parties in Iraq, Syria and Yemen had taken these countries to the very verge of chaos. The outcome among other things included a revival of al-Qaeda, which was soon eclipsed by Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), and an unending spiral of civil war in Syria, the major result of the anti-Western blowback. This article argues that the fight against extremist forces in Syria is doomed if there is absence of a strong, functional and acceptable government. Lasting peace under President Bashar al-Assad looks impossible but it is essential to have the core of Ba’athist regime in place in any transitional or post-transition mechanism. A new interpretation of political solution is required. Else, the state will collapse, which will only help the jihadists. Despite its limitations and challenges, federalisation of Syria and the establishment of a federal structure of the government, it seems, is the only viable solution.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF THE POST ARAB SPRING ON THE HUMAN RIGHTS IN SYRIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 456-463
Author(s):  
Dakheelallah Alharbi ◽  
Zarina Othman ◽  
Sity Daud
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Arab Spring ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
The Government ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to give an analysis of the humanitarian situation and the case of human rights in Syria after the events of the Arab spring. Methodology: This is analytical-descriptive research that has been done through literature review, content analysis, and documentary and case study research. Result: our results suggest that the Syrian government made false concessions designed to end the revolts. The occurrence led to the formation of a rebel group, the Free Syrian Army whose main objective was to oust the authoritarian regime and stop the killing of civilians. This marked the beginning of the blatant violation of human rights as well as the civil war in Syria. The government not only ignited but also took the war to its own people killing, injuring and imprisoning thousands of people. Worse still, thousands of women and young girls still suffer sexual violence during the nightly raids conducted frequently on either opposing camps. Following the massive violations of human rights, almost all economic sectors of Syria have met rock-bottom. Applications: This research can be used for policymakers and the international community to take a further step to aid the Syrian civilians. Novelty/Originality: In our research, we try to target a very much debated topic in the Middle East. Although several articles written about the humanitarian and human rights situation in Syria studies on human rights after the Arab spring is still lacking.

scholarly journals Examining the Influence of Individual Guidance and Counseling Services on the Self-Efficacy of Children Living in Orphanages in Bungoma County

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-61
Author(s):  
Benson M. Nasongo; James Kay; Bernard Chemwei
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
The Self ◽  
Counseling Services ◽  
Guidance And Counseling ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Orphaned Children ◽  
Counselling Services ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
The Government

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of individual guidance and counselling services on the self-efficacy of orphaned children living in orphanages in Bungoma County. The researcher adopted the ex-post facto research design. The population of the study was 2132 orphans in the 20 orphanages. 280 of the orphans in all the 20 orphanages were interviewed. One (1) caregiver and one (1) administrator (again per orphanage) were interviewed. Out of a total of 20 Children’s Homes in Bungoma County, the researcher purposively sampled 280 orphans that were interviewed. Questionnaires and interview schedules were used to collect data from the respondents who included the orphans, orphanages administrators and caregivers. The self-efficacy scale of 1-4 was converted to between 0-100. The data was prepared, coded and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Strict ethical considerations were observed during the study. The study established that there was a positive and significant relationship between self-efficacy of orphaned children and individual guidance and counselling services. The study’s recommendations were that the government should come up with policies to guide all the orphanages in Kenya, including the process of guiding and counselling. Every orphanage should also engage the services of a qualified guiding and counselling specialist for the orphans and should be paid well to avoid high turnover. Individual guiding and counselling services should be encouraged in orphanages as they are effective. They help the orphans open up and share challenges and enable them to solve serious life’s challenges.

scholarly journals The "Arab Spring": New Mechanisms of Change of Authoritarian Political Regimes

2015 ◽  
pp. 238-246
Author(s):  
E. A. Antyukhova
Keyword(s):  
Arab Spring ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Regimes ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Government ◽  
Real Picture ◽  
The Arab Spring

The article explores the use of mechanisms in bringing down authoritarian political regimes in the Middle East and North Africa with the "Arab spring" in focus. The technique of "non-violent" methods of fight suggested by "godfather" of the "Arab spring" Gene Sharp is analyzed. It is noted that the distinctive features of his system were planned, determined and dynamic actions of protest forces. A special place in the article is devoted to the study of the role of non-governmental organizations in selecting and training protest leaders and activists and in creating a network of supporters of prodemocratic movements. The article examines the role of the Internet and cyber technologies used by the opposition during protest rallies. Non-violence as means of bringing down the existing power turned out to be an alternative to armed resistance. The key role of non-violent actions consisted in changing the point of view of anti-government forces, demonstrating that the public solidarity could make the regime overthrow possible. It is noted that the latest information means gave the process of political changes due activity and focus which was followed by the information actions designed to discredit the government in place and form the corresponding public opinion. Mediatization of politics promoted the creation of a dense information veil retouching a real picture. The overall system of methods used during the "the Arab spring" indicates that the mechanism of overthrowing authoritarian regimes and its technologies came from Western culture and were borrowed by Arab activists.

