Some issues and challenges to women’s development and empowerment in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rekha Pande
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Child Gender ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Cultural Aspects

The present paper looks at the history of development and empowerment and discusses the impediments to development and empowerment in India. It focuses on the three major issues in India today, namely, the attitude towards, Girl child, Gender violence and Globalization, which have to be dealt with as a priority in bringing out the development and empowerment of women in the present era. If we look back into the history about the discussions and debates related to the issue of development and empowerment, we can see some broad trends. The whole debate on development states that there were number of women who organized and mobilizing around the globe for their rights. The development planners and policy makers did not have any interaction with these groups and they considered feminism as irrelevant to development and it was viewed as a luxury for the better of women in the industrialized countries. Hence, the first stage, main stream development models gave rise to jargons like, “basic human needs”, “meeting the needs of the poorest of poor”, “growth with equity”. This phase viewed development as an administrative problem whose solution lay in transferring vast amount of resources and technological innovations from rich to poor countries. As compensation to this followed, integrating women into the development process. Education and employment as a means of income generation became indicators of women’s involvement in the development process, but again under this phase a large chunk of rural women were left behind. Today women have addressed the question of development from a feminist perspective. They have raised important questions on issues of child care, reproductive rights, violence against women, family planning, transfer of technology and rural development and given the concept of development a new meaning. If development leads only to an increase in production, then it tends to reinforce and exaggerate the imbalances and inequalities within and in between societies. Development has to be an integral process with economic, social and cultural aspects leading to the control of one’s life situation.

Rural Dalit Women Entrepreneurs and Development Scenario: A Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaldass M. ◽  
Neema Gnanadev
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Dalit Women ◽  
Integral Development ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
The Hill ◽  
The Village

Pandit Nehru affirmed that women development/ empowerment is the basis for the substantial growth of a family, a village, or a nation. Development/upliftment of women is an essential ingredient of human development. Entrepreneurship development among the rural women folk would strengthen the village economy and promote regional development. The women entrepreneurs have proved that there is a source of immense untapped power in the womanhood of India (Margaret, 1992). Women undoubtedly are the backbone of the socio-economic-cultural aspects in the hill scenario. The subsistence agriculture which leads to low and unstable incomes, which in turn lead to a sizeable out-migration of male members that leads to only women headed families behind, and the role of women in the household economy becomes more important (Rawat, 2004). In the midst of limited opportunities, tough terrains and lack of resources, the contribution of women entrepreneurs to the society is enormous. An attempt was made to highlight the strategies and development aspects of rural women entrepreneurs in Almora district. Entrepreneurs who are engaged in self-employment and innovative entrepreneurial activities were selected for the study. A total of 50 samples were selected and the data were collected through interviews and focus groups. The study reveals various aspects related to rural women entrepreneurship and constraints that need attention so to empower women in their efforts toward integral development.

Governance of Development Assistance: Issues and Challenges

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-264
Author(s):  
Navreet Kaur ◽  
Lhoukhokai Sitlhou
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Development Assistance ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Disaster Assistance ◽  
Governance Practices ◽  
Bilateral Assistance ◽  
Rich Countries

Good governance emphasises upon efficient and effective institutional mechanism, greater transparency, people’s participation, citizen-centric services and accountability. These reforms are not only limited to national governance practices but also applicable to distribution, disbursement and effectiveness of development assistance. The objective of development assistance is to provide opportunities to needy, deprived and disadvantageous sections of the society. The available data on development assistance clearly demonstrate that rich countries, Development Assistance Countries (DACs) provide financial assistance to poor countries and it has reached US$100 billion in recent years. Non-DAC bilateral assistance (NDBA) is more than US$8 billion in Office of Disaster Assistance (ODA) and US$5 billion annually in country programmable aid (CPA). Private aid (PrA) from DAC members contribute between US$58 billion and 68 billion per year. Total aid flows to developing countries currently amount to around US$180 billion annually. Multilateral aid agencies (around 230) outnumber donors and recipients combined. But the harsh reality is high percentage of illiteracy, high child mortality, gender inequality, prevalence of corruption and exclusion of needy people from the development process. The examination of the process and procedures involved in development process revealed that there are many challenges in the process adopted for allocation, methodological limitations, evaluation limitation, lack of coordination among multiple agencies, political compulsions of donor and recipient countries, transparency, accountability and multidimensional global financial markets compulsions. Certain measures can make development more inclusive and sustainable. Collective efforts of all agencies are the need of the hour to achieve the targets of sustainable development. Coordination among multiple agencies, capacity building of target population and involvement of private agencies in the development process will pave the way for sustainable development.

scholarly journals Assessing market-based conservation governance approaches: a socio-economic profile of Indonesian markets for wild birds

Oryx ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Jepson ◽  
Richard J. Ladle ◽  
Sujatnika
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Conservation Governance

