Research on factors that influence the course of canine parvovirosis

The aim of this study was to demonstrate correlations of the course of canine parvovirus infection and the rate of cytopathic effect (CPE) on CPV-infected CCC clone 81 cell lines with the age of the affected animals, their history of CPV vaccination and the strain of the virus causing the infection. Forty-five dogs with parvovirus confirmed by rapid diagnostic tests and PCR were studied. Faecal samples from diseased animals were used to infect cell lines, which were then observed for a cytopathic effect. The statistical analysis of the results obtained demonstrated a positive correlation between the recovery rate of the diseased animals and the fact that they had been vaccinated against CPV. In dogs that had been vaccinated against CPV, the mean duration of the disease was 6 days, whereas in the group of unvaccinated dogs it was 7 days. The course of the disease also depended on the virus strain. It was shown that dogs from which the CPV-2a strain was isolated took longer to recover, had more severe clinical signs and higher mortality. The cytopathic effect appeared in all infected cultures, while the rate at which changes occurred was independent of the virus strain with which the cells were infected, the age of the dogs from which CPV was isolated and their CPV vaccination history. The study results obtained may serve as valuable prognostic guidelines as to the duration of and recovery from canine parvovirus infection.

Download Full-text

Association between Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Other Various Factors Defining Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Research and Review ◽

10.52403/ijrr.20210402 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 12-17

Author(s):

Basavaraj PG ◽

Ashok P Yenkanchi ◽

Chidanand Galagali

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Positive History ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Study Results ◽

History Of ◽

The Mean

Background: Risk factors can lead to clinical conditions, like metabolic syndrome, that predisposes the development of cardiovascular diseases. Objective: The goal of this population-based, prospective and non-randomised cohort study was to study the association between patients with metabolic syndrome and other various factors defining metabolic syndrome. Methods: All the patients referred to the department of Medicine, Al-Ameen Medical college hospital and District Hospital, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India over a period of twenty-two months extending from December 2013 to September 2015 were considered in this study. Results: In the current study, out of 100 patients, 62.9% patients had metabolic syndrome with positive family history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus. 70.8% patients had metabolic syndrome with positive history of smoking. 64.3% patients had metabolic syndrome with positive history of alcohol .73.9% patients had metabolic syndrome with positive history of IHD. 87% of the patients with metabolic syndrome had SBP> 130 mmHg, and 78.85% patients had DBP>85 mmHg. And metabolic syndrome was observed in 71.8% patients on anti hypertensive drugs. The mean level of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride is increased whereas the mean level of anti-atherogenic HDL cholesterol is low in subjects with MS. At least one lipid abnormality was present in > 95 % of cases. Around 81% subjects with BMI <25 (out of 38) had metabolic syndrome and 58% subjects with BMI>25(out of 62) had metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: All the components defining the metabolic syndrome correlated positively with the abdominal obesity. Systolic blood pressure values were significantly higher than diastolic blood pressure in subjects with abdominal obesity. Metabolic syndrome has multiple risk factors determined by various aspects like the race, the life style, geographical factors larger study is needed to understand the correlation between various components defining it. A healthy lifestyle, that includes avoiding tobacco exposure and proper weight control, must be encouraged in this high-risk population. Keywords: Cardiovascular diseases; Overweight; Risk factors; Smoking.

Download Full-text

Factors Affecting Tramadol-Associated Seizure

International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine ◽

10.32598/ijmtfm.v10i4.26674 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 26674.1-26674.5

Author(s):

Maryam Zaare Nahandi ◽

◽

Sayna Abbaszadeh ◽

Mostafa Mansouri ◽

Haniyeh Elahifard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Previous History ◽

Health Concern ◽

Affecting Factors ◽

Public Health Concern ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Study Results ◽

