scholarly journals The braincase of Bissektipelta archibaldi — new insights into endocranial osteology, vasculature, and paleoneurobiology of ankylosaurian dinosaurs

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Kuzmin ◽  
Ivan Petrov ◽  
Alexander Averianov ◽  
Elizaveta Boitsova ◽  
Pavel Skutschas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
3D Modeling ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Valid Taxon ◽  
First Time

We describe in detail three braincases of the ankylosaur Bissektipelta archibaldi from the Late Cretaceous (Turonian) of Uzbekistan with the aid of computed tomography, segmentation, and 3D modeling. Bissektipelta archibaldi is confirmed as a valid taxon and attributed to Ankylosaurinae based on the results of a phylogenetic analysis. The topographic relationships between the elements forming the braincase are determined using a newly referred specimen with preserved sutures, which is an exceedingly rare condition for ankylosaurs. The mesethmoid appears to be a separate ossification in the newly referred specimen ZIN PH 281/16. We revise and discuss features of the neurocranial osteology in Ankylosauria and propose new diagnostic characters for a number of its subclades. We present a 3D model of the braincase vasculature of Bissektipelta and comment on vascular patterns of armored dinosaurs. A complex vascular network piercing the skull roof and the wall of the braincase is reported for ankylosaurs for the first time. We imply the presence of a lepidosaur-like dorsal head vein and the venous parietal sinus in the adductor cavity of Bissektipelta. We suggest that the presence of the dorsal head vein in dinosaurs is a plesiomorphic diapsid trait, and extant archosaur groups independently lost the vessel. A study of two complete endocranial casts of Bissektipelta allowed us to compare endocranial anatomy within Ankylosauria and infer an extremely developed sense of smell, a keen sense of hearing at lower frequencies (100–3000 Hz), and the presence of physiological mechanisms for precise temperature control of neurosensory tissues at least in derived ankylosaurids.

scholarly journals The use of 3D modeling to determine the parameters of surgical intervention for pulmonary tuberculosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
E. A. Borodulinа ◽  
A. V. Kolsаnov ◽  
P. V. Rogozhkin ◽  
A. A. Mаnukyan
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
3D Modeling ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Bronchial Tree ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Color Mapping ◽  
Vascular Structures ◽  
Tomography Data

The clinical experience demonstrates the importance of 3D modeling when planning surgical intervention in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. The 3D model was built up based computed tomography data using Avtoplan software with plug-ins for segmentation of the lung, pathological foci, vascular structures, and bronchial tree. The data obtained during 3D modeling allowed us to plan surgery and the data were fully confirmed during the operation. The 3D model with color mapping reveals syntopy, which is extremely difficult to determine using standard computed tomography and allows the wider use of minimally invasive endoscopic surgical interventions.

scholarly journals «Глыба, нависающая над водой»: виртуальная реконструкция первоначального положения плиты с петроглифами из коллекции Национального музея Республики Карелия на мысе Пери Нос III по архивным данным

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 87-106
Author(s):  
D. Blyshko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
3D Modeling ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Archival Studies ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Virtual Modeling ◽  
First Time

The article reconstructs the initial position of the rock slab with carvings from the collection of The National Museum of the Republic of Karelia on the Peri Nos III cape. The reconstruction is based on an interdisciplinary approach. It combines archival studies, archaeological explorations, analyses of museum collections and 3D modeling. The author for the first time introduces some previously unpublished materials from G. Hallström’s and F. M. Morosov’s archives. The feasibility of reconstruction is verified using virtual modeling technologies including photogrammetry, sculpting, projection of archival photographs on a 3D model. The analysis of information contained in biographical literature allows to conclude that the rock slab was extracted and moved away in 1935. It is concluded that the initial position of the rock slab was atypical for the Onega petroglyphs. At the time the petroglyphs were being carved on the surface of the slab it had already been separated from the bedrock. The author assumes that new petroglyphs can probably be found in the future on similar rock slabs.

