scholarly journals INTERCONNECTION OF FASHION AND GENDER AS MECHANISMS OF SELF-EXPRESSION AND SELF-IDENTIFICATION IN MODERN SOCIETY

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (48) ◽  
pp. 221-232
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Andreevich Zhukov
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Rich People ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
Gender Characteristics ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Gender System ◽  
Internet Development

Problem setting. The problem is that modern society focuses on politics of multiculturalism and tolerance. The main reason of this tendency is globalization process that grows rapidly because of Internet development. In this situation, we consider that Institute of Culture changed the most. Nowadays, such phenomena as gender and fashion affect our global society more than it was at the past century. Recent research and publications analysis. Separately from gender, phenomenon of fashion have been considered from the 20th century to the present in the works of T. Veblen, G. Simmel, P. Blumer, P. Burdeau, R. Bart, J. Baudrillard. As well as phenomenon of gender considered separately from fashion in the works of E. Durkheim, T. Parsons, K. Bales, R. Connell and I. Goffman. As we can see, nobody from aforementioned didn’t connect fashion and gender in their works, ignoring obvious interconnection of these phenomena. Paper objective. The objective of the article is to identify the interconnection between mechanisms of fashion functioning and gender’s dimension of society that forms gender’s priorities of modern fashion. Paper main body. The classic paradigm of fashion as a socio-cultural phenomenon created by T. Veblen and G. Simmel doesn’t match modern challenges in society. Because of active development of mechanisms such as mass-market and digital technologies we can’t say that modern fashion is only for rich people. That’s why the most appealing concept to us is M. G. Pakhomova’s sight of fashion like “the mirror of epoch that shows us current mood dominating in society, socio-political situation and the level of production’s development”. Considering gender, in this article we focus on the concept of social construction of gender as a certain system of interpersonal actions that create understanding of “masculine” and “feminine” as a social order’s basic categories. Analyzing modern theories of fashion created by H. Blumer, R. Bart, P. Bourdieu and J. Baudrillard we came to idea that gender is an integral part of any fashion tendency. Nowadays, every tendency in fashion forms across mechanism of collective selection that include many social groups. One of these groups will become a referent for an individual. That’s why we should consider that this kind of social group has certain standards broadcasting specific norms and patterns of behavior that unite actors among themselves. Conclusions of the research. Thus, summarizing, we should note that fashion and gender in modern society are interdependent phenomena. Also, fashion includes the tendency for social subjects to demonstrate gender characteristics to some extent, deliberately emphasizing them and giving them the opportunity to realize their identity to the fullest, as they wish. Modern fashion is designed to provide an individual with a variety of choices, aesthetic pleasure, non-standard stylistic solutions, which provokes the individual to actively search for his place in this world and a unique way of socialization. In many ways, all of the above elements add up to a single gender system, which gives us full grounds to synthesize two areas of sociological thought: gender studies and the sociology of fashion.

scholarly journals Adolescent and adult laryngotracheal stenosis: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Johan Klopper ◽  
Oladele Vincent Adeniyi ◽  
Kate Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Laryngotracheal Stenosis ◽  
Airway Protection ◽  
Interventional Pulmonology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Airway Emergency ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Function

Abstract Background The larynx has multiple composite functions which include phonation, airway protection, and sensory control of respiration. Stenosis of the larynx and trachea were first recorded by O’Dwyer in 1885 and by Colles in 1886, respectively. Initially, the aetiology of laryngotracheal stenosis was predominantly infective. Currently, the leading cause is iatrogenic injury to the laryngotracheal complex secondary to prolonged ventilation in an intensive care unit. Main body Laryngotracheal stenosis is a complex and diverse disease. It poses a major challenge to the surgeon and can present as an airway emergency. Management typically demands the combined involvement of various disciplines including otorhinolaryngology, cardiothoracic surgery, anaesthesiology, interventional pulmonology, and radiology. Both the disease and its management can impact upon respiration, voice, and swallowing. The incidence of iatrogenic laryngotracheal stenosis has reflected the evolution of airway and intensive care whilst airway surgery has advanced concurrently over the past century. Correction of laryngotracheal stenosis requires expansion of the airway lumen; this is achieved by either endoscopic or open surgery. We review the relevant basic science, aetiopathogenesis, diagnosis, management, and treatment outcomes of LTS. Conclusion The choice of surgical procedure in the management of laryngotracheal stenosis is often dictated by the individual anatomy and function of the larynx and trachea, together with patient factors and available facilities. Regardless of how the surgeon chooses to approach these lesions, prevention of iatrogenic laryngotracheal damage remains of primary importance.

