scholarly journals The estimation of the food security coefficient of cereal crops and the most important food commodities in Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-122
Author(s):  
Sadiq Inas ◽  
Shalabi Ayman ◽  
Mohamme Amr
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Food Commodities

scholarly journals Does Climate Change Affect the Yield of the Top Three Cereals and Food Security in the World?

Earth ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-71
Author(s):  
Dhurba Neupane ◽  
Pramila Adhikari ◽  
Dwarika Bhattarai ◽  
Birendra Rana ◽  
Zeeshan Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
World Food Security

Climate prediction models suggest that agricultural productivity will be significantly affected in the future. The expected rise in average global temperature due to the higher release of greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the atmosphere and increased depletion of water resources with enhanced climate variability will be a serious threat to world food security. Moreover, there is an increase in the frequency and severity of long-lasting drought events over 1/3rd of the global landmass and five times increase in water demand deficits during the 21st century. The top three cereals, wheat (Triticum aestivum), maize (Zea mays), and rice (Oryza sativa), are the major and staple food crops of most people across the world. To meet the food demand of the ever-increasing population, which is expected to increase by over 9 billion by 2050, there is a dire need to increase cereal production by approximately 70%. However, we have observed a dramatic decrease in area of fertile and arable land to grow these crops. This trend is likely to increase in the future. Therefore, this review article provides an extensive review on recent and future projected area and production, the growth requirements and greenhouse gas emissions and global warming potential of the top three cereal crops, the effects of climate change on their yields, and the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and hormonal responses of plants to drought. We also discuss the potential strategies to tackle the effects of climate change and increase yields. These strategies include integrated conventional and modern molecular techniques and genomic approach, the implementation of agronomic best management (ABM) practices, and growing climate resilient cereal crops, such as millets. Millets are less resource-intensive crops and release a lower amount of greenhouse gases compared to other cereals. Therefore, millets can be the potential next-generation crops for research to explore the climate-resilient traits and use the information for the improvement of major cereals.

scholarly journals Prospects and Constraints of Transplanted Maize, Wheat, Sorghum and Pearl Millet: A Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-43
Author(s):  
Saikat Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Plant Stand ◽  
Nutritional Benefits ◽  
Direct Sowing

Cereal crops such as maize, wheat, sorghum and pearl millet are important for human consumption due to their nutritional benefits. These cereals play pivotal roles to meet world’s food demand. However, maintenance of food security particularly in the circumstance of changing climate, constantly urges for modification of agro-techniques and one such modification is the incorporation of transplanting technique in these cereals as an alternative under a non-practicable situation of direct sowing. Transplanting is a method of transferring seedlings grown in nursery or others to the field. It has been already found to shorten the crop duration and improve germination, plant stand, seed and seedling quality parameters, growth, yield and economic profitability of these cereals. Besides, research findings are also available stating that transplanting helps these cereals to cope up with vagaries of weather and to exhibit greater radiation and water use efficiencies and suppression of weeds. Outcomes of transplanting are however dependent on various factors like methods of nursery raising, the variety used, mode of planting, age of seedlings etc. In spite of these prospects, transplanting technique is not so popular in these cereals due to poor dissemination, discouraging research findings, pest and disease problems, lack of suitable package of practices etc. Therefore, focuses are to be given in conducting more and more research trials to confirm its location and situation wise efficacy and also in developing and disseminating a suitable package of practices of transplanting accordingly.

How an Innovative Sugarcane Biofuel System can Prevent a Clash between Food and Energy in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
pp. 1950005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilson de Paula ◽  
Wellington Pereira ◽  
Mary Jane Parmentier
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Potential Conflict ◽  
Industrial Transformation ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
Second Generation Ethanol

Food commodities have been used worldwide for both human consumption and energy, amid concerns of environmental degradation and damaging effects on local food systems. Presently, strategies of rural development have encompassed the use of green resources to produce biofuels and an agenda of food security. We argue that by the strengthening of a Sectorial System of Production and Innovation involving farming activity, industrial transformation and institutional support, production for food and for energy can be balanced. Our discussion contributes to the resolution of the potential conflict between agro-energy and food production and the role of public policies in stimulating second-generation ethanol based on remaining biomass. Based on the current literature and empirical evidences, the prospects for sugarcane ethanol in Brazil are examined, bearing in mind the development of a system able to produce second-generation ethanol, as a strategy able to mitigate negative effects on food security.