AbstractOne of the most difficult situations for conservation is where state capacity to regulate is weak, major corporate organizations are absent, and the population does not have a strong culture of wildlife conservation. All these apply to the hugely popular urban Indonesian pastime of keeping wild songbirds, thought to be responsible for rolling local extinctions of several native species. In such situations the introduction of a voluntary, market-based approach could interact with regulation to create new and more effective approaches to reducing the negative conservation impacts of the associated trade. Here we assess the potential of such an approach through an in-depth analysis of the socio-economic and cultural aspects of bird keeping. We project that overall the pastime contributes USD 78.8 million to the economies of the six cities surveyed, supporting a range of associated small-scale rural and urban livelihoods relating to the production of cages and collection of live bird food. Finally, we describe five general bird-breeding models with the capacity to scale up the production of captive-bred birds that may substitute for wild-caught conspecifics. Based on this information we argue that a market-based policy instrument that is capable of shifting bird-keeping trends from wild-caught birds to captive-bred alternatives would align easily with macro-policy agendas in Indonesia relating to pro-poor growth and the creation of more and better jobs. Such a policy instrument could provide exciting opportunities for conservationists to engage the interest and support of non-conservation sectors in Indonesia in efforts to conserve diminishing populations of wild birds.

scholarly journals The legacy of building in the mountain. A report from the Grisons

ARCHALP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordian Blumenthal ◽  
Ramun Capaul
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Space Planning ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Alps ◽  
The Many

“In the Alps, the cultural landscape changes with the way people live and act. Social structures and economic conditions shape human needs and define the appearance of the territory and landscape, contributing to the development of specific settlement and housing models, in close relationship with the place. The local typology and construction technologies, developed throughout the history, thus embody the responses to the particular local housing needs, characterizing the places according to different cultural influences. These conditions, together with the influences of the environmental and natural context, as well as the cultural aspects linked to the traditions of the local communities, today are still distinctive elements of the characterization of the villages and mountain valleys. The essay, starting from design experiences conducted personally by the architects in their region of origin – the Grisons – explores the many suggestions that the “legacy” of the different ways of building in the mountains offered for their design work. From space planning to materials, from construction solutions to typology, the architectural projects of Capaul & Blumenthal, both in the case of the recovery of the existing heritage and in the case of new buildings, seem to move from a clever re-interpretation of the complex heritage that combines savoir faire, knowledge, inspirations and materials, to seek careful answers to the current problems of the Alpine world.”

Brain Drain Controversy and African Scholars

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Man Singh Das
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Asian Student ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World

The phenomenon popularly known as brain drain has attracted growing concern in the United States and abroad (Tulsa Daily World, 1967; Committee on Manpower... 1967; Asian Student, 1968a: 3; 1968b: 1; 1969: 3; Institute of Applied Manpower . . . 1968; U. S. Congress, 1968; Gardiner, 1968: 194-202; Bechhofer, 1969: 1-71; Committee on the International Migration . . . 1970). The notion has been expressed that the poor countries of the world are being deprived of their talent and robbed of their human resources by the exchange of scholars and students which goes on between nations (U.S. Congress, 1968: 16-25; Mondale, 1967a: 24-6; 1967b: 67-9). Implicit is the idea that many students from these less developed countries go to the more highly developed and industrialized countries for study and decide not to return to their homeland.

Globalization and Localization in Online Settings

2019 ◽  
pp. 168-191
Author(s):  
Lesley S. J. Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Needs Assessment ◽  
Soft Skills ◽  
Literacy Learning ◽  
Declarative Knowledge ◽  
Student Interaction ◽  
Ict Literacy ◽  
Language Resources ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Basic Human Needs

In designing online instruction, increasingly educators need to consider cultural aspects of the educational philosophy, concepts, language, resources, teaching strategies, ICT literacy, learning activities, and student interaction. These elements largely depend on the learning outcomes and the learners' situation. While some factors are universal, such as declarative knowledge and basic human needs, others are much more culturally defined, such as “soft” skills and prior educational experience. This chapter focuses on evaluating the need for globalizing or localizing resources and experiences based on needs assessment. It also gives strategies on ways to globalize or localize these resources and experiences.

Making Money Saving Lives: Social Marketing Spurs the Private Sector Overseas

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Philip D. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Market Research ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Advertising Agencies ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Contraceptive Services

Social marketing programs that market and distribute subsidized contraceptives in developing countries do not make money, nor are they intended to. Indeed, attempts to make them profitable have generally undermined the effectiveness of such programs, particularly in very poor countries (Harvey, 1999, pp. 213-225). The purpose of such programs is to make contraceptives available to even the lowest-income people in developing country markets and, as such, subsidization of overall project activities will always be required. Indeed, contraceptive services, along with health services in general, are subsidized for low-income people in industrialized countries, leading one expert to suggest that it is “patently absurd” to withdraw contraceptive subsidies “for people who struggle to survive on a dollar a day” (The Lancet Eds., 1990, p. 659). However, there are numerous parties involved in contraceptive social marketing (CSM) projects in the countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin American that do make money from their role in social marketing, and these businesses and entrepreneurs benefit significantly from the parts they play. Such private businesses include, most prominently, advertising agencies, product distribution firms, market research firms, and ancillary businesses like vehicle manufacturers and importers, makers of promotional paraphernalia - from calendars to pens to T-shirts, and others.