History Of ◽

The Mean ◽

Higher Doses

Background: Tramadol is a widely prescribed analgesic and due to its opioid-like effects, the potential for abuse of tramadol is noticeable. Besides, the complications of tramadol abuse have become a public health concern. This study aimed to investigate the affecting factors on the seizure, as one of the most common complications of tramadol consumption. Methods: A total number of 64 patients from 315 patients who were referred to Sina Hospital, Tabriz, Iran because of tramadol toxicity were included in this 9 months cross-sectional retrospective study. Results: There were 52 males and 12 females in the study. The seizure happened in 53.1% of the subjects and the Mean±SD time between tramadol consumption and seizure was 5.9±7.36 hours. There was no significant association between seizure and sex, age, the dose of tramadol, and previous tramadol consumption history. A significant association was seen between the dose of tramadol and the time of seizure. Conclusion: Seizure that happens due to tramadol overdose is not dependent on sex, age, and previous history of tramadol consumption. As the dose of tramadol is higher, the seizure happens later. More research is needed to understand why the seizure occurs later in higher doses.

Download Full-text

Isolation of the anaerobic intestinal spirochaete Brachyspira pilosicoli from long-term residents and Indonesian visitors to Perth, Western Australia

Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1099/jmm.0.004770-0 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 248-252 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

K. Rini Margawani ◽

Ian D. Robertson ◽

David J. Hampson

Keyword(s):

Western Australia ◽

Gastrointestinal Disease ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Pathogenic Potential ◽

Brachyspira Pilosicoli ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

History Of ◽

The City ◽

Culture Positive

Brachyspira pilosicoli is an anaerobic spirochaete that colonizes the large intestine of humans and various species of animals and birds. The spirochaete is an important enteric pathogen of pigs and poultry, but its pathogenic potential in humans is less clear. In the current study, the occurrence of B. pilosicoli in faecal samples from 766 individuals in two different population groups in Perth, Western Australia, was investigated by selective anaerobic culture. Of 586 individuals who were long-term residents of Perth, including children, elderly patients in care and in hospital and individuals with gastrointestinal disease, only one was culture positive. This person had a history of diverticulitis. In comparison, faeces from 17 of 180 (9.4 %) Indonesians who were short- or medium-term visitors to Perth were positive for B. pilosicoli. The culture-positive individuals had been in the city for between 10 days and 4.5 years (median 5 months). Resampling of subsets of the Indonesians indicated that all negative people remained negative and that some positive individuals remained positive after 5 months. Two individuals had pairs of isolates recovered after 4 and 5 months that had the same PFGE types, whilst another individual had isolates with two different PFGE types that were identified 2 months apart. Individuals who were culture-positive were likely to have been either colonized in Indonesia before arriving in Perth or infected in Perth following contact with other culture-positive Indonesians with whom they socialized. Colonization with B. pilosicoli was not significantly associated with clinical signs at the time the individuals were tested, although faeces with wet-clay consistency were 1.5 times more likely (confidence interval 0.55–4.6) than normal faeces to contain B. pilosicoli.

Download Full-text

Diagnostic Challenges in Canine Parvovirus 2c in Vaccine Failure Cases

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v12090980 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 980 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hiu Ying Esther Yip ◽

Anne Peaston ◽

Lucy Woolford ◽

Shiow Jing Khuu ◽

Georgia Wallace ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Tests ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Canine Parvovirus ◽

