The article analyzes the problems associated with illegal logging, as well as its illegal circulation in the territory of the Irkutsk region. Statistical information is analyzed that indicates that the situation in the field of illegal logging is much worse than in the neighboring Krasnoyarsk Territory. The range of subjects called upon to engage in forest conservation is described. A criminologically significant set of causes and conditions of crime in the forest sector is considered. The authors consider the main reasons for illegal logging in the region at the level of society to be defects in the ecological consciousness of citizens and attitudes towards extensive exploitation of the environment for the sake of economic growth. The authors attribute the low level of control over the legal turnover of timber, the shortcomings of the legislative sphere, to the conditions that are conducive to these crimes. The socio-economic factors that contribute to the crimes considered in the territory of the Irkutsk region, rich in forest resources, are analyzed. The problems associated with the degradation of the woodworking industry in the region amid an increase in the number of logging are described in detail. The authors consider shortcomings in the field of regulatory and law enforcement practice, on both a regional and federal level, which makes it possible to commit illegal logging in the region. On the basis of the study conducted, specific legislative, organizational and technical proposals are formulated to prevent crimes in the timber industry of the Irkutsk region. The measures proposed by the authors are partially or fully applicable for similar regions of Russia.

The article aims to provide insight into the process of developing eHealth law in North Macedonia. For this purpose, the work, firstly, analyzes the meaning of the basic terms of eHealth and eHealth law providing comparative definitions as well as custom definitions adopted by the authors, which cover the meaning of the terms used in this research. The main part of the article focuses on the chronological review of the development of eHealth through relevant legal documents and provisions, as well as the original research results of the process in practice. To be more precise, this development is presented as seen through two aspects: the prism of domestic legislation, as well as the influence of the European Union’s tendencies and regulation in the matter and the prism of the practice and the eHealth system, activities and functionalities that currently exist in the Macedonian healthcare system as seen by the general population and relevant international organizations (World Health Organization). Emphasis is placed on the legal aspects and the authors aim to determine if this aspect of eHealth has been supportive or opponent to the process of its development. An analysis of relevant legislation is presented in the article. Concluding remarks and recommendations are given in regard to the analyzed process in the Republic of North Macedonia.

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Mental healthcare in Hungary: contradictions and possibilities

International Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/s1749367600005713 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 36-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tamás Kurimay

Keyword(s):

Health Spending ◽

Mental Healthcare ◽

World Health ◽

Minority Population ◽

Official Language ◽

The European Union ◽

Middle Income ◽

The Republic ◽

Health Organization ◽

The Uk

The Republic of Hungary is a landlocked country of 93000 km2 in central Europe; it is bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia. Its official language is Hungarian. Hungary joined the European Union (EU) in 2004. About 90% of the population of c. 10 million is ethnically Hungarian, with Roma comprising the largest minority population (6–8%). Currently classified as a middle-income country with a gross domestic product (GDP) of $191.7 billion (2007 figure), Hungary's total health spending accounted for 7.4% of GDP in 2007, less than the average of 8.9% among member states of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD, 2009). The proportion of the total health budget for mental health is 5.1%, which is low when compared with, for instance, the UK (England and Wales 13.8%, Scotland 9.5%) (World Health Organization, 2008, p. 118, Fig. 8.1).

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Adolescent mothers’ utilisation of reproductive health services in the Gauteng province of the republic of South Africa

Curationis ◽

10.4102/curationis.v23i3.695 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

