Impact of the geopolitical changes on the EU foreign trade relations with selected territories: Implications for the Slovak economy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Kašťáková ◽  
◽  
Kristina Drieniková ◽  
Ľubica Zubaľová ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
European Institutions ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The current geopolitical changes taking place in the world economy exert great influence on the EU (and Slovakia’s) foreign trade relations. This monograph examines the impact of geopolitical changes on the EU foreign trade relations with the countries of the Western Balkans, Ukraine, Russia and Kazakhstan, assesses the impact of the mutual EU and Russia sanctions on the EU foreign trade with the countries selected, and points out the potential for development of Slovakia’s foreign trade relations with these countries. The uniqueness of this monograph lies in the primacy and complexity of the EU foreign trade relations with the countries under consideration and the impact of the mutual EU and Russia sanctions on the EU and Slovakia’s foreign trade with Russia. The outcomes of the conducted research can be of great use to business and government institutions, as well as to European institutions and organizations, teachers, scientists or R&D agencies and others.

scholarly journals The Impact of Foreign Trade Policy on China's Economic Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
Shi Ike ◽  
Natalia Epova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Foreign Trade Policy ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The importance of foreign trade and its impact on the level of economic development of both individual states and the world economy as a whole is steadily increasing. The successful or unsuccessful development of foreign trade relations is largely determined by the state's policy in this area, the use of various tools and methods. China, having begun to reform the economic system, pursued the goal of increasing the competitiveness of the national economy. For this purpose, foreign trade relations with other countries were actively developed in accordance with the interests of China and the priorities of economic development. Over a long period in China was dominated by autarkic tendencies in the sphere of foreign relations, which contradict the idea of integration for joint solutions to existing problems and the liberalization of foreign trade. Since the late 70s, China has realized the need to connect the country to the processes taking place in the world economy and carry out reforms, an important part of which was the implementation of a strategy for the development of foreign economic relations. The new policy assumed the extraction of maximum benefits from cooperation with foreign partners, the modernization of the economy using best practices in the economic, scientific and technical spheres, the diversification of production, the introduction of effective management models. China's foreign trade policy is implemented through a variety of regulatory, control and incentive methods. This makes it possible to take into account the characteristics of specific territories and use the most appropriate tools to achieve the best result. Relevance and insufficient knowledge of the impact of trade on economic development of China in the development of global value chains and the trend towards a multipolar world system, the development of the prospects of transformation of China's foreign trade, led to the selection of topics for articles.

Consuls and Silver Contraband on Mexico's West Coast in the Era of Santa Anna

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Mayo
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
West Coast ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Napoleonic Wars ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Individual Role

Mexico achieved independence in 1821. With the definitive cutting of the imperial ties with Spain, already weakened by the impact of the Napoleonic Wars, the country began to play an individual role in the world economy. The end of Spanish rule and the departure of many Spaniards opened up new positions and new opportunities for Mexicans. Some they seized immediately as in government and the army; others they lacked in some measure the skills, inclination or capital to exploit. One of the more difficult areas was overseas trade, which had been largely the preserve of peninsulares. Their departure provided the occasion for the arrival of numbers of foreigners, who established merchant houses in trading centres, and assumed the role of middlemen in Mexico's foreign trade.

Foreign trade relations of the European Union against the background of increasing turbulence (results 2019, on the threshold of 2020)

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-66
Author(s):  
I. Gladkov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Commodity Trade ◽  
International Commodity ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Noticeable Increase ◽  
The World ◽  
Expert Forecasts ◽  
The Eu

The article analyzes the current changes that have occurred over the past five years in the dynamics, geographical and commodity structure of foreign trade relations of the European Union (the EU) as the largest collective entity in the system of modern international commodity trade. The EU was able to maintain its dominant position in the world commodity exchange quite effectively, despite the increase in a number of adverse external factors, such as General "turbulence", the expansion of the zone of protectionist and sanctions measures, and trade conflicts in international commodity trade. The worldwide spread of a new viral infection in early 2020 also made a significant contribution to the noticeable increase in tension in the world economy. This process has acted as a so-called "black Swan", that is, a kind of catalyst that contributes to the approach of the next General cyclical crisis, which was expected by experts of the largest international structures in 2019. It is worth noting that the scale of this challenge has yet to be assessed, since the latest expert forecasts suggest a much more modest reduction in the main indicators of world economic evolution. The author provides up-to-date statistical materials and numerous calculation data that are being introduced into the domestic scientific circulation for the first time.

