Natural pozzolans-like Bahariya basalts used as alternative raw materials for cement clinker Portland

Experimental study on the use of basalt stone originated from Lampung has been conducted to evaluate its potential for a partial substitute of raw material in production of cement clinker. The basalt stone contains minerals of anorthite, augite, and albite phases that are required for clinker formation. In this study, the main raw materials were 80% limestone, 10% silica sand, 9% clay and 1% iron sand. The raw material in these experiments were mixtures 90% or 80% of the main raw material and 10% or 20% of basalt stone. The effect of adding coal to raw materials was also studied to see the possibility of an increase in clinkerization temperature inside the raw material mixture, and at the same time to see the effect of coal ash on clinker composition. Clinker obtained from heating of raw materials at a temperature of 1100oC had LSF of 94.1% and 95.1% (heating time of 1 and 3 hours). If heating is carried out at 1200oC, the clinker had LSF of 97.7% and 98.0% (heating time of 2 and 3 hours, respectively). Depending on the temperature and duration of heating, the clinker mostly had SM in the range of 2.18-2.40% , and AM in the range of 0,78-1.80%. Characterization using XRD showed that the clinker consisted of larnite and gehlenite phases, and dominated by CaO.Batu basalt Lampung telah diuji potensinya sebagai pengganti sebagian bahan baku utama pembuatan klinker semen. Batu basalt tersebut memiliki mineral-mineral dalam fase anorthite, augite, dan albite yang diperlukan pada pembentukan klinker. Pada penelitian ini, bahan baku utama adalah batu kapur 80%, pasir silika 10%, tanah liat 9% dan pasir besi 1%. Campuran bahan baku klinker adalah 90% atau 80% bahan baku utama dan 10% atau 20% batu basalt. Efek penambahan batubara ke dalam bahan baku klinker juga dipelajari untuk melihat kemungkinan kenaikan temperatur klinkerisasi di dalam campuran bahan baku, dan sekaligus untuk melihat efek abu batubara terhadap komposisi klinker. Klinker hasil pemanasan bahan baku pada temperatur 1100oC memiliki LSF 94,1% dan 95,1% (lama pemanasan 1 dan 3 jam). Jika pemanasan dilakukan pada 1200oC, klinker memilik LSF 97,7% dan 98,00% (lama pemanasan 2 dan 3 jam). Tergantung pada temperatur dan lama pemanasan, klinker hasil percobaan ini umumnya memiliki SM 2,18-2,40%, dan AM antara 0,78-1,80%. Karakterisasi dengan XRD menunjukkan bahwa klinker terdiri dari fase larnite dan gehlenite, dan didominasi CaO.

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Theoretical Calculation and Experimental Study on the Forming Heat of Cement Clinker Made from Steel Slag

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.814.564 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 814 ◽

pp. 564-568 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ya Li Wang ◽

Su Ping Cui ◽

Gui Ping Tian ◽

Ming Zhang Lan ◽

Zhi Hong Wang

Keyword(s):

Empirical Equation ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Steel Slag ◽

Great Influence ◽

Cement Clinker ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Forming Process ◽

Acid Dissolution ◽

Heat Efficiency ◽

Heat Calculation

When steel slag, a by-product of steel making in impurity catching process, is added, the forming process of cement clinker and the major reactions in that process are changed. Since there are dramatic differences between the chemical components and mineral compositions of steel slag and that of natural cement raw materials, the empirical equation for the calculating forming heats of cement clinker made of limestone and clay is no longer applied for those made of steel slag. In this paper, the empirical equation for forming heat calculation of steel slag added cement clinker was promoted, and testified by acid dissolution experiments. Results showed that the change of raw materials had great influence on the forming heat of cement clinker. When the traditional raw materials were replaced with steel slag, the forming heat of cement clinker reduced. Calculating the forming heat by our revised empirical equation can help reduce errors and bring great convenience for the calculation and evaluation of heat efficiency. This research provides theoretical underpinning for the study and calculation of forming heat of steel slag added cement clinker.

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The Research on Producing Recycling Cement Using Waste Concrete

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.881-883.1195 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 881-883 ◽

pp. 1195-1198 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shao Wei Yao ◽

Chang Rui Wang

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Resource Conservation ◽

Cement Clinker ◽

Coarse Aggregates ◽

Waste Concrete

Using all components of waste concrete with limestone coarse aggregates as the raw materials produces recycling cement. Recycling cement clinker will be produced in this way by sintering waste concrete and a certain amount of accessory materials. It is a technical route of protection environment, resource conservation and sustainable development.

