FUNGAL DISEASE OF THE ORAL CAVITY

The problem of oral candidiasis is topical for the adult population and children due to frequent recurrence, the presence of a large number of predisposing factors, lack of compliance with hygienic measures for the care of the oral cavity. The most common causative agent of oral candidiasis is the fungi C. albicans. The article discusses the risk factors for the development of this disease taking into account age-related factors, provides clinical morphological characteristics of acute and chronic forms of oral candidiasis. Local causal treatment of isolated candidal lesions of the oral cavity by 1% solution of clotrimazole (Candid) is effective both in children and adults. Preventive care after the course etiotropic therapy are aimed at reducing the number of relapses of oral candidiasis.

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IDENTIFIKASI FAKTOR RISIKO TERJADINYA KOLONISASI SPESIES CANDIDA DI RONGGA MULUT PADA INDIVIDU SEHAT (PENELITIAN PADA MAHASISWA & MAHASISWI FKG UI)

Majalah Sainstekes ◽

10.33476/ms.v2i1.1638 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 023-038

Author(s):

Audiawati Audiawati ◽

Siti Aliyah Pradono ◽

Febrina Rahmayanti

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Oral Candidiasis ◽

Salivary Flow ◽

Oral Health Status ◽

Blood Type ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Healthy Population ◽

Chi Square ◽

Oral Rinse

Introduction : Cases of oral candidiasis are commonly found, both in healthy individuals and immunecompromise patients, however publications of Candida carrier in the oral cavity of healthy population and risk factors for colonization in Indonesia are hardly available. Objective : This study was aimed to analyze the type and number of Candida colonies and identify risk factors in the oral cavity of apparenthly health FKG UI students. Material and methods : the specimens were taken from 195 subjects with oral rinse technique for identification using culture medium CHROMagar® and Sabaraoud dextrose agar. Results and discussion : Candida species were found in the 107 subjects oral cavity (54.87%), being Candida albicans was is the predominant species (52.33%). Some 88 subjects (82.24%) was dominant in the number of colonies 400 CFU/ml, while the rest had colony of 400 CFU/ml (17.76%). Candida colony grew dominantly in single colony (90.65%), and the others showed multi-species colonies (9.34%). Risk factors identified included age; gender; hormonal; blood type O; denture; orthodontic appliances; unstimulated salivary flow; pH of saliva; smoking, alcohol and oral cleaning habit; and oral health status. By using a statistical Pearson chi-square test, no significant relationship was found between risk factors and number of Candida colonies in the oral cavity p0.05. Conclusion : there was no one single risk factor for Candida colonization, but combination of various risk factors for demographis, local and systemic was observed

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Risk factors of age-related cataract in a Chinese adult population: the Taizhou Eye Study

Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology ◽

10.1111/ceo.13040 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 371-379 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yating Tang ◽

Xiaofeng Wang ◽

Jiucun Wang ◽

Li Jin ◽

Wei Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Adult Population ◽

Chinese Adult ◽

Age Related

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ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS AND EARLY AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION IN A RURAL CHINESE ADULT POPULATION

Retina ◽

10.1097/iae.0000000000000118 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 34 (8) ◽

pp. 1539-1553 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ke Yang ◽

Feng-Hua Wang ◽

Yuan-Bo Liang ◽

Tien-Yin Wong ◽

Jie-Jin Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Macular Degeneration ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Adult Population ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Early Age ◽

Chinese Adult ◽

Age Related

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Cognitive impairment—risk factors and prevention

Oxford Textbook of Geriatric Medicine ◽

10.1093/med/9780198701590.003.0123 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 955-962

Author(s):