scholarly journals Structural transformation of the economy: practical aspects

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
A. T. Abdikarimova ◽  
G. B. Aimagambetova
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the article is to consider the practical aspects of the structural transformation of economy. Over the past few decades, absolutely all national economies have undergone structural changes, regardless of their size, economic system and all other political or economic differences. The transformation of structures was associated with many factors, including institutional changes, technological changes, the widespread introduction of the results of scientific and technological progress, globalization and integration processes. At the same time, it should be noted that not all structural changes had a positive effect for all countries, even though the changes had almost the same trend of growth in the share of the service sector, a decrease in the share of agriculture and manufacturing. This article is an attempt to systematize the main trends and consequences of structural transformations in the world. The authors put forward the hypothesis that the world economy tends to “servicization” and deindustrialization, which has dialectical significance for the world economy. To assess the structural changes, we analyzed the data of the World Bank to study the dynamics of changes in the sectoral structure of the countries of the world in the period from 1990 to 2019. A very great influence on these processes was exerted by globalization, which through its mechanisms made possible a rapid change in industry proportions not only in the developed world, but also in developing countries, while forming a global trend of “servicization” of the economy. The authors tried to conduct a comparative analysis of the impact of each economic sector on GDP using a regression model based on panel data from more than 180 countries of the world presented by the World Bank.

scholarly journals Foreign trade of Russia: trends at the stage of the general crisis (2020)

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
I.S. Gladkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Energy Group ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
The World ◽  
Trade Turnover ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Foreign Trade Turnover ◽  
First Time

The author examines new trends in the dynamics of foreign trade relations of Russia during the pandemic of 2020, which played a kind of «black swan» in relation to the world economic evolution: the processes of turbulence, which increased in the previous period of development of the world economy and modern international trade, continued in the mechanisms of deployment of a global crisis in 2020 in the context of the introduction of a full lockdown in many countries; this was reflected in the downward trend in prices for fuel and energy group goods, which are very important for domestic exports. The article shows the shifts in Russia’s foreign trade turnover provoked by the crisis. The study used the methodology of comparative and statistical analysis based on the latest statistical materials, as well as a number of official calculations, introduced into the Russian scientific turnover for the first time.

scholarly journals A GRAVITY MODEL OF TRADE TURNOVER BETWEEN UKRAINE AND THE EU

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-222
Author(s):  
Tetyana Melnyk ◽  
Nataliya Kalyuzhna ◽  
Kateryna Pugachevska
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Trade Turnover ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Determining the conditions for further liberalization and the reality of long-term and effective trade and economic cooperation of Ukraine with the EU countries requires assessing the strength and probability of the influence of institutional factors. The possibility of taking into account the significance of institutional factors in the development of foreign trade relations creates a gravity modelling. Determination of gravitational principles of foreign trade actualizes the problem of developing the gravity model, which takes into account impact of institutional factors, contains the necessary and sufficient number of factors, and may be tested for adequacy based on statistical data. The purpose of the paper is to construct the gravity model taking into account the institutional conditions of trade and its empirical verification on the example of trade turnover between Ukraine and the EU. Methodology. Methods of statistical analysis and econometric modelling were used for constructing the gravity model, estimating its statistical significance and predictive ability. In the article, the necessity of taking into account the influence of institutional factors on the formation of the competitive status of the country in the sphere of international trade is substantiated. It is proved that, in conditions of increasing the contradictory nature of trade relations, the role of institutional gravity factors in foreign trade between states increases. The result of the article is the gravity model with such explanatory factors, as the gross domestic product of trade partners in purchasing power parity and the complex characteristic of “trade distance” between countries as an indicator of the influence of institutional factors on foreign trade relations. As a conclusion, it may be noted that the model is statistically significant, adequately describes the input data. The proposed model takes into account the presence of institutional factors of foreign trade, whose influence on the interstate trade and economic cooperation conditions is constantly increasing. Value/originality. The proposed results can be used for modelling and forecasting of foreign trade between trading partners, taking into account the impact of specific institutional factors on their foreign trade relations.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Current Foreign Trade Relations between Slovakia and Ukraine Affected by the Global Changes in the World Economy