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Preparation and Mechanical Performance of Sulpoaluminate Cement by Using Industrial Solid Wastes

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.726.510 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 726 ◽

pp. 510-514

Author(s):

Shi Zhen Zhao ◽

Feng Lan Han ◽

Gui Qun Liu ◽

Mao Hui Li ◽

Yu Jie Chen

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Cement Mortar ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Industrial Process ◽

Chemical Characteristic ◽

Cement Clinker ◽

Hydration Mechanism ◽

Water To Cement Ratio ◽

Physical And Chemical

By using Mn slag, Mg slag and Fly ash which comes from industrial process in Ningxia province as raw materials, the sulpoaluminate cement was prepared via sintering raw materials in a furnace. The physical and chemical characteristic of sulpoaluminate cement clinker was tested. The optimal proportion of clinkers is also determined by the results of phase composition, microstructure and hydration mechanism. The results shows that when the mixed ratio of Mn slag, Mg slag and Fly ash is 21%, 21% and 0% respectively in the raw materials and the calcination temperature is 1300 °C for 30 min, sulphoaluminate cement clinker with maximum amount of C4A3S, C2S and C4AF was prepared. Then, natural gypsum was added into the clinker powder with a ratio of 15% to make cement materials. When water to cement ratio is 0.5 and cement to sand ratio is 1:3, the cement mortar obtain a compressive strength of 22.22 MPa at 3d, 31.2 MPa at 7 d, and the flexural strength of 3.86MPa at 3d, and 4.83 MPa at 7d respectively.

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Study Formation Process of Cement Clinker Minerals by Using Calcium Carbide Slag as Raw Material

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.389.341 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 389 ◽

pp. 341-345 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ya Li Wang ◽

Shi Jie Dong ◽

Lin Lin Liu ◽

Su Ping Cui ◽

Hai Bo Xu

Keyword(s):

Mineral Composition ◽

Formation Process ◽

Phase Structure ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Calcium Carbide ◽

Industrial Wastes ◽

Raw Material ◽

Cement Clinker ◽

Mineral Phase ◽

Carbide Slag

Calcium carbide Slag is one kind of industrial wastes from CaC2 hydrolysis reaction that will cause land pollution. In the research, calcium carbide Slag used as a substitute for limestone to produce cement clinker, which with a high portion of CaO content and then an excellent calcium containing raw material. As a kind of industrial wastes, the properties of Calcium carbide slag differentiate from that of natural limestone. The formation process of clinker minerals was studied by means of XRD. The results indicated that clinker minerals formation is similar to that from use of limestone. The generated clinker has a rational mineral composition and well developed mineral phase structure. But, there are many differences in decomposition temperatures between the calcium containing raw materials. Therefore, the carbide slag can be used as a substitute of limestone raw material to produce cement clinker.

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Integrated use of technogenic raw materials in cement technology

Кераміка наука і життя ◽

10.26909/csl.2.2021.3 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 19-24

Author(s):

L.P. Chernyak ◽

L.I. Melnyk ◽

N.O. Dorogan ◽

I.A. Goloukh

Keyword(s):

Standardized Testing ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Power Plants ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Thermal Power ◽

Raw Material ◽

Cement Clinker ◽

Material Base ◽

Chemical Research ◽

Technogenic Raw Materials

This work used a combination of modern physico-chemical research methods with standardized testing of technological and operational properties of raw materials, clinker, cement and compositions with its application. Results over of research of the silicate systems with rice husk and ash-fly as technogenic raw material for making of cement clinker are driven. The features of the chemical-mineralogical composition, phase transformations during burning and astringent properties of material at the use of 42,5-50,5 % industry wastes in composition initial raw material mixtures are shown. The object of the study were raw material mixtures for the production of Portland cement clinker based on the systems of chalk - clay - man-made raw materials and chalk - man-made raw materials. The possibility of replacing exhaustible and non-renewable natural raw materials with a complex of multi-tonnage wastes of agro-industry and heat energy, which meets the objectives of expanding the raw material base of cement production, resource conservation and environmental protection. Peculiarities of phase formation during firing of silicate systems of chalk-polymineral clay and chalk-technogenic raw materials taking into account changes in the quantitative ratio of components, in particular rice husk and ash-removal of thermal power plants are noted.

