scholarly journals New possibilities for pregnancy diagnosis in ruminants: Limitations, advantages, use

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 6016-2018
Author(s):  
JĘDRZEJ M. JAŚKOWSKI ◽  
MAGDALENA HERUDZIŃSKA ◽  
JULITA KMIECIK ◽  
ALEKSANDRA KIERBIĆ ◽  
BARTŁOMIEJ M. JAŚKOWSKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Pregnancy Diagnosis ◽  
High Production ◽  
Reproduction Management ◽  
Excellent Extension ◽  
Diagnostic Capabilities ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Estrone Sulphate

Early pregnancy diagnosis in ruminants, especially in high production herds, is one of the most important components of reproduction management. Reducing the time between insemination and the exclusion or confirmation of pregnancy is of major economic importance. That is why the traditional method of pregnancy examination by transrectal palpation is increasingly complemented by additional tests, such as ultrasonography. An alternative to these methods of pregnancy diagnosis are also simple field tests. The best known are tests for progesterone and estrone sulphate concentrations. Over the last few years, the measuring of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) has also been gaining popularity. In cattle, this method can be used as early as the 28th day of pregnancy, when the plasma concentration of PAGs exceeds 1ng / ml. Maximum values of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins are observed about day 240 after fertilization. After calving, their level quickly decreases. In sheep, the concentration of PAGs increases significantly in the 3rd and 4th weeks of gestation and reaches its maximum level around the 9th week. In goats, the concentration of PAGs differs between races, but its measurement can be quite a reliable indirect method of pregnancy diagnosis. The PAGs value in this species grows until about the 8th week after insemination and, depending on the breed, reaches a maximum value of 50 to 69 ng/ml. One limitation for the use of PAGs field tests may be false positives which occur after the death of the embryo. Similarly, an increased PAGs concentration can persists for up to about 70 days after calving. Moreover, the PAGs concentration is also affected by the health, age and milk production of the female. The advantages of field tests are the simplicity of performance, the ease of reading and interpreting the results and the short time needed to complete the entire procedure. Field tests based on the commonly used ELISA method are characterized by low invasiveness (blood, milk), combined with high sensitivity and specificity. Their rapid application under field conditions makes them an excellent extension of diagnostic capabilities, especially in large herds of cows, .

scholarly journals Visualization of Lesions of Metaphyses and Epiphyses of Bones in Newborns and Young Children

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
N. A. Sholokhova
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Diagnostic Capabilities

The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic capabilities of various methods of radiological diagnostics for lesions of the metaphyses and epiphyses of bones in newborns and young children.The study involved 108 children in the age group 5 days – 12 months with pathological changes in the pineal gland and bone metaphysis. The possibilities and advantages of standard radiography (СR), ultrasound examination (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the early and differential diagnosis of the osteomyelitis process and epiphyseolysis have been determined. High sensitivity (98 %), specificity (99 %) and accuracy (98 %) for ultrasound and sensitivity (94 %), specificity (89 %) and accuracy (95 %) of MRI in diagnosing osteomyelitis in patients of this age groups. At the same time, the possibilities of standard radiography at the stages of early diagnosis of inflammatory processes in the distal parts of the bones were limited due to a number of factors. The use of diagnostic algorithms greatly facilitates the work of a radiologist and reduces the number of false negative results during the initial treatment of patients.

scholarly journals Frequency Response Stabilization and Comparative Studies of MET Hydrophone at Marine Seismic Exploration Systems

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egor Egorov ◽  
Anna Shabalina ◽  
Dmitry Zaitsev ◽  
Sergey Kurkov ◽  
Nikolay Gueorguiev
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Response ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Seismic Exploration ◽  
Joint Stock Company ◽  
Experimental Sample ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Stock Company ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Marine Seismic

Low frequency hydrophone with a frequency range of 1−300 Hz for marine seismic exploration systems has been developed. The operation principle of the hydrophone bases on the molecular electronic transfer that allows high sensitivity and low level self-noise at low frequencies (<10 Hz) to be achieved. The paper presents a stabilization method of the frequency response within the frequency range at a depth up to 30 m. Laboratory and marine tests confirmed the stated characteristics as well as the possibility of using this sensor in bottom marine seismic systems. An experimental sample of the hydrophone successfully passed a comparative marine test at Gelendzhik Bay (Black Sea) with the technical support of Joint-Stock Company (JSC) “Yuzhmorgeologiya”. One of the main results is the possibility of obtaining high-quality information in the field of low frequencies, which was demonstrated in the course of field tests.

scholarly journals Gob-Side Entry Retaining Involving Bag Filling Material for Support Wall Construction