scholarly journals Using variation in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to drive the productivity of the food security crop cassava

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Ceballos ◽  
Ivan D. Mateus ◽  
Ricardo Peña ◽  
Diego Camilo Peña-Quemba ◽  
Chanz Robbins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Cassava Root ◽  
Independent Field

The unprecedented challenge to feed the rapidly growing human population can only be achieved with major changes in how we combine technology with agronomy1. Despite their potential few beneficial microbes have truly been demonstrated to significantly increase productivity of globally important crops in real farming conditions2,3. The way microbes are employed has largely ignored the successes of crop breeding where naturally occurring intraspecific variation of plants has been used to increase yields. Doing this with microbes requires establishing a link between variation in the microbes and quantitative traits of crop growth along with a clear demonstration that intraspecific microbial variation can potentially lead to large differences in crop productivity in real farming conditions. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), form symbioses with globally important crops and show great potential to improve crop yields2. Here we demonstrate the first link between patterns of genome-wide intraspecific AMF variation and productivity of the globally important food crop cassava. Cassava, one of the most important food security crops, feeds approximately 800 million people daily4. In subsequent field trials, inoculation with genetically different isolates of the AMF Rhizophagus irregularis altered cassava root productivity by up to 1.46-fold in conventional cultivation in Colombia. In independent field trials in Colombia, Kenya and Tanzania, clonal sibling progeny of homokaryon and dikaryon parental AMF enormously altered cassava root productivity by up to 3 kg per plant and up to a 3.69-fold productivity difference. Siblings were clonal and, thus, qualitatively genetically identical. Heterokaryon siblings can vary quantitatively but monokaryon siblings are identical. Very large among-AMF sibling effects were observed at each location although which sibling AMF was most effective depended strongly on location and cassava variety. We demonstrate the enormous potential of genetic, and possibly epigenetic variation, in AMF to greatly alter productivity of a globally important crop that should not be ignored. A microbial improvement program to accelerate crop yield increases over that possible by plant breeding or GMO technology alone is feasible. However, such a paradigm shift can only be realised if researchers address how plant genetics and local environments affect mycorrhizal responsiveness of crops to predict which fungal variant will be effective in a given location.

scholarly journals Growth and Production of Corn in Various Planting Distances Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
Rusnadi Padjung ◽  
Muh Farid Bdr ◽  
N. Nasaruddin ◽  
Ifayanti Ridwan ◽  
Muhammad Fuad Anshori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Research Results ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
Experimental Garden ◽  
Planting System ◽  
Research Institute

Corn is one of the most important food commodities consumed by most people in various parts of the country. There is a real interaction between spacing varieties on the observed characters. There are one or more production chatacters that have a significant correlation with production. This research will be carried out at the Experimental Garden of the Bajeng Cereal Research Institute, Bajeng District, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi, with a coordinate point of 5o18'21.5 "LS, 119o28'38.6" BT. The research was conducted from August to November 2020. This study used a separate plot experimental design. The main plot is a planting system legowo (S) which consists of 3 planting systems, namely the spacing of 75 x 20 cm = 66,667 pop / ha (J1), Legowo (50 + 100) x 20 cm = 66,667 population / ha (J2), and Legowo (50 + 100) x 18 cm = 74,074 population / ha (J3). Meanwhile, the subplots were maize varieties (V), namely NASA 29 (V1), Bisi 2 (V2), and Sinhas 1 (V3). From the research results, it can be concluded that the spacing has no effect on the character of the observation. the variety has a very significant effect on the observed character, except for rod diameter. As for the correlation, the observed characters that had an effect on production were ear length and weight of 1000 seeds

scholarly journals Diversifikasi sebagai Salah Satu Pilar Ketahanan Pangan

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
NFN Sumaryanto
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Food Spectrum ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
National Food Security ◽  
Quantitative Approaches