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (34) ◽  
pp. 143-153
Author(s):  
Elena Kašťáková ◽  
Dáša Bebiaková
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Conflict Situation ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
The Given

Abstract The article focuses on the issues of the perspectives of foreign trade relations between Slovakia and Ukraine affected by the current changes of EU trade policy towards Ukraine and other global changes underway in the global economy, which are very demanding in terms of the ongoing conflict situation in eastern Ukraine. The authors examine the development of foreign trade relations between the Slovak Republic and Ukraine, and based on the globalization processes taking place in Ukraine and analysing the foreign trade, the SWOT analysis of prospects for foreign trade relations of Slovakia and Ukraine influenced by the given facts will be performed.

scholarly journals Effects of the world economic crisis on exports in the CEEC: Focus on the Western Balkans

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (196) ◽  
pp. 71-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Predrag Bjelic ◽  
Danijela Jacimovic ◽  
Ivan Tasic
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Trade Integration ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
World Economic Crisis ◽  
The Eu

The world economic crisis that paralyzed the world economy in 2008 and 2009 had a profound impact on all countries in the world. Due to the interconnectedness of national economies the crisis spread rapidly from its centre in the United States to the world. There were two main transmission channels for the spread of the crisis between countries - international trade and the exchange of private capital between states in the form of foreign direct investment (FDI). This economic downturn has greatly influenced the domestic economic stability of the Western Balkan economies. The Western Balkan countries have shaped their economic policy towards European Union (EU) membership, resulting in a high degree of liberalization in international economic relations accompanied by a commitment to free international capital movement. Since this region has close economic ties with the EU the crisis spread to the region very quickly, manifesting itself in decreasing regional exports to the EU market and a downward trend of FDI inflow to the region. This paper will focus on the impact of the world economic crisis on the Western Balkan economies and especially on their exports and FDI inflow. Our empirical analysis, based on panel data, uses a wider sample of Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC) which includes the Western Balkans, since we wanted to analyze if the effects of the economic crisis in the Western Balkans are specific or are common to most countries in transition. The analysis shows that Western Balkan exports have suffered due to the crisis, but reveals some interesting results on the different dynamics of export flows which depend on regional trade integration for their destination.

scholarly journals MULTILATERALISM OR BILATERALISM: THE EU TRADE POLICY IN AN AGE OF THE WTO CRISIS

Ekonomika ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-23
Author(s):  
Anna Wróbel
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
World Trade ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
World Trade Organisation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
The Eu

Abstract. The aim of the study is to analyze the EU trade policy in the age of the World Trade Organization (WTO) crisis. In addition to the WTO membership and a number of international agreements within this organisation, the EU is a party to many bilateral trade agreements and negotiating further. It is the side effect of the protracted negotiations in the WTO under the Doha Development Round. The paper discusses the process of proliferation of bilateral trade agreements in the world economy and its importance for the EU. The article is divided into three parts. Part One identifies the determinants of the WTO crisis. Part Two discusses the process of proliferation of bilateral trade agreements in the world economy. Part Three analyzes the EU trade policy and the system of the EU preferential trade agreements. It also examines trade relations of the EU with the Republic of Korea, India, and the United States of America as an illustration of the new EU trade strategy.Key words: bilateralism, European Union, common commercial policy, World Trade Organisation

scholarly journals THE PANDEMIC CRISIS HAS HELPED TO STRENGTHEN THE NEW TECHNOLOGICAL ORDER

2020 ◽  
Vol 225 (5) ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
GLAZIEV SERGEY YU. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
World Economy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Window Of Opportunity ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The World

The article contains a brief analysis of the fall of the world economy against the background of the new coronavirus pandemic, which negatively affects the foreign trade relations of Russia and the EAEU States. On the other hand, this situation determines the reorientation of trade, economic and investment activity to the domestic market. Together with the opportunities offered by new technological and global economic structures, the current crisis can become a window of opportunity for countries and regions that are aiming for a breakthrough in economic development. To do this, long-standing economic problems must be resolved both at the national and supranational levels.

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