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6353
Author(s):  
Zhaowen Du ◽  
Shaojie Chen ◽  
Junbiao Ma ◽  
Zhongping Guo ◽  
Dawei Yin
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Working Face ◽  
Support Resistance ◽  
Pillar Mining ◽  
High Production ◽  
Wall Construction ◽  
Thin Seam ◽  
Seam Mining

Gob-side entry retaining, also termed as non-pillar mining, plays an important role in saving coal resources, high production and efficiency, extending the service life of mine and improving the investment benefit. Herein, a gob-side entry retaining method involving the use of bag filling material for wall construction is proposed based on the thin seam mining characteristics. First, a gob-side entry retaining mechanical model is established, and the side support resistance of the 8101 working face is calculated. The mechanical properties of the bag material are investigated through experiments, and the construction technology of the gob-side entry retaining approach involving the use of bag filling material for wall construction is introduced. The deformation on the two sides, the roof and floor of the roadway, are simulated via numerical methods and monitored during field tests. The results show a small control range for the deformations and a good roadway retention effect, thereby proving the feasibility of the bag filling material for wall construction. This study provides a reference for the development of gob-side entry retaining mining for thin coal seams.

Breast Scintigraphy with 199Tl in Diagnosis of Breast Cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 1084 ◽  
pp. 361-364
Author(s):  
Anna Titskaya ◽  
Vladimir Chernov ◽  
Elena Slonimskaya ◽  
Ivan Sinilkin ◽  
Roman Zelchan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Breast Diseases ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Diagnostic Capabilities ◽  
Diagnostic Criterion ◽  
Breast Scintigraphy

To study the diagnostic capabilities of emission single photon computed tomography with 199Tl in imaging of breast cancer 90 women with breast diseases were included in the study. During the research high indications of specificity 96.7% were obtained in the detection of breast cancer. The sensitivity of breast cancer visualization was 95%, while in the detection of tumors smaller than 10mm, the sensitivity was 75%, in detecting tumors more than 10mm - 98%. Considering the high sensitivity and specificity of SPECT with 199Tl, we can recommend the use of this method as an additional diagnostic criterion in cases where other methods of radiation diagnosis and the results of morphological studies do not provide a clear answer.

scholarly journals Method Development and validating the Detection and Determination of Cinacalcet in bulk and its formulation using RP-HPLC

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 6793-6799
Author(s):  
Birendra Shrivastava ◽  
Sai Rajesh Kollapudi ◽  
Dinakar A
Keyword(s):  
Method Development ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Drug Dosage ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Calcium Sensing ◽  
Rp Hplc ◽  
Short Time

Cinacalcet (INN), a calcium mimetic drug that mimics the activity of calcium in the body. It expresses itself by activation of calcium-sensing receptor allosterically in different organs and tissues. The secretion of parathyroid hormone is regulated principally by calcium-sensing receptors that are present on the surface of the parathyroid gland. Cinacalcet is used in the treatment of hyperparathyroidism, which is the usual consequence of parathyroid cancers and CKF. There had been a rapid increase in the number of drugs that are adding to each class of drugs. These drugs are formulated into newer formulations either in a single or multi-drug dosage forms. These newer marketed formulations demand a new investigation for the estimation of the drug in the formulations. The existing analytical techniques for those drugs are available in the research literature, but not all the methods are stable and economical to use. The objective of this work was to develop an analytical RP-HPLC method for the estimation of cinacalcet in bulk and tablet formulation. The emphasis was given to the short time of analysis, and simplicity in the method. RP-HPLC analysis of the drug satisfies the peak integrity, suitability, recovery of the drug. LOQ and LOD of the drug were achieved with high sensitivity. The data shows the precision of the method and the accuracy of the method. Overall, the data suggest that the proposed analytical method can be used to analyse the drug in the formulation. This method can be recommended for the routine analysis of the drug in its dosage form.

scholarly journals Accuracy and Impact on Patient Management of New Tools for Diagnosis of Sepsis: Experience with the T2 Magnetic Resonance Bacteria Panel

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1132
Author(s):  
Riccardo Paggi ◽  
Elio Cenci ◽  
Giuseppe Vittorio De Socio ◽  
Alessandra Belati ◽  
Daniele Marini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Patient Management ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Empiric Therapy ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Short Time