Vaccination Status ◽

Negative Results ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

Healthy Dogs ◽

Antigen Tests ◽

Low Sensitivity ◽

Apparently Healthy

In this study, three different diagnostic tests for parvovirus were compared with vaccination status and parvovirus genotype in suspected canine parvovirus cases. Faecal samples from vaccinated (N17) and unvaccinated or unknown vaccination status (N41) dogs that had clinical signs of parvovirus infection were tested using three different assays of antigen tests, conventional and quantitative PCR tests. The genotype of each sample was determined by sequencing. In addition to the suspected parvovirus samples, 21 faecal samples from apparently healthy dogs were tested in three diagnostic tests to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the tests. The antigen test was positive in 41.2% of vaccinated dogs and 73.2% of unvaccinated diseased dogs. Conventional PCR and qPCR were positive for canine parvovirus (CPV) in 82.4% of vaccinated dogs and 92.7% of unvaccinated dogs. CPV type-2c (CPV-2c) was detected in 82.75% of dogs (12 vaccinated and 36 unvaccinated dogs), CPV-2b was detected in 5.17% dogs (one vaccinated and two unvaccinated) and CPV-2a in 1.72% vaccinated dog. Mean Ct values in qPCR for vaccinated dogs were higher than the unvaccinated dogs (p = 0.049), suggesting that vaccinated dogs shed less virus, even in clinical forms of CPV. CPV-2c was the dominant subtype infecting dogs in both vaccinated and unvaccinated cases. Faecal antigen testing failed to identify a substantial proportion of CPV-2c infected dogs, likely due to low sensitivity. The faecal samples from apparently healthy dogs (n = 21) showed negative results in all three tests. Negative CPV faecal antigen results should be viewed with caution until they are confirmed by molecular methods.

Download Full-text

The detection of canine parvovirus type 2c of Asian origin in dogs in Romania evidenced its progressive worldwide diffusion

BMC Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s12917-021-02918-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Andrea Balboni ◽

Mihaela Niculae ◽

Serena Di Vito ◽

Lorenza Urbani ◽

Alessia Terrusi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Acute Gastroenteritis ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Canine Parvovirus ◽

Amino Acid Residues ◽

Asian Origin ◽

Vp2 Gene ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

Canine Population ◽

Pcr Targeting

Abstract Background Canine parvovirus (CPV) is one of the most important pathogens of dogs. Despite vaccination, CPV infections are still ubiquitous in dogs, and the three antigenic variants 2a, 2b and 2c are variously distributed in the canine population worldwide. To date, no information is available on CPV variants circulating in some European countries. The aim of this study was to genetically characterise the CPV detected in ten dogs with clinical signs of acute gastroenteritis in Romania. The presence of Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 DNA was investigated in faecal samples using an end-point PCR targeting the complete VP2 gene and positive amplicons were sequenced and analysed. Results All ten dogs with acute gastroenteritis tested positive to Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 DNA in faecal samples. The identified viruses belonged to CPV-2c type, showed identical sequences of the VP2 gene and were characterised by distinctive amino acid residues in the deduced VP2 protein: 5-glicine (5Gly), 267-tirosine (267Tyr), 324-isoleucine (324Ile) and 370-arginine (370Arg). These distinctive amino acid residues have already been reported in CPV-2c widespread in Asia and occasionally detected in Italy and Nigeria. Conclusions Since CPV-2c with VP2 amino acid residues 5Gly, 267Tyr, 324Ile and 370Arg were never reported before 2013, it can be assumed that this virus is progressively expanding its spread in the world dog population. This study adds new data about the presence of this new virus in Europe and underline worrying questions about its potential impact on the health of the canine population.

Download Full-text

Improving comparability of studies using HCoV-OC43 as a surrogate for SARS-CoV-2

10.1101/2021.07.14.452401 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Erin E. Schirtzinger ◽

Yunjeong Kim ◽

A. Sally Davis

Keyword(s):

Cell Lines ◽

Cytopathic Effect ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Plaque Assay ◽