scholarly journals Cognitive factor of psychological safety: gender aspect

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olesya Bubnovskaya ◽  
◽  
Vitalina Leonidova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Role ◽  
Psychological Safety ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cognitive Component ◽  
The World ◽  
Gender Characteristics ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Basic Beliefs

The relevance of the problem posed in the article is determined by the role of psychological safety in the development of the individual against the background of the growth of securitization in modern society, the need to detect factors affecting it. The purpose of the study is to establish the nature of the relationship between cognitive variables and psychological safety of the individual, considering the gender. According to the hypothesis of the study, gender characteristics of the individual, determining the cognitive component of the individual's attitude to himself and to the world, affect psychological safety. The sample of the study included university students of Vladivostok (n=300, 60 – men, 240 – women, the average age is 19 years). Used methods: “Psychological safety of educational environment” (PSEE)” (Baeva I.A.), “Kiselev’s thermometer” (“gradusnik sostoi͡aniĭ”), (Kiselev Yu.Ya.), “Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI)” (Bem S.), “World assumptions scale” (Yanov-Bulman R.) in the adaptation by Padun M. A., Kotelnikova A.V. with comparative, correlation, regression and factor analysis in the Python. The results show significant correlations between gender and basic beliefs of the individual (p≤0,001), safety of the educational environment, components of psychological safety (p≤0,001); stable influence of masculinity and femininity on the attitude of the individual to the world and to himself, on the components and characteristics of safety (determination coefficients – 0,5-0,6). Based on the study of data on psychological safety and basic beliefs of students, considering their gender traits, conclusions are made about the influence of gender on the cognitive component of safety. In general, gender characteristics and beliefs of an individual are important for psychological safety, although a strict determination was not identified in the study and requires further study. The influence of gender on beliefs about peace and safety is more pronounced in the feminine type than in the masculine type. The sense of safety of a person with feminine traits is largely due to her trust in others, faith in a good and fair world, and with masculine traits – the belief in her ability to control events.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AGE PERCEPTIONS ABOUT STEREOTYPICAL AND IDEAL GENDER QUALITIES IN MODERN SOCIETY

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
Galaktionov I.V.
Keyword(s):  
Generation X ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Gender Characteristics ◽  
The Individual

This article examines the problem of gender socialization and identity in modern Russian society, on the basis of an analysis of ideas about the typical and ideal gender characteristics of the personality is compared to three age groups (up to 20 years - generation q, 20-40 years - Generation Y and 40-60 years - generation X) and concludes on the main trends in the development of gender characteristics of the individual in groups of different gender and age. The study obtained new empirical data on age and sexual differences in perceptions of typical and ideal qualities of gender, in particular, found that the age of women significantly influences their ideas about the male and female gender ideal, the age of men significantly influences their perception of the male gender ideal, members of different generations of the south significantly differ in ideas about the female gender ideal, the representatives of different generations Y significantly differ in ideas about the female gender ideal , the biological sex in the age group X influences the idea of male gender ideal. At the same time, there were no statistically significant differences between gender and age in the perception of typical male and female qualities. The results can be an important material for a differentiated approach to family counselling and assistance in building harmonious inter-sex relationships.

scholarly journals Gender characteristics of interpersonal relations and aggression of adolescents in rural schools

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 14004
Author(s):  
Maria Vyshkvyrkina ◽  
Yulya Tushnova
Keyword(s):  
Rural Schools ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Rural School ◽  
Transitional Society ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Gender Characteristics ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Aggressive Reactions ◽  
Questionnaire Adaptation