The rapid and accurate identification of pathogens responsible for sepsis is essential for prompt and effective antimicrobial therapy. Molecular technologies have been developed to detect the most common causative agents, with high sensitivity and short time to result (TTR). T2 Bacteria Panel (T2), based on a combination of PCR and T2 magnetic resonance, can identify directly in blood samples Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecium, and Acinetobacter baumannii pathogens. This study evaluates the role of T2 in the diagnosis of sepsis and its impact on patient management, specifically in terms of TTR and the switch from empirical to directed therapy, comparing results of blood culture (BC) and T2 assay in 82 patients with sepsis. T2 significantly improved the detection of the causative agents of sepsis. For pathogens included in the panel, T2 sensitivity was 100% (95% CI 86.3–100.0), significantly higher than that of BC (54.8%, 95% CI 36.0–72.7). The TTR (median, IQR) of positive T2 (3.66 h, 3.59–4.31) was significantly shorter than that of the positive BC (37.58 h, 20.10–47.32). A significant reduction in the duration of empiric therapy and an increase in the percentage of patients with switched therapy was observed in patients with a positive T2 result. In conclusion, T2 can shorten and improve the etiological diagnosis of sepsis with a positive impact on patient management.

scholarly journals Recent advances of fluorescent biosensors based on cyclic signal amplification technology in biomedical detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongke Qu ◽  
Chunmei Fan ◽  
Mingjian Chen ◽  
Xiangyan Zhang ◽  
Qijia Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Amplification ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rolling Circle Amplification ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Rolling Circle ◽  
Displacement Reactions ◽  
Short Time

AbstractThe cyclic signal amplification technology has been widely applied for the ultrasensitive detection of many important biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, enzymes, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), metal ions, exosome, etc. Due to their low content in the complex biological samples, traditional detection methods are insufficient to satisfy the requirements for monitoring those biomolecules. Therefore, effective and sensitive biosensors based on cyclic signal amplification technology are of great significance for the quick and simple diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Fluorescent biosensor based on cyclic signal amplification technology has become a research hotspot due to its simple operation, low cost, short time, high sensitivity and high specificity. This paper introduces several cyclic amplification methods, such as rolling circle amplification (RCA), strand displacement reactions (SDR) and enzyme-assisted amplification (EAA), and summarizes the research progress of using this technology in the detection of different biomolecules in recent years, in order to provide help for the research of more efficient and sensitive detection methods. Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals Biomarkers of Acute Kidney Injury after Cardiac Surgery: A Narrative Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binbin Wu ◽  
Jianghua Chen ◽  
Yi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Diagnostic Standards ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Diagnostic Capabilities ◽  
Neutrophil Gelatinase

Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) is a major and serious complication in patients undergoing cardiac surgery and is independently associated with perioperative mortality and mortality. Therapeutic intervention aiming at reversing kidney dysfunction seems disappointing across multiple settings. Consequently, attention has shifted from treatment to prevention and early detection. The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines have unified diagnostic standards mainly based on the serum creatinine (Scr) level or urine output, but neither marker is kidney specific. Efforts have been made to identify novel biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity. The diagnostic capabilities of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and G1 cell cycle arrest biomarker as biomarkers have been confirmed in a large number of clinical trials. The utility of biomarkers of cardiac function and inflammation has been validated in clinical studies. Aiming to offer valuable information for further research, we summarize the progress in defining current markers relevant to CSA-AKI in the last three years.

Hormone pulsatility discrimination via coarse and short time sampling

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (5) ◽  
pp. E948-E957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Pincus ◽  
Mark L. Hartman ◽  
Ferdinand Roelfsema ◽  
Michael O. Thorner ◽  
Johannes D. Veldhuis
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Approximate Entropy ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Time Sampling ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Tumor Patients ◽  
Short Time

Pulsatile hormonal secretion is a ubiquitous finding in endocrinology. However, typical protocols employed to generate data sets suitable for “pulsatility analysis” have required 60–300 samples, rendering such studies largely research methodologies, due primarily to considerable assay expense. One successful mathematical strategy in calibrating changes in pulsatility modalities is approximate entropy (ApEn), a quantification of sequential irregularity. Given the degree of differences between ApEn values in pathophysiological subjects vs. healthy controls reported in several recent studies, we queried to what extent coarser (less frequent) and shorter duration time sampling would still retain significant ApEn differences between clinically distinct cohorts. Accordingly, we reanalyzed data from two studies of 24-h profiles of healthy vs. tumoral hormone secretion: 1) growth hormone comparisons of normal subjects vs. acromegalics, originally sampled every 5 min; and 2) ACTH and cortisol comparisons of normal subjects vs. Cushing's disease patients, originally sampled every 10 min. By multiple statistical analyses, we consistently and highly significantly ( P < 0.0001) established that serum concentration patterns in tumor patients are more irregular than those of controls, with high sensitivity and specificity, even at very coarse (e.g., 60 min) sampling regimens and over relatively short (2–4 h) time intervals. The consistency of these findings suggests a broadly based utility of such shorter and/or coarser sampling methodologies. Substantial reduction in sampling requirements holds the potential to move analysis of pulsatile hormone release from a primarily research tool to a clinically applicable protocol, in appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic contexts.

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