New and noteworthy lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi 10

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 69-108
Author(s):  
S. Y. Kondratyuk ◽  
D. K. Upreti ◽  
G. K. Mishra ◽  
S. Nayaka ◽  
K. K. Ingle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
South Asia ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Mediterranean Europe ◽  
First Time ◽  
India And China

Eight species, new for science, i.e.: Lobothallia gangwondoana S. Y. Kondr., J.-J. Woo et J.-S. Hur and Phyllopsora dodongensis S. Y. Kondr. et J.-S. Hur from South Korea, Eastern Asia, Ioplaca rinodinoides S. Y. Kondr., K. K. Ingle, D. K. Upreti et S. Nayaka, Letrouitia assamana S. Y. Kondr., G. K. Mishra et D. K. Upreti, and Rusavskia indochinensis S. Y. Kondr., D. K. Upreti et S. Nayaka from India and China, South Asia, Caloplaca orloviana S. Y. Kondr. and Rusavskia drevlyanica S. Y. Kondr. et O. O. Orlov from Ukraine, Eastern Europe, as well as Xanthoria ibizaensis S. Y. Kondr. et A. S. Kondr. from Ibiza Island, Spain, Mediterranean Europe, are described, illustrated and compared with closely related taxa. Fominiella tenerifensis S. Y. Kondr., Kärnefelt, A. Thell et Feuerer is for the first time recorded from Mediterranean Europe, Huriella loekoesiana S. Y. Kondr. et Upreti is provided from Russia for the first time, and H. pohangensis S. Y. Kondr., L. Lőkös et J.-S. Hur for the first time from China, Phoma candelariellae Z. Kocakaya et Halıcı is new to Ukraine, and Staurothele frustulenta Vain. is recorded from the Forest Zone of Ukraine for the first time. Twelve new combinations, i.e.: Bryostigma apotheciorum (for Sphaeria apotheciorum A. Massal.), Bryostigma biatoricola (for Arthonia biatoricola Ihlen et Owe-Larss.), Bryostigma dokdoense (for Arthonia dokdoensis S. Y. Kondr., L. Lőkös, B. G. Lee, J.-J. Woo et J.-S. Hur), Bryostigma epiphyscium (for Arthonia epiphyscia Nyl.), Bryostigma lobariellae (for Arthonia lobariellae Etayo), Bryostigma lapidicola (for Lecidea lapidicola Taylor), Bryostigma molendoi (for Tichothecium molendoi Heufl. ex Arnold), Bryostigma neglectulum (for Arthonia neglectula Nyl.), Bryostigma parietinarium (for Arthonia parietinaria Hafellner et Fleischhacker), Bryostigma peltigerinum (for Arthonia vagans var. peltigerina Almq.), Bryostigma phaeophysciae (for Arthonia phaeophysciae Grube et Matzer), Bryostigma stereocaulinum (for Arthonia nephromiaria var. stereocaulina Ohlert), are proposed based on results of combined phylogenetic analysis based on mtSSU and RPB2 gene sequences. Thirty-one new combinations for members of the genus Polyozosia (i.e.: Polyozosia actophila (for Lecanora actophila Wedd.), Polyozosia agardhiana (for Lecanora agardhiana Ach.), Polyozosia altunica (for Myriolecis altunica R. Mamut et A. Abbas), Polyozosia antiqua (for Lecanora antiqua J. R. Laundon), Polyozosia bandolensis (for Lecanora bandolensis B. de Lesd.), Polyozosia behringii (for Lecanora behringii Nyl.), Polyozosia caesioalutacea (for Lecanora caesioalutacea H. Magn.), Polyozosia carlottiana (for Lecanora carlottiana C. J. Lewis et Śliwa), Polyozosia congesta (for Lecanora congesta Clauzade et Vězda), Polyozosia eurycarpa (for Lecanora eurycarpa Poelt, Leuckert et Cl. Roux), Polyozosia expectans (Lecanora expectans Darb.), Polyozosia flowersiana (Lecanora flowersiana H. Magn.), Polyozosia fugiens (for Lecanora fugiens Nyl.), Polyozosia invadens (for Lecanora invadens H. Magn.), Polyozosia juniperina (for Lecanora juniperina Śliwa), Polyozosia latzelii (for Lecanora latzelii Zahlbr.), Polyozosia liguriensis (for Lecanora liguriensis B. de Lesd.), Polyozosia massei (for Myriolecis massei M. Bertrand et J.-Y. Monnat), Polyozosia mons-nivis (for Lecanora mons-nivis Darb.), Polyozosia oyensis (for Lecanora oyensis M.-P. Bertrand et Cl. Roux), Polyozosia percrenata (for Lecanora percrenata H. Magn.), Polyozosia persimilis (for Lecanora hagenii subsp. persimilis Th. Fr.), Polyozosia poeltiana (for Lecanora poeltiana Clauzade et Cl. Roux), Polyozosia prominens (for Lecanora prominens Clauzade et Vězda), Polyozosia prophetae-eliae (for Lecanora prophetae-eliae Sipman), Polyozosia salina (for Lecanora salina H. Magn.), Polyozosia schofieldii (for Lecanora schofieldii Brodo), Polyozosia sverdrupiana (for Lecanora sverdrupiana Øvstedal), Polyozosia torrida (for Lecanora torrida Vain.), Polyozosia wetmorei (for Lecanora wetmorei Śliwa), Polyozosia zosterae (for Lecanora subfusca? zosterae Ach.)) are proposed.