Francesca Mangialasche ◽

Tiia Ngandu ◽

Miia Kivipelto

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Preventive Strategies ◽

Related Factors ◽

Life Course Approach ◽

Age Related ◽

Key Aspects ◽

Multicomponent Interventions ◽

Preventive Effects

Cognitive impairment is common in advanced age, with dementia representing the main cause of disability in older adults. Prevention is crucial to halt the pandemic increase of this disorder, and can be achieved by managing several risk factors, including vascular and metabolic disorders, and psychosocial and lifestyle-related factors. While evidence-based approaches still need to be defined, the multifactorial and heterogeneous nature of late-life cognitive impairment suggests that multicomponent interventions targeting several risk factors simultaneously are needed for optimal preventive effects. A life course approach should also be considered to identify strategies that can be efficacious for subjects of different ages and with different risk profiles. This chapter summarizes major findings on risk and protective factors for age-related cognitive impairment, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease, and reviews key aspects of preventive strategies, focusing on primary and secondary prevention.

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Epidemiology and risk factors for gallstones in the paediatric and adult population in the city of Al-Ahsa

10.22541/au.162585028.82211841/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

samia alfuraikh ◽

sara algubaisi ◽

lubna ALhamad ◽

Khadiga Mahmoud Hussein

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Sickle Cell ◽

Adult Population ◽

Age Groups ◽

High Body Mass Index ◽

Lifestyle Modifications ◽

Age Related ◽

The City

Background and Aims: Cholelithiasis is a common upper gastrointestinal tract disorder in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Analyses of risk factors for gallstone formation may explain the need for lifestyle modifications. Therefore, our aim was to identify sex- and age-related differences in the prevalence and risk factors for gallstones among Saudi individuals in the city of Al-Ahsa. Methods: The medical records of patients, ≥1 year of age, with a radiologically confirmed diagnosis of gallstones, between 2014 through 2016, were retrieved and relevant demographic and clinical data extracted. Risk factors for cholelithiasis for all age groups were identified. Results: A total of 618 patients had radiologically confirmed gallstones over the 3-year period of observation. The prevalence was higher among females than males (73% versus 27%, respectively) in all age groups. In the paediatric group, the prevalence of gallstones was higher among girls with obesity and those with sickle cell disorders. Advanced age, a higher body mass index, high low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, and cholesterol were independently associated with cholelithiasis in both gender of all age groups. Hepatitis B and C were not found to be risk factors for cholelithiasis. Conclusions: Older age, female sex, a high body mass index, and hyperlipidaemia are major risk factors for gall stones formation among all age groups. Haemolytic anaemia, namely sickle cell disease, is a prevalent risk factor in paediatric population.

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Oral and Oropharyngeal Sensory Function in Adults With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology ◽

10.1044/2019_ajslp-19-00095 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 864-872

Author(s):

Fernanda Borowsky da Rosa ◽

Adriane Schmidt Pasqualoto ◽

Catriona M. Steele ◽

Renata Mancopes

Keyword(s):

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Pulmonary Disease ◽

Thermal Sensation ◽

Sensory Function ◽

Control Group ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Age Related ◽

Copd Patients

Introduction The oral cavity and pharynx have a rich sensory system composed of specialized receptors. The integrity of oropharyngeal sensation is thought to be fundamental for safe and efficient swallowing. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are at risk for oropharyngeal sensory impairment due to frequent use of inhaled medications and comorbidities including gastroesophageal reflux disease. Objective This study aimed to describe and compare oral and oropharyngeal sensory function measured using noninstrumental clinical methods in adults with COPD and healthy controls. Method Participants included 27 adults (18 men, nine women) with a diagnosis of COPD and a mean age of 66.56 years ( SD = 8.68). The control group comprised 11 healthy adults (five men, six women) with a mean age of 60.09 years ( SD = 11.57). Spirometry measures confirmed reduced functional expiratory volumes (% predicted) in the COPD patients compared to the control participants. All participants completed a case history interview and underwent clinical evaluation of oral and oropharyngeal sensation by a speech-language pathologist. The sensory evaluation explored the detection of tactile and temperature stimuli delivered by cotton swab to six locations in the oral cavity and two in the oropharynx as well as identification of the taste of stimuli administered in 5-ml boluses to the mouth. Analyses explored the frequencies of accurate responses regarding stimulus location, temperature and taste between groups, and between age groups (“≤ 65 years” and “> 65 years”) within the COPD cohort. Results We found significantly higher frequencies of reported use of inhaled medications ( p < .001) and xerostomia ( p = .003) in the COPD cohort. Oral cavity thermal sensation ( p = .009) was reduced in the COPD participants, and a significant age-related decline in gustatory sensation was found in the COPD group ( p = .018). Conclusion This study found that most of the measures of oral and oropharyngeal sensation remained intact in the COPD group. Oral thermal sensation was impaired in individuals with COPD, and reduced gustatory sensation was observed in the older COPD participants. Possible links between these results and the use of inhaled medication by individuals with COPD are discussed.