Growth Curves ◽

Lung Fibroblasts ◽

African Green Monkey Kidney ◽

Study Results ◽

Intact Virus ◽

Peak Titer

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has renewed interest in human coronaviruses that cause the common cold, particularly as research with them at biosafety level (BSL)-2 avoids the added costs and biosafety concerns that accompany work with SARS-COV-2, BSL-3 research. One of these, human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43), is a well-matched surrogate for SARS-CoV-2 because it is also a Betacoronavirus, targets the human respiratory system, is transmitted via respiratory aerosols and droplets and is relatively resistant to disinfectants. Unfortunately, growth of HCoV-OC43 in the recommended human colon cancer (HRT-18) cells does not produce obvious cytopathic effect (CPE) and its titration in these cells requires expensive antibody-based detection. Consequently, multiple quantification approaches for HCoV-OC43 using alternative cell lines exist, which complicates comparison of research results. Hence, we investigated the basic growth parameters of HCoV-OC43 infection in three of these cell lines (HRT-18, human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5) and African green monkey kidney (Vero E6) cells) including the differential development of cytopathic effect (CPE) and explored reducing the cost, time and complexity of antibody-based detection assay. Multi-step growth curves were conducted in each cell type in triplicate at a multiplicity of infection of 0.1 with daily sampling for seven days. Samples were quantified by tissue culture infectious dose50(TCID50)/ml or plaque assay (cell line dependent) and additionally analyzed on the Sartorius Virus Counter 3100 (VC), which uses flow virometry to count the total number of intact virus particles in a sample. We improved the reproducibility of a previously described antibody-based detection based TCID50 assay by identifying commercial sources for antibodies, decreasing antibody concentrations and simplifying the detection process. The growth curves demonstrated that HCoV-O43 grown in MRC-5 cells reached a peak titer of ~107 plaque forming units/ml at two days post infection (dpi). In contrast, HCoV-OC43 grown on HRT-18 cells required six days to reach a peak titer of ~106.5 TCID50/ml. HCoV-OC43 produced CPE in Vero E6 cells but these growth curve samples failed to produce CPE in a plaque assay after four days. Analysis of the VC data in combination with plaque and TCID50 assays together revealed that the defective:infectious virion ratio of MRC-5 propagated HCoV-OC43 was less than 3:1 for 1-6 dpi while HCoV-OC43 propagated in HRT-18 cells varied from 41:1 at 1 dpi, to 329:4 at 4 dpi to 94:1 at 7 dpi. These results should enable better comparison of extant HCoV-OC43 study results and prompt further standardization efforts.

Download Full-text

Clinical Profile and Feto-Maternal Outcome of Preterm Prelabour Rupture of The Membrane in a Tertiary Level Hospital

KYAMC Journal ◽

10.3329/kyamcj.v12i3.56560 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 166-171

Author(s):

Sanjida Hossain ◽

Syeda Sharmin Sultana ◽

Joyti Rani Biswas ◽

Mosammat Salma Noor ◽

Sharmin Farzana

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Clinical Profile ◽

Fetal Membrane ◽

Weight Category ◽

Study Results ◽

History Of ◽

Study Population ◽

The Mean

Background: The rupture of fetal membrane before onset of labour at less than 37 completed weeks of gestation. Incidence of Preterm prelabour rupture of membrane (PPROM) ranges from 3.0-10.0% of all deliveries and causes around 25-30% of all preterm deliveries. Objective: To see the clinical profile, maternal and fetal outcome of preterm prelabour rupture of the membrane. Materials and Methods: One hundred fifteen pregnant women with 28-37 weeks of gestation and diagnosed as PPROM admitted in different units selected by purposive sampling, fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled as study population in this study. Results: The mean age was 24.65(±3.68) years. Majority (75.65%) were primi para. The mean gestational age was 32.34(±2.86) weeks, 79.13% had gestational age between 30-36 weeks and 20.87% had up to 30 wks. The common risk factors of the study population were history of coitus, CPD, infection and history of abortion which were 42.61%, 9.57%, 5.22% and 4.35% respectively. Majority 55.65% women had vaginal delivery, 44.35% had caesarian section. Majority of the babies born to PPROM group were in the very low birth weight category (53 cases 62.3%), whereas only 32 cases (37.6%) were of normal birth weight. Infection and perinatal mortality was significantly associated with PPROM. Conclusion: PPROM can be prevented avoiding the certain risk factors by proper ante natal checkup, strict follow up, good obstetrical care and perinatal care , making mass awareness of the sequele. KYAMC Journal. 2021;12(3): 166-171

Download Full-text

Frequency of Anticardiolipin Antibodies in Women with Recurrent Fetal Loss

10.53350/pjmhs2115123227 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. 3227-3229

Author(s):

Nazia Farooq ◽

Ahmad Naeem Akhtar ◽

Muhammad Rizwan ◽

Hira Tariq ◽

Anam Tariq ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fetal Loss ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Anticardiolipin Antibodies ◽