Experimental and numerical investigations on novel models for mechanical behaviors of the elastic ring in aero-engine

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440622110130
Author(s):  
Zhong Luo ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Xiaojie Hou ◽  
Jiaxi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Maximum Stress ◽  
Simple Structure ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
Elastic Ring ◽  
Load Range ◽  
Aero Engine ◽  
Stiffness Characteristics ◽  
First Time

The elastic ring is widely used in elastic support structures of aero-engine because of its simple structure and convenient manufacturing. In this paper, two elastic ring models, 3D and 2D models, are proposed, where the fillets between the bulges and ring are considered. The 2D model is more efficient for the calculation of stiffness characteristics. The 3D model can be used to obtain the maximum stress position in the axial direction. Then the experimental testing is carried out to verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed models. Based on the proposed models, the stiffness nonlinearity and critical load of the elastic ring are found for the first time, which can be used to determine the normal working load range. Moreover, the elastic ring models with and without fillets are developed, and the effect of the fillets on stress is discussed. The results show that the stress is reduced by considering the fillets, which are not considered in the existing literature.

scholarly journals Diversity of pathogenic Pseudomonas isolated from citrus in Tunisia

AMB Express ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maroua Oueslati ◽  
Magdalena Mulet ◽  
Mohamed Zouaoui ◽  
Charlotte Chandeysson ◽  
Jorge Lalucat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Citrus Orchards ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Cultivars

Abstract The damages observed in Tunisian citrus orchards have prompted studies on the Pseudomonas spp. responsible for blast and black pit. Prospective orchards between 2015 and 2017 showed that the diseases rapidly spread geographically and to new cultivars. A screening of Pseudomonas spp. isolated from symptomatic trees revealed their wide diversity according to phylogenetic analysis of their housekeeping rpoD and cts genes. The majority of strains were affiliated to Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Phylogroup PG02b), previously described in Tunisia. However, they exhibited various BOX-PCR fingerprints and were not clonal. This work demonstrated, for the first time in Tunisia, the involvement of Pseudomonas cerasi (PG02a) and Pseudomonas congelans (PG02c). The latter did not show significant pathogenicity on citrus, but was pathogenic on cantaloupe and active for ice nucleation that could play a role in the disease. A comparative phylogenetic study of citrus pathogens from Iran, Montenegro and Tunisia revealed that P. syringae (PG02b) strains are closely related but again not clonal. Interestingly P. cerasi (PG02a) was isolated in two countries and seems to outspread. However, its role in the diseases is not fully understood and it should be monitored in future studies. The diversity of pathogenic Pseudomonas spp. and the extension of the diseases highlight that they have become complex and synergistic. It opens questions about which factors favor diseases and how to fight against them efficiently and with sustainable means.

