Characteristics and prediction of subclinical hypocalcemia in dairy cows during the transition period using blood analytes

This study aimed to present the characteristics of and to predict subclinical hypocalcemia in dairy cows during the transition period using blood analytes. We examined fluctuations in plasma calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), bone metabolic markers carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), fibroblast growth factor (FGF23), 1,25(OH)2D3, parathyroid hormone, and other blood biochemical analytes from prepartum week 2 to postpartum day 14 in 116 multiparous high-producing Holstein cows from a free-stall barn dairy farm. With a plasma concentration of Ca <2.0 mmol/L as a criterion for the diagnosis of subclinical hypocalcemia, 64 cows were classified as normocalcemic, and 52 cows as subclinically hypocalcemic. Among the 52 hypocalcemic cows, 50 were detected on postpartum days 1 or 3, and 2 on postpartum day. The subclinically hypocalcemic cows were in a state of low bone turnover in the prepartum period, with low plasma concentrations of Ca and CTX. The subclinically hypocalcemic cows showed signs of a P regulation disorder in the prepartum period. This was marked by high plasma concentrations of P and low concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3 and FGF23, which is also considered to be the cause of the low bone turnover. The results of a multiple logistic regression model showed that prepartum plasma concentrations of FGF23, CTX, and Ca were ideal predictors of postpartum subclinical hypocalcemia in dairy cows, using the model equation 38.8-0.052*FGF23-0.492*CTX-10.645*Ca, with a score of > 0 considered as an indication of increased risk of subclinical hypocalcemia after calving. The scoring rule had an accuracy of 79.3%, sensitivity of 76.9%, and specificity of 81.3%. The plasma concentrations of FGF23, CTX, and Ca were ideal predictors of postpartum subclinical hypocalcemia in dairy cows.

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In Men With Obesity, T2DM Is Associated With Poor Trabecular Microarchitecture and Bone Strength, and Low Bone Turnover

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgab061 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Francesca Vigevano ◽

Giulia Gregori ◽

Georgia Colleluori ◽

Rui Chen ◽

Vimlin Autemrongsawat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Turnover ◽

Bone Strength ◽

Type I Collagen ◽

Failure Load ◽

Bone Microarchitecture ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Type I ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Trabecular Microarchitecture ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Introduction Obesity and type 2 Diabetes (T2D) are both associated with greater bone mineral density (BMD) but increased risk of fractures. The effect of the combination of both conditions on bone metabolism, microarchitecture and strength in the obese population remains unknown. Methods Data from 112 obese men were collected. Bone turnover and biochemical markers were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), body composition and BMD at all sites were assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), whereas bone microarchitecture and strength (stiffness and failure load) were measured by high-resolution peripheral computed tomography (HR-pQCT). Data were compared among metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUHO) with and without T2D and between obese without and with T2D. Results Compared to MHO and MUHO without T2D, MUHO with T2D had significantly lower levels of osteocalcin ((7.49±3.0 and 6.03±2.47, vs 4.24±2.72 ng/ml, respectively, p=0.003) and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx) (0.28±0.10 and 0.29±0.13 vs. 0.21±0.15 ng/ml, respectively, p=0.02). Dividing our subjects simply into those with and without T2D showed that obese men with T2D had significantly lower levels of osteocalcin (p=0.003) and CTx (p=0.005), greater trabecular separation at the tibia and radius (p=0.03 and p=0.04, respectively) and lower tibial failure load and stiffness (both p=0.04), relative to obese men without T2D. Conclusion In men, the combination of obesity and T2D is associated with reduced bone turnover, poorer trabecular bone microarchitecture and bone strength compared to those who are obese but without T2D suggesting worse bone disease.