The Role of Trade in Economic Development

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaiah Frank
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Effective Instrument ◽  
First Time

The key role of trade in the development process is widely accepted today. Two recent events, both relating to international organizations, underscore this acceptance. One was the convening in 1964 of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and its establishment as a permanent organ of the UN system. Under UNCTAD's aegis a continuing examination is being conducted as to ways of reshaping world trade policies in the interests of the developing countries. The other event was the adoption early the following year of a new set of articles on trade and development in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). In the new articles recognition of the role of exports in economic development was established for the first time in the text of the GATT itself, and a constitutional basis was provided for GATT's many activities designed to promote the exports of developing countries. Elsewhere in this volume are essays evaluating the contributions of UNCTAD and GATT toward the promotion of development in the world's poor countries. In this essay I will rather explore more generally the relation between international trade and economic development and discuss some of the problems that have arisen in the effort to make trade a more effective instrument of development.

scholarly journals CYCLE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS IMPROVEMENT IN EXTRACTION LEVEL ON PRODUCTION PLAN UNDERGROUND GRASBERG BLOCK CAVE (GBC) AT PT.FREEPORT INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Jeffryson Munsaki Rumbewas ◽  
Akbar Adhiutama
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Underground Mine ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Production Plan ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Accessible Information ◽  
Share Data ◽  
Operational Development

Abstract:. Development is a process of making aperture (tunnel) is done by dismantling (excavation) both manually and mechanically. The results to be obtained that is in the form of opening holes according to Grasberg Block Cave (GBC Mine) production plan based on the purpose of the open pit function. Propose is done to support other fix facility in order to support the Production Plan in 2018. Completion of a hole openings (Tunnel) with the rule that is a continuous stage (cycle development) that there must be a good control system of development process. Control that is done design engineering and its application in the field. The fact is that in 2015 - 2016, the target gain is not in line with expectations and causes the meter (d Equivalent meter) of operational development at the extraction level in the GBC Underground mine to decrease by 50 - 55% or about 641 meter up to 1000 meter difference of the second plan of the year.Identification of the current problem is the process of progress of opening aperture that has not reached the target because one of the process in the cycle development of Mucking and Hauling not achieved the target because of some basic things. The minimal information and low support of the reporting system caused some strategic decisions to be delayed and caused simultaneous cycles to experience significant constraints. A centralized and fast-accessible Information System from either input or share data by all stakeholders responsible for operational project development tunnel is very supportive. Good motivation greatly affects the performance of each stakeholder working on the project, so that the appropriate approach according to Human needs can be done in order to increase productivity.Project Management with CPM method as well as Human Resource Management (Motivation application of Abraham Maslow) becomes an option in humanizing according to the Root problem obtained by the Current Reality Tree method. The hope is that the development process runs quickly, safely and safely and operational with little operational expense and minimal repetitiveKeywords: cycle development, production plan, underground mine

scholarly journals PENERAPAN MODEL POLA KESEHATAN FUNGSIONAL GORDON TERHADAP TERIDENTIFIKASINYA MASALAH KEPERAWATAN KOMPREHENSIF PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-263
Author(s):  
Puji Astuti Wiratmo ◽  
Zakiyah ◽  
Sari Narulita
Keyword(s):  
High Stress ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Functional Health ◽  
Nursing Assessment ◽  
Diabetic Ulcer ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Patients Experience

Background: Patient with Diabetes ulcer/gangrene require a long period of treatment so that various nursing problems can arise including physical, psychological, social and spiritual problems related to the patient's response to the  illness. Research conducted by Sofiana, et al (2012) of hospitalized patients with diabetic ulcers at Arifin Ahmad Hospital in Pekan Baru shows the results that more than 50% of patients experience psychosocial problems including low self-esteem, negative body image, negative self-concept, self-ideal irrelevant and high stress levels. Referring to the philosophy of nursing where nursing believes that humans and humanity are the central point of every health care effort and that human is a whole and unique creature of God Almighty that consist of  bio-psycho-socio-spiritual and cultural aspects. Therefore, to be able to carry out their lives, human needs must be met in a balanced way that includes bio-psycho-socio-spiritual and cultural. Objective:The purpose of this study was to identify comprehensive nursing problems in nursing assessment by  the Gordon Functional Health Pattern Model in Diabetic ulcer / gangrene patients. Methods: This is a quantitative descriptive research with survey for the design. 20 Diabetic patient with ulkus or gangrene recruited as the sample though total sampling technique. Results:Based on research conducted on 20 diabetic ulcer / gangrene patients in the medical nursing ward of Budi Asih Regional Hospital found that nursing problems in each of Gordon's functional health patterns can be identified. Conclusion: .Nursing assessment with Gordon's pattern is able to identify the patient's nursing problems comprehensively in the biopsychososiospiritual aspects

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