The problem of aggressive behavior in adolescents is not new to psychological science. However, in a transitional society, it requires constant monitoring. At the same time, the rural school is of interest due to the relative isolation and limited number of subjects of interaction. The purpose of this study was to study the specifics of aggressive reactions and types of attitudes towards people in rural school adolescents of different sexes. The study involved students from rural schools, in the amount of 100 people aged 14-16 years (M = 15.3; SD = 1.2; 47% men). The following methods were used: Bass-Darki questionnaire (adaptation by A.A. Khvan, Yu.A. Zaitsev, Yu.A. Kuznetsova.), Fundamental interpersonal Relations Orientation - Behavior (FIRO-B) (W. Schutz, adaptation by A.A. Rukavishnikov), as well as statistical methods (descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney U test). It was found that in the group of boys, physical aggression and resentment are more pronounced; girls are characterized by higher verbal aggression and feelings of guilt. Boys are also characterized by a high need for affection, and girls demonstrate a pronounced need for control over others. Prospects for the study consist in the subsequent analysis of the factors that determine the emergence of various aggressive and hostile reactions in adolescents, a comparison of rural and urban adolescents, as well as the characteristics of interpersonal relations in their relationship with the individual typological and gender characteristics of adolescents. The research results can be useful in organizing psychological support for adolescents in rural schools.

A Correlational Study of Depression, Ruminative Thought Patterns, and Gender Characteristics

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Viergutz ◽  
Amy Hilburger ◽  
Paul Thomas ◽  
Laura Koberstein ◽  
Jill Spaak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlational Study ◽  
Thought Patterns ◽  
Gender Characteristics ◽  
And Gender

PHILOSOPHICAL PROPAEDEUTICS IN THE SYSTEM OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Gan N.Yu. ◽  
Ponomareva L.I. ◽  
Obukhova K.A.
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Moral Problems ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Training

Today, worldview, spiritual and moral problems that have always been reflected in education and upbringing come to the fore in society. In this situation, there is a demand for philosophical categories. One of the priority goals of education in modern conditions is the formation of a reasonable, reflexive person who is able to analyze their actions and the actions of other people. Modern science is characterized by an understanding of the absolute value and significance of childhood in the development of the individual, which implies the need for its multilateral study. In the conditions of democratization of all spheres of life, the child ceases to be a passive object of education and training, and becomes an active carrier of their own meanings of being and the subject of world creation. One of the realities of childhood is philosophizing, so it is extremely timely to address the identification of its place and role in the world of childhood. Children's philosophizing is extremely poorly studied, although the need for its analysis is becoming more obvious. Children's philosophizing is one of the forms of philosophical reflection, which has its own qualitative specificity, on the one hand, and commonality with all other forms of philosophizing, on the other. The social relevance of the proposed research lies in the fact that children's philosophizing can be considered as an intellectual indicator of a child's socialization, since the process of reflection involves the adoption and development of culture. Modern society, in contrast to the traditional one, is ready to "accept" a philosophizing child, which means that it is necessary to determine the main characteristics and conditions of children's philosophizing.

THE GENDER IMPLEMENTATION OF THE “POWER” FRAME IN SHAKESPEARE’S TRAGEDY “MACBETH”

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-36
Author(s):  
Ekaterina A. LOBANOVA
Keyword(s):  
Main Idea ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Discursive Analysis ◽  
Historical Text ◽  
Gender Characteristics ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Linguistic Methods ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This article studies the cognitive features of the “power” frame and its gender implementation in the historical tragedy by W. Shakespeare “Macbeth”. Here, the author examines the concepts of “frame” and “gender” in linguistics, studying different approaches to their definition. The relevance of this work is determined by the close attention of the contemporary linguistics to these concepts, as well as their place in the contemporary academic paradigm. The academic affirmation of the “frame” and “gender” concepts designates a new step in understanding the ways and peculiarities of the language interaction, consciousness, and culture, and, consequently, it shows new aspects of the relationship of linguistics with other sciences. Nevertheless, the problems of both frame and gender are not yet fully understood. This study allows describing in detail the essence of the frame “power” and showing its meaning, use, and ways of its gender implementation in fiction, which explains the novelty of this article. The study’s methodology is based on the cognitive-discursive analysis of the text, as well as on an integrative approach to the discourse study, which combines methods of both cognitive and gender linguistics, as well as the discourse analysis. Common research methods were used along with private linguistic methods. The application of cognitive-discursive analysis has significantly increased the depth of understanding of the “power” frame that dominates Shakespeare’s historical tragedy. This historical text presents the central theme of political tragedy: the overthrow of the rightful ruler and the usurpation of power. The motive for the seizure of power forms a thematic core and is presented from the usurpers’ point of view. In this article, the author observes the gender shift and duality of the female and male beginnings: Shakespeare puts the female protagonist, hungry for power, among men, thus the images of Lady Macbeth and her husband come into conflict with the gender characteristics attributed to them. The play clearly traces the main idea of Machiavellianism: the goal justifies the means. The results conclude that the “power” frame is the leading one in Lady Macbeth’s monologue, thus setting one of the main themes of this tragedy.