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Effects of different vibration frequencies on muscle strength, bone turnover and walking endurance in chronic stroke

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-80526-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zhenhui Yang ◽

Tiev Miller ◽

Zou Xiang ◽

Marco Y. C. Pang

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Bone Turnover ◽

Intervention Program ◽

Type I Collagen ◽

Chronic Stroke ◽

Medium Effect ◽

Whole Body ◽

Type I ◽

Leg Muscle ◽

Walking Endurance

AbstractThis randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effects of different whole body vibration (WBV) frequencies on concentric and eccentric leg muscle strength, bone turnover and walking endurance after stroke. The study involved eighty-four individuals with chronic stroke (mean age = 59.7 years, SD = 6.5) with mild to moderate motor impairment (Fugl-Meyer Assessment lower limb motor score: mean = 24.0, SD = 3.5) randomly assigned to either a 20 Hz or 30 Hz WBV intervention program. Both programs involved 3 training sessions per week for 8 weeks. Isokinetic knee concentric and eccentric extension strength, serum level of cross-linked N-telopeptides of type I collagen (NTx), and walking endurance (6-min walk test; 6MWT) were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. An intention-to-treat analysis revealed a significant time effect for all muscle strength outcomes and NTx, but not for 6MWT. The time-by-group interaction was only significant for the paretic eccentric knee extensor work, with a medium effect size (0.44; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.87). Both WBV protocols were effective in improving leg muscle strength and reducing bone resorption. Comparatively greater improvement in paretic eccentric leg strength was observed for the 30 Hz protocol.

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Serum levels of bone formation and resorption markers in relation to vitamin D status in professional gymnastics and physically active men during upper and lower body high-intensity exercise

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition ◽

10.1186/s12970-021-00430-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jan Mieszkowski ◽

Andrzej Kochanowicz ◽

Elżbieta Piskorska ◽

Bartłomiej Niespodziński ◽

Joanna Siódmiak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Bone Formation ◽

Bone Turnover ◽

Bone Turnover Markers ◽

Type I Collagen ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Type I ◽

Vitamin D Metabolites ◽

Physically Active ◽

Turnover Markers

Abstract Purpose/introduction To compare serum levels of bone turnover markers in athletes and non-athletes, and to evaluate the relationship between serum levels of vitamin D metabolites and exercise-induced changes in biomarker levels. Methods Sixteen elite male artistic gymnasts (EG; 21.4 ± 0.8 years-old) and 16 physically active men (the control group, PAM; 20.9 ± 1.2 years-old) performed lower and upper body 30-s Wingate anaerobic tests (LBWT and UBWT, respectively). For biomarker analysis, blood samples were collected before, and 5 and 30 min after exercise. Samples for vitamin D levels were collected before exercise. N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (PINP) was analysed as a marker of bone formation. C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) was analysed as a marker of bone resorption. Results UBWT fitness readings were better in the EG group than in the PAM group, with no difference in LBWT readings between the groups. UBWT mean power was 8.8% higher in subjects with 25(OH)D3 levels over 22.50 ng/ml and in those with 24,25(OH)2D3 levels over 1.27 ng/ml. Serum CTX levels increased after both tests in the PAM group, with no change in the EG group. PINP levels did not change in either group; however, in PAM subjects with 25(OH)D3 levels above the median, they were higher than those in EG subjects. Conclusion Vitamin D metabolites affect the anaerobic performance and bone turnover markers at rest and after exercise. Further, adaptation to physical activity modulates the effect of anaerobic exercise on bone metabolism markers.

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Diurnal Rhythms of Bone Turnover Markers in Three Ethnic Groups

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2016-1183 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 101 (8) ◽

pp. 3222-3230 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Jean Redmond ◽

Anthony J. Fulford ◽

Landing Jarjou ◽

Bo Zhou ◽

Ann Prentice ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Turnover ◽

Bone Metabolism ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Bone Turnover Markers ◽