ANALISIS MODEL 3D DATA GAYA BERAT DALAM KEGAGALAN PEMBORAN SUMUR RESERVOAR MINYAK DI AREA X

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Ahmad Jahrudin ◽  
Pradityo Riyadi
Keyword(s):  
3D Modeling ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gravity Data ◽  
Production Well ◽  
Log Data ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Area X

The exploration of oil and gas, especially in Indonesia is experiencing various challenges and varying degrees of difficulty. In this research, the researcher tries to make a 3D modeling from gravity data, where the model will show a structure to determine the central coordinates for drilling. Pertamina has carried out drilling at a location in NTT and it turns out that the well does not produce oil and gas, even though the log data reads an oil showing that the area should have the prospect of producing oil, but the wells that have been drilled do not show any oil or gas, therefore the researchers tried to make a 3D model determine the structure around the production well. In this research, it was seen that the area of the previous drilling point had deviated from the top of the up dome and it was also seen in this structure that the area was deviated by about 3 kilometers and depth must exceed 526 m, the researcher concluded that the drilling point must be at X, Y coordinates.

New and little-known digger wasps (Hymenoptera: Ampulicidae, Sphecidae, Crabronidae) from Russia

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4952 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-330
Author(s):  
MIKHAIL V. MOKROUSOV ◽  
MAXIM YU. PROSHCHALYKIN
Keyword(s):  
Valid Taxon ◽  
New Synonymy ◽  
Tyva Republic ◽  
First Time ◽  
Unknown Male

New additions to the knowledge of digger wasps (Ampulicidae, Sphecidae, Crabronidae) in Russia are provided. Tachysphex loktionovi Mokrousov & Proshchalykin, sp. nov. is described from Tyva Republic. Five species of digger wasps are reported from Russia for the first time: Hoplammophila clypeata (Mocsáry, 1883) (Sphecidae), Tachysphex desertorum F. Morawitz, 1894, T. mongolicus Kohl, 1898, Tachytes argenteus Gussakovskij, 1933, and Trypoxylon albipes F. Smith, 1856 (Crabronidae). Misidentified Tachysphex speciosissimus Morice, 1897 (=T. gussakovskii Pulawski, 1971) is excluded from the fauna of Russia. Hitherto unknown male of Tachysphex mongolicus Kohl, 1898, stat. resurr. is described and regarded as a valid taxon. New synonymy is proposed for T. mongolicus Kohl, 1898 = T. abditus Kohl, 1898, syn. nov. Diagnosis for male of Dolichurus haemorrhous A. Costa, 1886 is updated. New regional records for seven species are recorded. The known fauna of Russia currently numbers three families, 87 genera and 694 species of digger wasps. In addition Tachytes argenteus Gussakovskij, 1933 is reported for the first time from Uzbekistan and Cyprus, and Trypoxylon beaumonti Antropov, 1991 is newly recorded from Ukraine. 

Generation of a 3D model of the inside volume of shoes for e-commerce applications using industrial X-ray computed tomography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Wittmann ◽  
G Herl ◽  
J Hiller
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Region Growing ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Surface Data ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
The Individual

Abstract In 2018, 47 % of global internet users had purchased footwear products through the internet, making it the second most popular online shopping category worldwide right after clothing with 57 %. In the same year, on average, about every sixth parcel delivered in Germany (16.3 %) was returned. With the effort and costs that are associated with the return of shoes, the objective of reducing the number of returns for shoes promises an enormous economic potential and helps to reduce the CO2 emissions due to a lower trafic volume. This paper presents a workflow for determining the inside volume surface of shoes using industrial X-ray computed tomography (CT). The fundamental idea is based on the Region Growing (RG) method for the segmentation of the shoe's inner volume. Experiments are performed to illustrate the correlation of image quality and segmentation result. After obtaining the 3D surface model of an individual foot, the inner volume surface data of a scanned shoe can then be registered and evaluated in order to provide a reliable feedback for the customer regarding the accuracy of fit of a shoe and the individual foot on the basis of an overall "metric of comfort" before buying online. This step is not part of the work at hand. Conclusions are drawn and suggestions for improving the robustness and the exibility of the workflow are given, so it can be adapted to various shoe types and implemented in a fully automated measurement process in the future.