VJ Ehlers ◽

T Maja ◽

E Sellers ◽

M Gololo

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Reproductive Health ◽

Adolescent Mothers ◽

Termination Of Pregnancy ◽

World Health ◽

Reproductive Health Services ◽

Gauteng Province ◽

Emergency Contraceptive ◽

The Republic ◽

Health Organization

A financial grant was received from the World Health Organization (WHO) during 1998 to establish whether adolescent mothers (aged 19 or younger at the birth of their babies) utilized contraceptive, emergency contraceptive and termination of pregnancy (TOP) services in the Republic of South Africa (RSA). This report refers to data obtained from 111 questionnaires completed by dolescent mothers between January 2000 and May 2000 in the Gauteng Province; 61 in the Pretoria and 50 in the Garankuwa areas, and excluding the 12 completed questionnaires used foi pretesting the research instrument. The biographic data of the 111 adolescent mothers indicated that the minority were married, employed or earned sufficient income to care for themselves and their babies. However, the minority used contraceptives prior to conception, none used emergency contraceptives or termination of pregnancy (TOP) services. The minority attended ante-natal clinics five or more times during their pregnancies, and a negligible number indicated that they had ever been treated for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). These findings indicate that the 111 adolescent mothers in Gauteng who participated in this survey did not make optimum use of the available reproductive health (RH) care services. Education about sex, pregnancy and contraceptives should commence at the age of 10, but no later than the age of 12 as the majority of respondents did not have the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions about their futures. The accessibility of contraceptive, emergency contraceptive and TOP services for adolescents should be investigated in specific areas and attempts made to enhance such accessi- bility. This might necessitate offering these services over weeker| ds or during evenings when school girls could attend without fear of meeting their mothers, aunts or teachers at these clinics.

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Mental health in the Dominican Republic

International Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/s1749367600006172 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 12-14

Author(s):

Miguel R. Hernández ◽

Tresha Ann Gibbs ◽

Luisa Gautreaux-Subervi

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Dominican Republic ◽

World Health Organization ◽

Urban Areas ◽

World Health ◽

The Public ◽

Pan American ◽

The Caribbean ◽

The Republic ◽

Health Organization

The Dominican Republic is located in the Caribbean Sea and comprises three-quarters of the island Hispaniola, which it shares with Haiti. According to the 2002 census, approximately 8.5 million people live in the Republic, with 64% residing in urban areas (Oficina Nacional Estadística, n.d.). During 1990 and 2000, the Dominican Republic was a leader in economic development for Latin America and the Caribbean; however, this was not reflected in the areas of human and social development (Pan American Health Organization & World Health Organization, 2007). Less than 1 % of the health budget administered by the Ministry of Public Health and Social Assistance (MISPAS) is allocated to mental health and the public system is generally underfunded (Pan American Health Organization & World Health Organization, 2008). However, there is an array of mental health services within the country when privately funded facilities are taken into account.

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Legal Aspects of Protecting the State Border of the Republic of Poland during Pandemics

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0014.4272 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 75 ◽

pp. 189-204

Author(s):

Robert Socha

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Legal Aspects ◽

The State ◽

World Health ◽

Border Control ◽

Legal Regulations ◽

The European Union ◽

The World ◽

The Republic ◽

International Threat

The problems raised in this article focus on the issues related to the solutions adopted by the Polish legislator as to the protection of the state border in the context of an international threat. The author presents the legal conditions related to the probability of temporary reintroduction of border control for persons crossing the state border regarded as an internal border of the European Union in the event of a threat to public health. The background for these considerations are legal regulations concerning the change in the organization of the protection of the state border of the Republic of Poland, as introduced due to the World Health Organization’s announcement of the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus leading to the COVID-19 disease.

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A Review of COVID-19-Related Publications and Lag Times During the First Six Months of the Year 2020

Western Journal of Emergency Medicine ◽

10.5811/westjem.2021.3.51737 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 958-962

Author(s):

Christopher Carvalho ◽

Matthew Fuller ◽

Emmanuel Quaidoo ◽

Ahson Haider ◽

Jonathan Rodriguez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Information ◽

General Medicine ◽

World Health ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Original Research ◽

Journal Articles ◽

Medicine Journal ◽

Time Period ◽

Lag Times ◽

Health Organization

Introduction: Considering the need for information regarding approaches to prevention and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we sought to determine publication lag times of COVID-19-related original research articles published in top general medicine and emergency medicine (EM) journals. We further sought to characterize the types of COVID-19 publications within these journals. Methods: We reviewed 125 top-ranked general medicine journals and 20 top-ranked EM-specific journals for COVID-19-related publications. We abstracted article titles and manuscript details for each COVID-19-related article published between January 1–June 30, 2020, and categorized articles as one of the following: original research; case report; review; or commentary. We abstracted data for preprint publications over the same time period and determined whether articles from the general medicine and EM journals had been previously published as preprint articles. Our primary outcomes were the following: 1) lag time (days) between global cumulative World Health Organization (WHO)-confirmed cases of COVID-19 and publications; 2) lag times between preprint article publication and peer-reviewed journal publication; and 3) lag times between submission and publication in peer-reviewed journals. Our secondary outcome was to characterize COVID-19-related publications. Results: The first original research publications appeared in a general medicine journal 20 days and in an EM journal 58 days after the first WHO-confirmed case of COVID-19. We found median and mean lag times between preprint publications and journal publications of 32 days (19, 49) and 36 days (22) for general medicine journals, and 26 days (16, 36) and 25 days (13) for EM journals. Median and mean lag times between submission and publication were 30 days (19, 45) and 35 days (13) for general medicine journals, and 23 days (11, 39) and 27 days (19) for EM journals. Of 2530 general medicine journal articles and 351 EM journal articles, 28% and 23.6% were original research. We noted substantial closing of the preprint to peer-reviewed publication (160 days pre-pandemic) and peer-reviewed journal submission to publication (194 days pre-pandemic) lag times for COVID-19 manuscripts. Conclusion: We found a rapid and robust response with shortened publication lag times to meet the need for the publication of original research and other vital medical information related to COVID-19 during the first six months of 2020.