A University Education

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Willetts
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
University Education ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Universities have a crucial role in the modern world. In England, entrance to universities is by nation-wide competition which means English universities have an exceptional influence on schools--a striking theme of the book. This important book first investigates the university as an institution and then tracks the individual on their journey to and through university. In A University Education, David Willetts presents a compelling case for the ongoing importance of the university, both as one of the great institutions of modern society and as a transformational experience for the individual. The book also makes illuminating comparisons with higher education in other countries, especially the US and Germany. Drawing on his experience as UK Minister for Universities and Science from 2010 to 2014, the author offers a powerful account of the value of higher education and the case for more expansion. He covers controversial issues in which he was involved from access for disadvantaged students to the introduction of L9,000 fees. The final section addresses some of the big questions for the future, such as the the relationship between universities and business, especially in promoting innovation.. He argues that the two great contemporary trends of globalisation and technological innovation will both change the university significantly. This is an authoritative account of English universities setting them for the first time in their new legal and regulatory framework.

The gender system of Durop

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-425
Author(s):  
Bruce Connell
Keyword(s):  
Grammatical Gender ◽  
Present Approach ◽  
Cross River ◽  
University Of Leiden ◽  
Nominal Classification ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender System ◽  
Classification Agreement

Abstract This paper presents an analysis of grammatical gender and agreement in Durop, a language of the Upper Cross subgroup of Cross River. The data used are drawn from Kastelein (Kastelein, Bianca. 1994. A phonological and grammatical sketch of DuRop. Leiden: University of Leiden Scriptie), whose analysis treats gender as the singular – plural pairings of nouns different from the present approach. Kastelein identifies eight concord classes (agreement classes); these form the basis of gender in Durop in the present analysis; as many as 24 agreement classes are identified here. The various systems comprising nominal classification, agreement and gender in Durop are compared and discussed. The agreement system comprises three subsystems of differing numbers of agreement classes.

scholarly journals When physical activity meets the physical environment: precision health insights from the intersection

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa V. Giles ◽  
Michael S. Koehle ◽  
Brian E. Saelens ◽  
Hind Sbihi ◽  
Chris Carlsten
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Optimizing Design ◽  
Physical Activity Recommendations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Precision Health ◽  
Activity Recommendations

Abstract Background The physical environment can facilitate or hinder physical activity. A challenge in promoting physical activity is ensuring that the physical environment is supportive and that these supports are appropriately tailored to the individual or group in question. Ideally, aspects of the environment that impact physical activity would be enhanced, but environmental changes take time, and identifying ways to provide more precision to physical activity recommendations might be helpful for specific individuals or groups. Therefore, moving beyond a “one size fits all” to a precision-based approach is critical. Main body To this end, we considered 4 critical aspects of the physical environment that influence physical activity (walkability, green space, traffic-related air pollution, and heat) and how these aspects could enhance our ability to precisely guide physical activity. Strategies to increase physical activity could include optimizing design of the built environment or mitigating of some of the environmental impediments to activity through personalized or population-wide interventions. Conclusions Although at present non-personalized approaches may be more widespread than those tailored to one person’s physical environment, targeting intrinsic personal elements (e.g., medical conditions, sex, age, socioeconomic status) has interesting potential to enhance the likelihood and ability of individuals to participate in physical activity.

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