Recurrent Miscarriages ◽

Recurrent Fetal Loss ◽

Physical Trauma ◽

Study Results ◽

History Of ◽

The Mean ◽

One Year

Aim: To find out the frequency of Anticardiolipin Antibodies in women with recurrent fetal loss Study design & duration: One year descriptive study Methods: Seventy five females were included in the study with ages ranging from 20-40 years with minimum two miscarriages. Diabetic females and females with history of bacterial or viral diseases were excluded from the study. Results: In this group the mean age was 27.60±3.29 years. Mean number of fetal losses was 2.95±1.45 whereas mean duration of marriage was 5.79±4.11 years. Conclusion: It is suggested that the patient with history of recurrent miscarriages must be screened for Anticardiolipin Antibodies to bring them out of psychological and physical trauma. Keywords: Anticardiolipin Antibodies (aCL), Recurrent fetal loss (RFL), aPTT

Download Full-text

The clinical features and outcomes of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome

10.21203/rs.3.rs-163752/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shin Yeop Oh

Keyword(s):

Optic Nerve ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Medical Records ◽

Facial Nerve Palsy ◽

Ocular Motor ◽

Hunt Syndrome ◽

Study Results ◽

History Of ◽

The Mean

Abstract Background The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical features and outcomes of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (THS). Methods A retrospective review of the medical records was performed on patients with THS between March 2016 and January 2020. A total of eleven patients fulfilling the ICHD-3 beta diagnostic criteria for THS were included in this study. Results The average age of the patients with THS was 57.18 ± 13.56 years and the mean duration of recovery was 26.91 ± 24.35 days. All nine patients had orbital or periorbital pain as the first symptom followed by diplopia. Ptosis was found in five patients (45.45%) in the involved eye. Sixth cranial nerve (CN) palsy was most common (eight cases, 72.73%), followed by third and fourth CN palsy (five cases, 45.45%, respectively), optic nerve (two cases, 18.18%), and trigeminal nerve and facial nerve palsy (one case, 9.09%, respectively). One patient with optic nerve (ON) involvement failed to recover visual acuity and the other ten patients completely recovered their ocular motor limitation. All patients were initially treated with steroids. One patient relapsed after five weeks and one patient had a history of THS five years earlier. Conclusions THS responded well to steroid treatment, but if it was accompanied by ON involvement, follow-up with active treatment was important.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of Normal Tension Glaucoma (NTG) in Peshawar

10.53350/pjmhs211592260 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (9) ◽

pp. 2260-2261

Author(s):

Sajjad Mohammad ◽

Imran Khan ◽

Muhammad Faiq Nisar ◽

Ossama Ali Khan ◽

Amir Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Open Angle Glaucoma ◽

Positive Family History ◽

Normal Tension Glaucoma ◽

Open Angle ◽

Study Results ◽

Department Of Ophthalmology ◽

History Of ◽

The Mean

Aim: Prevalence of Open angle glaucoma with normal intraocular pressure in Peshawar Methodology: It is a cross sectional study. It is done at Physiology Department, Khyber Medical College, Peshawar in collaboration with Ophthalmology deptt. Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar Study period: six months Sample size: 394 cases attended the department of Ophthalmology, Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar. Out of 394 patients, 100 patients were included in this study. Results: There were 33(33%) males and 67(67%) females in the study. There were 27(27%) patients lying in the age range of 35-45 years, 46(46%) were in 46-55 years and 27 (27%) patients of 56-65 years. The mean age of patients was 51.21±8.12. All patients were with normal tension glaucoma. There were 29(29%) cases who had a positive family history of glaucoma. The “mean IOP” of the eye on the right side was 17.15±1.78mmHg and the “mean IOP” of the eye on the left side was 17.30±1.94mmHg. Conclusion: Prevalence of normal tension glaucoma (NTG) was 25.4% in Peshawar and its surroundings. Most of the patients were elderly females and 29 (29%) cases had a positive family history of glaucoma. Keywords: Open angle glaucoma, normal tension glaucoma, prevalence

Download Full-text