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Association of plaque echostructure and cardiovascular risk factors with symptomatic carotid artery disease

VASA ◽

10.1024/0301-1526.38.4.357 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 357-364 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Giannoukas ◽

Sfyroeras ◽

Griffin ◽

Saleptsis ◽

Antoniou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Carotid Artery ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Carotid Plaque ◽

Young Patients ◽

Symptomatic Disease ◽

Age Related ◽

Ica Stenosis

Background: Severity of stenosis remains the main factor for assessing risk of stroke in patients with internal carotid artery (ICA) disease. This study was conducted to investigate the association of plaque echostructure and other established and emerging cardiovascular risk factors with symptomatic ICA disease. Design: Cross-sectional study of consecutive patients with significant (> 50 %) ICA stenosis. Patients and methods: Carotid plaque echostructure, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, serum lipoprotein (a), homocysteine, vitamin B12, folate, cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein ratio, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, and the Framingham risk score were assessed in 124 consecutive patients (70 asymptomatic; 54 symptomatic) with significant (> 50 %) ICA stenosis. Results: The asymptomatic and symptomatic groups did not differ in terms of gender distribution (p = 0.76) and severity of stenosis (p = 0.62). Echolucent plaques (type 1 and 2) were more predominant in patients with symptomatic disease (p = 0.004, OR = 2.13, 95 % CI = 1.26-3.6). Patients with plaques type 1 were relatively younger than those with type 4 (p = 0.02). None of the other factors assessed had any significant association with symptomatic disease and any type of carotid plaque. Conclusions: Besides the severity of carotid stenosis, the presence of an echolucent plaque appears as an important factor associated with symptomatic ICA disease. Also, young patients are more likely to have an echolucent plaque suggesting an age-related association with plaque maturation.

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Critical Review on Suicide Among Nurses

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000305 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 91-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Marie Alderson ◽

Xavier Parent-Rocheleau ◽

Brian Mishara

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Literature Review ◽

High Stress ◽

Related Factors ◽

Work Settings ◽

Work Related ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Full Text Review ◽

The Subject ◽

Psychiatric Problems

Background: Research shows that there is a high prevalence of suicide among nurses. Despite this, it has been 15 years since the last literature review on the subject was published. Aim: The aim of this article is to review the knowledge currently available on the risk of suicide among nurses and on contributory risk factors. Method: A search was conducted in electronic databases using keywords related to prevalence and risk factors of suicide among nurses. The abstracts were analyzed by reviewers according to selection criteria. Selected articles were submitted to a full-text review and their key elements were summarized. Results: Only nine articles were eligible for inclusion in this review. The results of this literature review highlight both the troubling high prevalence of suicide among nurses as well as the persistent lack of studies that examine this issue. Conclusion: Considering that the effects of several factors related to nurses' work and work settings are associated with high stress, distress, or psychiatric problems, we highlight the relevance of investigating work-related factors associated with nurses' risk of suicide. Several avenues for future studies are discussed as well as possible research methods.

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