Type I Collagen ◽

Diurnal Rhythms ◽

Type I ◽

Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽

1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽

Turnover Markers

Context: Ethnic groups differ in fragility fracture risk and bone metabolism. Differences in diurnal rhythms (DRs) of bone turnover and PTH may play a role. Objective: We investigated the DRs of plasma bone turnover markers (BTMs), PTH, and 1,25(OH)2D in three groups with pronounced differences in bone metabolism and plasma PTH. Participants: Healthy Gambian, Chinese, and white British adults (ages 60–75 years; 30 per country). Interventions: Observational study with sample collection every 4 hours for 24 hours. Main Outcomes: Levels of plasma C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, procollagen type-1 N-propeptide, N-mid osteocalcin, bone alkaline phosphatase, PTH, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were measured. DRs were analyzed with random-effects Fourier regression and cross-correlation and regression analyses to assess associations between DRs and fasting and 24-hour means of BTMs and PTH. Results: Concentrations of BTMs, PTH, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were higher in Gambians compared to other groups (P < .05). The DRs were significant for all variables and groups (P < .03) and were unimodal, with a nocturnal peak and a daytime nadir for BTMs, whereas PTH had two peaks. The DRs of BTMs and PTH were significantly cross-correlated for all groups (P < .05). There was a significant positive association between C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen and PTH in the British and Gambian groups (P = .03), but not the Chinese group. Conclusions: Despite ethnic differences in plasma BTMs and PTH, DRs were similar. This indicates that alteration of rhythmicity and loss of coupling of bone resorption and formation associated with an elevated PTH in other studies may not uniformly occur across different populations and needs to be considered in the interpretation of PTH as a risk factor of increased bone loss.

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Chinese Bone Turnover Marker Study: Reference Ranges for C-Terminal Telopeptide of Type I Collagen and Procollagen I N-Terminal Peptide by Age and Gender

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0103841 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. e103841 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Mei Li ◽

Yan Li ◽

Weimin Deng ◽

Zhenlin Zhang ◽

Zhongliang Deng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Turnover ◽

Type I Collagen ◽

Bone Turnover Marker ◽

Type I ◽

Reference Ranges ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Marker Study ◽

And Gender

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Carotid intima-media thickness and bone turnover: the role of C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen

Internal and Emergency Medicine ◽

10.1007/s11739-010-0356-y ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 127-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Christian Leli ◽

Leonella Pasqualini ◽

Gaetano Vaudo ◽

Stefano Gaggioli ◽

Anna Maria Scarponi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Turnover ◽

Type I Collagen ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽

Type I ◽

Media Thickness

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Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the α2 Gene Define Multiple Alleles That Are Associated With Differences in Platelet α2β1 Density

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v92.7.2382.2382_2382_2388 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 92 (7) ◽

pp. 2382-2388 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Marcie Kritzik ◽

Brian Savage ◽

Diane J. Nugent ◽

Sentot Santoso ◽

Zaverio M. Ruggeri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Whole Blood ◽

Type I Collagen ◽

Type I ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Coding Region ◽

Platelet Surface ◽

Multiple Alleles ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Allelic Differences

Three allelic differences in the α2 gene are associated with expression levels of the α2β1 integrin on the platelet surface. We have previously defined two linked silent polymorphisms in the α2 gene coding region at nucleotides 807 (C or T) and 873 (G or A). We have now identified one rarer nucleotide polymorphism in the coding region at nucleotide 837 (T or C) and four additional linked polymorphisms within the introns that flank these coding sequences. Moreover, we have determined that the alloantigenic Br polymorphism, which resides in a distal coding region at nucleotide 1648, is also linked to the 837 polymorphism. Thus, three α2 gene alleles, defined by eight nucleotide polymorphisms, have now been discovered. Allele 1 (807T/837T/873A/Brb) is associated with increased levels of α2β1; allele 2 (807C/837T/873G/Brb) and allele 3 (807C/837C/873G/Bra) are each associated with lower levels of α2β1. Finally, we also show here that the rate of platelet attachment to type I collagen in whole blood under conditions of high shear rate (1,500/s) is proportional to the density of α2β1 receptors on the platelet surface. Thus, the density of platelet α2β1 could have an important impact on platelet adhesion to collagen in whole blood and therefore on platelet function in vivo, contributing to an increased risk of thrombosis or to bleeding in relevant disease states.