A cladistic revision of Tortopus Needham & Murphy with description of the new genus Tortopsis (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2481 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
CARLOS MOLINERI
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Fore Wing ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Lateral View ◽  
Median Line ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
First Time

The 12 species previously placed in Tortopus together with 3 species newly described here, are revised and included in a phylogenetic analysis. Based on synapomorphic characters on the nymphs and adults of both sexes, Tortopus is restricted to T. igaranus Needham & Murphy, T. circumfluus Ulmer, T. harrisi Traver, T. zottai (Navás), T. bellus Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, and T. arenales sp. nov., and the genus is defined by: female parastyli receptors with long furrows anterior to sockets; penes entirely flattened; male ninth abdominal sternum almost separated in two portions by a median notch; mesosternum with furcasternal protuberances contiguous only on basal corner; and nymphs with two subapical tubercles on mandibular tusks. Tortopsis is newly described for T. bruchianus (Navás), T. limoncocha sp. nov., T. obscuripennis (Domínguez), T. parishi (Banks), T. primus (McDunnough), T. puella (Pictet), T. sarae (Domínguez), T. spatula sp. nov., and T. unguiculatus (Ulmer). Tortopsis is characterized by: R sector of female fore wing without additional veins between R 2 and IR; female parastyli receptors C or V-shaped, with sockets opening towards median line; male gonopore associated with a claw-like structure; penes separated from the base; parastyli more than 5 times length of pedestals; parastyli curved in lateral view; nymphs with a single subapical tubercle on mandibular tusks. The study of available type material permitted inclusion of comparative diagnoses, with figures and redescriptions as needed. The male imago of the type species of Tortopus (T. igaranus Needham & Murphy) is described for the first time, as are the female adults of Tortopus bellus Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty and T. harrisi Traver. Three new Neotropical species based on male and female adults are described: Tortopus arenales and Tortopsis limoncocha from Ecuador, and Tortopsis spatula from Colombia. Keys to separate the adults and nymphs of the genera of Polymitarcyidae, and for male and female adults of all the species of Tortopus and Tortopsis are presented, as well as line drawings, pictures and SEM photographs of important structures.

Molecular insights into the phylogenetic placement of the poorly known genus Niceforonia Goin & Cochran, 1963 (Anura: Brachycephaloidea)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4514 (4) ◽  
pp. 487
Author(s):  
ANDRÉS R. ACOSTA-GALVIS ◽  
JEFFREY W. STREICHER ◽  
LUIGI MANUELLI ◽  
TRAVIS CUDDY ◽  
RAFAEL O. DE SÁ
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New World ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Phylogenetic Inference ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
First Time

Among New World direct-developing frogs belonging to the clade Brachycephaloidea (= Terraranae), there are several genera with uncertain phylogenetic placements. One notable example is the genus Niceforonia Goin & Cochran 1963, which includes three species that are endemic to Colombia. Three specimens of the species Niceforonia nana were collected and for the first time the genus is included in a molecular phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial (mtDNA; 12S and 16S) and nuclear (nucDNA; TYR and RAG1) markers. Molecular phylogenetic inference based on concatenated and separate mtDNA and nucDNA analyses recovered Niceforonia nana nested within Hypodactylus Hedges et al. 2008, rendering the latter genus paraphyletic. Consequently, herein we place the genus Hypodactylus in the synonymy of Niceforonia to resolve the paraphyly and place Niceforonia in the subfamily Hypodactylinae. Based on our revised concept of the genus Niceforonia we conducted preliminary morphological comparisons using specimens and literature descriptions. Finally, Nicefornia nana is quite divergent from other species of Niceforonia (uncorrected genetic distances of ca. 10% 16S and 7% TYR) suggesting that further taxonomic revision may be warranted. 

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