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Moroccan oil shale and coal waste as alternative raw materials in Portland cement clinker manufacture. Clinkerisation reactions and clinker characterisation

Materiales de Construcción ◽

10.3989/mc.2018.07017 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 68 (331) ◽

pp. 166

Author(s):

S. Chhaiba ◽

M. T. Blanco-Varela ◽

A. Diouri

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Oil Shale ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Cement Industry ◽

Cement Clinker ◽

Waste Materials ◽

Coal Waste ◽

Energy Costs ◽

Portland Cement Clinker ◽

Cement Manufacture

For some time the cement industry has been seeking procedures to effectively lower the higher energy costs involved in cement manufacture. Timahdit oil shale and Jerada coal waste could potentially be used as alternative raw materials to produce clinker. This study explored the possibility of applying those materials to a greener use, based on the reactivity and burnability of raw mixes containing Moroccan oil shale and coal waste. The findings showed that, irrespective of particle size, oil shale mixes delivered higher reactivity than coal waste materials, although reactivity was highest in the oil shale clinker with a particle size < 45 μm. The clinkers bearing oil shale with a particle size < 90 μm or a blend of oil shale and coal waste with a size < 45 μm contained higher proportions of alite ( > 70 %).

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Synthesis of Belite-Ye’elimite-Ternesite Cement Clinker

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1036.223 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1036 ◽

pp. 223-229

Author(s):

Dao Peng Ji ◽

Su Hua Ma ◽

Wei Feng Li

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Stable Condition ◽

Cement Clinker ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Calcination Time ◽

Chemical Reagents ◽

Sintering Time ◽

Wide Range ◽

Low Energy Consumption ◽

Low Carbon Emission

Belite - ye’elimite - ternesite (BYT) cement clinker has attracted much attention due to its advantages of wide range of raw materials, low energy consumption and low carbon emission compared with ordinary portland cement (OPC). In this experiment, chemical reagents were used as raw materials. The effects of calcination temperature and calcination time on clinker synthesis were studied. The best sintering temperature was determined by sintering in rang of 1150-1300°C (setting a temperature point every 30 °C), and then the samples were sintering for 1-6 hours (setting every hour) to determine the best sintering time. The stable condition of the BYT clinker was determined. The phase composition and microstructure of cement clinker were analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) Rietveld refinement and Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the desired clinker could be obtained by sintering at 1210°C for 2 hours. In the presence of C4A3$, the hydration of C5S2$ was accompanied by the formation of gypsum and the precipitation of ettringite.

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Evaluation of selected kaolins as raw materials for the Turkish cement and concrete industry

Clay Minerals ◽

10.1180/claymin.2007.042.2.08 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 233-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

A. Aras ◽

M. Albayrak ◽

M. Arikan ◽

K. Sobolev

Keyword(s):

Construction Industry ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Paper Industry ◽

Raw Material ◽

Cement Clinker ◽

Export Markets ◽

Assessment And Evaluation ◽

White Cement ◽

Cement And Concrete ◽

Clay Materials

AbstractTurkey has a long tradition (starting with prehistoric civilizations) and experience in exploring for raw clay materials and processing them into ceramic products. Many of these products, such as tiles and sanitary ware, are manufactured for domestic and export markets. Kaolin is one of the raw materials of major importance for the ceramic and paper industry, as well as for a number of auxiliary applications. There is ongoing interest in applying kaolin in the construction industry as a raw material in the production of white cement clinker and as an artificial pozzolanic additive for concrete (in the form of metakaolin). This report presents results related to search, assessment and evaluation of available resources for advanced cement and concrete additives.

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Using Calcium Carbide Slag as One of Calcium-Containing Raw Materials to Produce Cement Clinker

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.743-744.171 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 743-744 ◽

pp. 171-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ya Li Wang ◽

Shi Jie Dong ◽

Lin Lin Liu ◽

Su Ping Cui

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Calcium Carbide ◽

Decomposition Temperature ◽

Industrial Wastes ◽

Raw Material ◽

Cement Clinker ◽

Petrographic Analysis ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Phase Constituent ◽

Carbide Slag

Calcium carbide Slag is from CaC2 hydrolysis reaction and will do harm to land and make pollution. Calcium carbide slag can be a substitute for limestone to produce clinker with a high portion of CaO as an excellent calcium raw material. As a kind of industrial wastes, the properties of calcium carbide slag differentiate from that of natural limestone. In the present investigation, the modern analysis methods of XRF, XRD, DTA/TG, petrographic analysis were used to compare carbide slag and limestone, and the results showed that the main chemical compositions of the calcium carbide slag were basically the same with that of natural limestone. Comparing with limestone materials, calcium carbide slag had a higher content of CaO, and the main mineral phase constituent of limestone was CaCO3, whereas the main mineral of calcium carbide slag was Ca (OH)2 with a lower decomposition temperature. It has been found that under the same temperature the amount of C3S in the clinker of calcium carbide slag batching was slightly less than that of limestone batching.

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