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Application of innovative standards of “green” construction in Tatarstan on the example of Kazan

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202127401001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 274 ◽

pp. 01001

Author(s):

Tatyana Zakirova

Keyword(s):

Urban Planning ◽

Environmental Control ◽

Theory And Practice ◽

World Health ◽

Regional Office ◽

New Business ◽

The Republic ◽

Health Organization ◽

Market Relations ◽

The City

The article discusses the prospects for the application of innovative technologies in the theory and practice of urban planning on the example of Kazan. Market relations in recent decades in our country have created a number of acute problems of modern urban planning – the curtailment of long-term planning, the reduction of environmental control in the city and its environs, etc. It is necessary to refer to the Healthy Cities initiative of the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. The first steps in this direction have already been taken in Kazan. This is a project of the new business center of the Republic of Tatarstan «Smart City Kazan» and the first «smart house» built on the territory of the Technopolis Himgrad. In Kazan, there are prerequisites for the introduction of ecourban design methods. These are vast water areas of the Volga and Kazanka rivers, the banks of which have not yet been fully developed. This is a large square in the city center, which was vacated after moving the airport outside the city limits. For Kazan, it will also be useful to replace the decorative glass false facades, often found on brick buildings after reconstruction, with vertical «solar walls» of air thermal technology.

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Determinants of Overweight and Underweight among Children under 5 in Kazakhstan

The Open Public Health Journal ◽

10.2174/1874944502114010501 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 501-508

Author(s):

Bakhytzhan Kurmanov ◽

Yolanda Pena-Boquete ◽

Aizhan Samambayeva ◽

Galym Makhmejanov

Keyword(s):

Child Nutrition ◽

Wealth Quintile ◽

World Health ◽

Lower Probability ◽

Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey ◽

Multiple Indicator ◽

Standard Deviations ◽

The Republic ◽

Health Organization ◽

Children Under 5

Background: During the last 10 years, the prevalence of underweight has decreased considerably in Kazakhstan and, nowadays, it is set under 3% for children under 5 years old. However, the prevalence of overweight, which was not important at all in the 90s, is reaching 10% for children under 5 nowadays. This means that there is a co-existence between being underweight and overweight in the same country and, in some cases, within the same region. In order to design policies addressing both problems and avoiding policies, which may solve underweight but worsening overweight, and vice versa, the aim of this paper is to analyse the socioeconomic determinants of the two problems. Methods: We estimate the probability of occurrence using the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) collected by the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and Agency of Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan for the years 2006, 2010-2011 and 2015. This survey includes a questionnaire for children younger than 5 years old containing information on maternal and child health. We consider that a child is overweight if she/he falls over two standard deviations of the World Health Organization standards (WHO) for her/his age. Similarly, we consider that a child is underweight if she/he falls below the two standard deviations of the WHO standards. Results: Children of mothers with higher education have a higher probability of being overweight (6,8%) and less probability of being underweight (-5,5%). This effect disappears for children older than 2 years old. Children of Russian origin and other ethnic groups show a lower probability of being overweight in comparison with their Kazakh peers. Being born in the highest wealth quintile reduces the risk of a child under 2 years old being underweight (-2,9%). On the other side, children in rich families at age 2-4 years old have a higher probability of being overweight (3,7%). Conclusion: Health policy aimed to improve family and institution´s knowledge on child nutrition could be effective measures to reduce infant overweight.