Ex-Post Stakeholder Analysis of National ICT Policy Subsystem

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Makoza ◽  
Wallace Chigona
Keyword(s):  
Stakeholder Analysis ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Advocacy Coalition ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Policy Subsystem ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Media ◽  
National Information ◽  
Ict Policy

This paper presents an analysis of stakeholders of the national Information and Communication Technology (ICT) policy subsystem using the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF). The study focused on the context of a developing country, Malawi, which was analysed using qualitative data gathered through semi-structured interviews and policy documents. The findings showed there was diversity in the stakeholders for national ICT policy who were engaged in different roles of the policy process despite being a unitary policy subsystem. The stakeholders included officials from government departments, donors, academia, private sector organisations, the media, law enforcement agents and telecom operators. Some of the roles of the stakeholders were related to policy formulation, implementation, regulation, ICT investment, and support. The study contributes towards the literature of national ICT policy in the context of developing countries. A further study is recommended to consider the interests of informal stakeholders not represented in the national ICT policy subsystem.

Entrepreneurial Behavior of Piggery Trainees of Pashu-Vigyan Incubator

2022 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-188
Author(s):  
Akriti Anna ◽  
B. P. Singh ◽  
Mahesh Chander ◽  
M. P. Sagar ◽  
R. S. Suman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Entrepreneurial Behavior ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level

Entrepreneurship as a dynamic and innovative process of a country’s development hasbecome a prerequisite for supporting the government of India’s ambitious flagship programof ‘Atm-nirbhar Bharat”. The study is an ex-post facto research to ascertain theentrepreneurial behavior of the trainees who attended the entrepreneurship developmentprogramme on piggery at agri-business incubator ICAR-IVRI (Pashu-Vigyan Incubator). Apurposive sampling technique was used to select 80 trainees starting their piggeryenterprises. The data were collected through mailed e-questionnaire and telephonic follow-up. The entrepreneurial behavior was determined on nine dimensions and majority of thetrainees showed a high level of ‘cosmopoliteness’, ‘achievement motivation’, ‘riskorientation’ and coordinating ability but possessed medium level ‘information seekingbehavior’, ‘self-confidence’, ‘innovativeness’, ‘planning ability’. The entrepreneurialbehavior showed positive and significant correlation with their experience in piggery, attitudetowards scientific piggery farming, social participation, education and income. Overall highmean entrepreneurial behavior index was observed indicating a positive effect of theEntrepreneurship Development Program.

ACCREDITATION ON TEACHER’S PERFORMANCE AND MADRASAH NATIONAL EXAMINATION

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Firdaus Basuni
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Examination Score ◽  
National Examination ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Many efforts have been done by the government to improve the quality of education and one of them is accreditation program. This research is focused to identify the impact of accreditation on teachers’ performance and national examination score of Madrasah. The research used an ex post facto method to analyze past events and their time order to find out the influencing factors. The population of this study was 8.844 madrasah located in provinces of DKI Jakarta, Central Java, South Sulawesi, and South Sumatera. Using purposive sampling technique, 202 teachers from 73 madrasah representing those from the provinces mentioned were taken as the samples. Data analysis and interpretation suggest that: (1) From accreditation status point of view, there was no significant difference between teachers’ performances of accredited madrasah and those from non-accredited ones, (2) There was a significant difference between the teachers’ performance judging from the accreditation level point of view (on the scale of A, B, C, or D), between the teachers’ performance of madrasahs with A accreditation and B accreditation; and between the teachers’ performance of madrasah with A accreditation and C accreditation, (3) There was no significant differences between the teachers’ performance of madrasah with B accreditation and C accreditation, (4) there was a significant difference between the national examination score of accredited madrasah and the non-accreditation ones, and (5) There was no significant difference between national examination score of madrasahs with different accreditation scale of level (A, B, C, or D). Shortly, the accreditation has more influence on the teachers’ performances than on the national examination scores.

Rap and Mizoued Music: Claiming a Space for Dissent and Protest in Post-Arab Spring Tunisia

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 626-643
Author(s):  
Zouhir Gabsi
Keyword(s):  
Arab Spring ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Global Recession ◽  
Shared History ◽  
Liberal Economy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
The Arab Spring

The Arab Spring in Tunisia has brought with it positive changes, such as freedom of expression and democracy. However, Tunisians have found that these applauded achievements have not improved their living conditions. After Ben Ali was ousted in 2010, the decline of Tunisia’s economy was exacerbated by internal and external factors such as global recession, a dysfunctional liberal economy, internal political infighting, and corruption. To ventilate their frustration and dismay with the government and the overall socio-economic situation in Tunisia, some Tunisians turn to the music of rap and Mizoued in search for a new space where there is solace and escapism. Mizoued music and rap deal with core issues about the living conditions in Tunisia, such as ḥarga (border jumping, clandestine migration). Most rappers and Mzēwdiyye (Mizoued players) represent the houma (neighbourhood), and it is their connection with frustrated youths and struggling Tunisians that influenced these two genres to merge and gain popularity in their shared history of marginalization. The purpose of this article is twofold. First, it analyses the points of convergence and divergence of these two genres in terms of themes and authenticity. Second, it discusses how rap and Mizoued discourses use the notion of ‘space’ in the development of the artists’ trajectories and narratives in three domains: cultural, political, and sociological. Within these domains, Bourdieu’s social concepts of habitus, cultural capital, and field throw light on how ‘taste’, power’, and ‘class’ are exercised in the three domains.

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