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The effects of a low-sodium base-producing diet including red meat compared with a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet on bone turnover markers in women aged 45–75 years

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114509371731 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 102 (8) ◽

pp. 1161-1170 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Caryl A. Nowson ◽

Annabelle Patchett ◽

Naiyana Wattanapenpaiboon

Keyword(s):

Bone Turnover ◽

Type I Collagen ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Red Meat ◽

Type I ◽

Low Fat ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

High Carbohydrate ◽

Type I Procollagen ◽

Acid Load

A randomised, parallel-design dietary intervention study was conducted in women (aged 45–75 years) with prehypertension or stage 1 hypertension. The aim was to compare the effects on bone turnover of a low-Na base-producing (LNAB) Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-type diet (including six serves lean red meat/week) with a high-carbohydrate low-fat (HCLF) diet with a higher acid load (both >800 mg dietary Ca/d). Fasting serum bone markers (baseline and week 14) and 24 h urinary electrolyte excretion (baseline, weeks 4, 8, 12 and 14) were measured. After the intervention period, the LNAB group (n 46) had a fall of 26 (sem 6) % (P < 0·0001) in urinary Na, an increase in K excretion (6·8 (sem 3·6) mmol/d; P = 0·07) and, compared with the HCLF group (n 49), a greater reduction in urinary Ca excretion by 0·7 (sem 0·3) mmol/d. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, intact parathyroid hormone and osteocalcin did not change, and both groups had a similar increase of 23 (sem 5) % (P < 0·0001) in C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen. The HCLF group had an 11 (sem 4) % increase (P = 0·003) in N-terminal propeptide, type I procollagen, which could indicate an increased rate of bone turnover. The fall in urinary Ca with the lower-Na lower-acid load diet is likely to have long-term beneficial effects on bone. As bone resorption was not different between the two dietary patterns with relatively high Ca intake, the effect on bone health of a dietary pattern with a lower acid load warrants further study on a lower Ca intake.

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Severely restricting energy intake for 24 h does not affect markers of bone metabolism at rest or in response to re-feeding

European Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1007/s00394-020-02186-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 59 (8) ◽

pp. 3527-3535

Author(s):

David J. Clayton ◽

Lewis J. James ◽

Craig Sale ◽

Iain Templeman ◽

James A. Betts ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Metabolism ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Type I Collagen ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Energy Restriction ◽

Type I ◽

Procollagen Type ◽

Markers Of Bone Turnover ◽

Ad Libitum

Abstract Purpose Intermittent energy restriction commonly refers to ad libitum energy intake punctuated with 24 h periods of severe energy restriction. This can improve markers of metabolic health but the effects on bone metabolism are unknown. This study assessed how 24 h severe energy restriction and subsequent refeeding affected markers of bone turnover. Methods In a randomised order, 16 lean men and women completed 2, 48 h trials over 3 days. On day 1, participants consumed a 24 h diet providing 100% [EB: 9.27 (1.43) MJ] or 25% [ER: 2.33 (0.34) MJ] of estimated energy requirements. On day 2, participants consumed a standardised breakfast (08:00), followed by an ad libitum lunch (12:00) and dinner (19:30). Participants then fasted overnight, returning on day 3. Plasma concentrations of C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were assessed as indices of bone metabolism after an overnight fast on days 1–3, and for 4 h after breakfast on day 2. Results There were no differences between trials in fasting concentrations of CTX, P1NP or PTH on days 1–3 (P > 0.512). During both trials, consuming breakfast reduced CTX between 1 and 4 h (P < 0.001) and PTH between 1 and 2 h (P < 0.05), but did not affect P1NP (P = 0.773) Postprandial responses for CTX (P = 0.157), P1NP (P = 0.148) and PTH (P = 0.575) were not different between trials. Ad libitum energy intake on day 2 was greater on ER [12.62 (2.46) MJ] than EB [11.91 (2.49) MJ]. Conclusions Twenty-four hour severe energy restriction does not affect markers of bone metabolism.

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