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Democracy Backsliding as a Danger of Sustainable Development in the Post-Pandemic Period: Social and Legal aspects of Decision

SHS Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/shsconf/202112606007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 126 ◽

pp. 06007

Author(s):

Oleg Tkach ◽

Оleh Batrymenko ◽

Dmytro Nelipa ◽

Mykola Khylko

Keyword(s):

Human Life ◽

Legal Aspects ◽

World Health ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

The World ◽

The Government ◽

Democratic Principles ◽

Health Organization ◽

The Individual ◽

The Right

The article considers topical issues of the threat of collapse of democracy. Examples of the democracy collapse have shown the lack of free and fair elections in the world, which threatens the independence of the judiciary, restrictions on the right to freedom of speech, which limits the ability of the political opposition to challenge the government, to prosecute, to offer alternatives to the regime. The collapse of democracy in connection with the spread of COVID-19 is being considered, as the democratic spectrum has repeatedly resorted to excessive control, discriminatory restrictions on freedoms such as movement and assembly, and arbitrary or coercive coercion. Attention is drawn to the fact that the outbreak of coronavirus COVID-19 has led to the introduction in all countries of restrictions on the rights and freedoms of the individual in order to prevent the spread of this infectious disease, declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. Thus, the unusual nature of the COVID - 19 coronavirus pandemic poses numerous dilemmas to the public, governments, parliaments, the judiciary, law enforcement and many other actors when it comes to the need for effective protection of health and, ultimately, human life, as well as adherence to and ensuring the fundamental democratic principles of man and society.

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TREATMENT OF DIABETES, EDUCATION ON THE COMPLICATIONS FROM THE DISEASE AND IMPORTANCE OF THE HYGIENE-DYTHETIC REGIME

Knowledge International Journal ◽

10.35120/kij2802581p ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 581-589

Author(s):

Gordana Panova ◽

Georgi Shumanov ◽

Danijel Trajanovski

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Education ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

World Health ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

World Population ◽

Dietary Regimen ◽

Medication Therapy ◽

Republic Of Macedonia ◽

The Republic ◽

Health Organization

Introduction: Diabetes is a metabolic disease that has a chronic and aggressive nature, characterized by a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism due to decreased secretion of insulin from the pancreas, thereby increasing the blood sugar level - hyperglycemia. Symptoms that characterize this disease are: polyuria, polydipsia and polyphagia.The World Health Organization defines diabetes as an elevated blood glucose level followed by symptoms, increased values during two measurements:Fast plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol / L (126 mg / dL) orPlasma Glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol / L (200 mg / dL), which is determined by an oral glucose tolerance test, which is measured two hours after the patient receives 75 g of glucose solution. (HbA1c) ≥6.5%Objectives: The goals of the work are to show the characteristics of the disease with an emphasis on the treatment of it, the importance of education and explanation for possible complications and hygiene dietary regimen with statistics of patients in the Republic of Macedonia in 2017Materials and Methods: Data from the Public Health Institute of the Republic of Macedonia for newly diagnosed diseased in 2017 have been used, explaining the importance of diabetes education to patients with diabetes.Results: The survey showed that, statistically, the number of cases increases after the fifth decade. Lifestyle and genetics play an important role.Conclusion: The disease itself is very specific and if it is not controlled it can contribute to several acute and chronic complications that further complicate the process of treatment of the same. With the educative approach of healthcare professionals towards all the people who deal with diabetes, with love, empathy and dedication, the problem that affects a large group of the entire world population will become a solved puzzle.The proper use of medication and non-medication therapy also plays a major role in the treatment of the disease. Proper physical activity, knowledge of the bread units and proper use of them, in line with good medication therapy, using the innovative methods in medicine, the disease can be controlled very easily.

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Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Gabon and the Republic of Congo

Weekly releases (1997–2007) ◽

10.2807/esw.06.01.01997-en ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

A C de Benoist

Keyword(s):

World Health Organization ◽

World Health ◽

Haemorrhagic Fever ◽

Republic Of Congo ◽

The World ◽

Republic Of The Congo ◽

The Republic ◽

Health Organization

As of 1 January, the World Health Organization (WHO) has reported 32 cases of Ebola haemorrhagic fever, including 23 deaths, in Gabon and the Republic of the Congo (1). Fifteen cases have been laboratory confirmed, and 17 have been linked epidemiologically. Twenty of the cases were detected in Gabon and 12 in the neighbouring villages of the Republic of Congo. An additional seven suspected cases in Gabon and two suspected cases in the Republic of Congo are under investigation.

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