<strong>English</strong><br />Global financial crisis and climate changes have affected food security in a more vulnerable situation. Food security pillars, in this respect should be strengthened.  The food security pillar should not rely only on quantitative approaches, but also on other pillars in a wider food spectrum. One of the feasible ways to enhance food security is to develop food diversification based on local food commodities. This paper is aimed to assess some vulnerable points of national food security, the significant of the diversification to enhance food availability and its prospect as one of the pillars to develop steady food security in Indonesia.        <br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Krisis finansial global dan perubahan iklim mengakibatkan ketahanan pangan menjadi lebih rawan. Oleh karena itu pilar-pilar ketahanan pangan perlu diperkuat. Pendekatan yang perlu ditempuh adalah mengupayakan agar pilar ketahanan pangan tidak hanya bersandar pada dimensi kuantitatif dalam penyediaan, distribusi, dan daya beli tetapi perlu dilengkapi dengan perluasan spektrum pangan. Salah satu cara yang layak ditempuh adalah dengan mengembangkan diversifikasi berbasis bahan pangan lokal. Tulisan ini membahas titik-titik rawan ketahanan pangan nasional,  menelaah arti penting diversifikasi berbasis bahan pangan lokal, dan prospek diversifikasi sebagai salah satu pilar ketahanan pangan Indonesia.

scholarly journals Pengaturan Impor Pangan Negara Indonesia Yang Berbasis Pada Kedaulatan Pangan

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Fauzin Fauzin
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Foreign Products ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Food Imports ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
Domestic Products

The basic need that is needed by humans to fulfill their survival is food. Thus the basic needs in a country can be fulfilled by domestic products or foreign products which are commonly known as imports. Fulfilling this need for food is very important and strategic in order to maintain the sovereignty of the country, by not depending on food imports from developed countries. Law Number 18 of 2012 on Food, mandates the objectives of food administration, namely realizing food sovereignty, food self-sufficiency and food security. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the production and productivity of food commodities, especially strategic food in order to meet the needs of the community which are always increasing and directly proportional to the population. The method used is normative legal research.

scholarly journals Transmigration as a Strategy for Strengthening National Food Security

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-107
Author(s):  
Mas Wedar Haryagung Adji ◽  
Santi Yulianti ◽  
Syifaa Tresnaningrum ◽  
Erna Gustina Norrista
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Food Shortages ◽  
The Government ◽  
Food Needs ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
Alternative Solutions ◽  
National Food Security

Indonesia is one of the largest agricultural countries in Southeast Asia, but it is also struggling with food security issues. The government's challenge is to ensure that domestic food needs are fulfilled. The covid-19 pandemic exacerbated this challenge, where countries faced the threat of food shortages due to limited movement of goods. Thus, Indonesia should focus on increasing the production and productivity of strategic food commodities. One of the alternative solutions is through the transmigration program. This research focused on how the transmigration program can contribute to food security. The study was carried out through a descriptive qualitative method. The result shows that transmigration contributes to food security because of its similarity to the food production process. However, this program faces five main challenges to support food security. Therefore, this study shows several pre-conditions that the government needs to fulfill to overcome these challenges.

scholarly journals Nowcasting commodity prices using social media

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. e126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaewoo Kim ◽  
Meeyoung Cha ◽  
Jong Gun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Developing Regions ◽  
User Influence ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Food Commodities

Gathering up-to-date information on food prices is critical in developing regions, as it allows policymakers and development practitioners to rely on accurate data on food security. This study explores the feasibility of utilizing social media as a new data source for predicting food security landscape in developing countries. Through a case study of Indonesia, we developed a nowcast model that monitors mentions of food prices on Twitter and forecasts daily price fluctuations of four major food commodities: beef, chicken, onion, and chilli. A longitudinal test over 15 months of data demonstrates that not only that the proposed model accurately predicts food prices, but it is also resilient to data scarcity. The high accuracy of the nowcast model is attributed to the observed trend that the volume of tweets mentioning food prices tends to increase on days when food prices change sharply. We discuss factors that affect the veracity of price quotations such as social network-wide sensitivity and user influence.

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