scholarly journals Testicular Morphological Changes Produced by Fluoroquinolones in Adult Male Albino Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubina Iqbal ◽  
Saud Iqbal ◽  
Iram Atta
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats

AbstractObjectives:  The objective of this research work was to observe the testicular morphological changes produced by fluoroquinolones in the reproductive organs of adult male albino rats, and to see whether these changes are reversible after discontinuation of the drugs.Materials and Method:  Eighty adult male albino rats weighing 200 – 300 gms were randomly selected and divided into four groups i.e. A, B, C & D, having 20 animals in each group. A, B & C, were the experimental groups & D served as control group. All the groups were further divided into sub groups 1 & 2. Three fluoroquinolones i.e. Ciprofloxacin (135 mg / kg / day), Ofloxacin (75 mg / kg / day) & Enoxacin (12.5 mg / kg/ day) were given to the groups A, B & C respectively for 42 days. Animals of group D received dis-tilled water only. Animals of sub groups A1, B1, C1 &D1 were sacrificed on 42nd day and testicular tissue was obtained for morphological study. Animals of subgroups A2, B2, C2 & D2 were sacrificed on 84th day and testicular tissue for morphological changes was taken. No of leydig cells, height of epithelium and diameter of seminiferous tubules were taken as experimental parameters for morphological changes.Results:  The study indicated statistically significant (P < 0.05) decrease in height of epithelium, diameter of seminiferous tubules and no. of leydig cells in experimental groups as compared to the control groups.Conclusion:  The changes observed in morphology could lead to decrease in sperm count and testosterone levels. This study suggests gonadotoxic potentials of fluoroquinolones and adds concern to the indiscriminate and widespread use of fluoroquinolones and recommends more rational use of these drugs.

scholarly journals Low semen quality and adverse histological changes in testes of adult male mice treated with bee venom (Apis mellifera)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-79
Author(s):  
Sassia O. Regeai ◽  
Salma A. Abusrer ◽  
Naema S. Shibani
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Bee Venom ◽  
Reproductive Status ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Histological Changes

Background: Male infertility has been on the rise since the past seven decades. Recently, in Libya, bee venom therapy (BVT) has become a popular method among alternative healthcare practitioners for treating male infertility. However, a literature search did not find any published studies that investigated the use of BVT for infertility treatment. Aim: To investigate the effect of bee venom on the male reproductive status through measurements of semen quality parameters and testicular histological changes in adult male mice. Methods: A total of 48 male mice were randomly divided into three experimental groups (which were subdivided into two subgroups with eight mice each) as follows: control, bee venom sting (BVS), and bee venom injection (BVI). The normal control subgroup mice were not subjected to any treatment, while the vehicle control subgroup mice were injected (i.p.) with 200 μl of 0.9% saline solution. In the BVS-treated subgroups, each mouse was stung by one live bee for five times (BVS-5) or seven times (BVS-7) every third day for 2 or 3 weeks. While each mouse in the BVI-treated subgroups received 23 μg/kg in a dose volume of 200 μl BVIs (i.p.) for five times (BVI-5) or seven times (BVI-7) every third day for 15 or 21 days. Results: The findings of this study showed that repeated bee venom treatment by sting or injection to adult male mice resulted in a significant decline in testosterone levels, sperm count, sperm motility, and a very significant increase in the percentage of abnormal sperm morphology; also, there were harmful testicular histological changes in the structural organization of seminiferous tubules and degenerative changes in the germinal epithelium compared to control group. Conclusion: The results of this study provide evidence for the low semen quality and adverse testicular histological changes in male mice treated with bee venom. Hence, there is a desperate need for educating alternative healthcare practitioners and infertile couples about the harmful effects of BVT on reproductive status.

scholarly journals Histological and immunohistochemical study of cyclophosphamide effect on adult rat testis

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoda H. Anan ◽  
Nashwa S. Wahba ◽  
Maha A. Abdallah ◽  
Dalia A. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Fibrous Sheath ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Reduced Height

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Nowadays, cyclophosphamide is widely used as anticancer and immunosuppressive agent in various drug regimens in many diseases and in young and old age. The aim of this research is to study the possible histological changes that may occur in the testes of adult male albino rats as a result of chronic exposure to cyclophosphamide and the prognosis of this effect.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Thirty healthy adult male albino rats were used in this study.  They were equally divided into three groups; a control, an experimental and a withdrawal groups. The Animals of the experimental group were treated with daily dose of 5 mg/ kg cyclophosphamide orally for successive 28 days. Animals of the withdrawal group were left without treatment and sacrificed after 28 days from the last dose of cyclophosphamide.  At the time of sacrifice, all animals were anesthetized by ether inhalation and their testes were dissected out carefully and processed for light and electron microscope examinations<span lang="EN-IN">. </span><span lang="EN-IN"> </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Testes of the cyclophosphamide treated group revealed presence of many distorted shrunken seminiferous tubules which appeared with marked reduction in the thickness of the epithelium and wide lumina. Many germ cells with deeply stained nuclei, giant cells in mitosis and intracellular vacuoles were observed. Cross sections in mid pieces of sperms showed marked affection of axoneme, fibrous sheath and mitochondrial sheath. The cytoplasm of the Leydig cells contained mitochondria, dilated SER, Golgi cisternae and RER. Testes of the withdrawal group showed that the seminiferous tubules still had reduced height of their epithelium with wide intercellular spaces. Abnormal stratification and destructed germinal epithelium were evident with desquamated germ cells. Cross sections of mid pieces of the sperms showed distorted axoneme and swollen mitochondrial sheath. The cytoplasm of leydig cells contained many electron dense granules, RER, many dilated SER and mitochondria.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Chronic cyclophosphamide treatment not only produced serious histological changes of the testis but also in its serological parameter. These changes persisted after cessation of cyclophosphamide administration which indicates the cumulative irreversible toxic effect of cyclophosphamide. So, it is advisable to avoid the usage of cyclophosphamide as possible especially in young patients<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"> </p>

scholarly journals Pro-Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Pathways which Compromise Sperm Motility and Survival May Be Altered by L-Carnitine

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel R. A. Abd-Allah ◽  
Gouda K. Helal ◽  
Abdulaziz A. Al-Yahya ◽  
Abdulaziz M. Aleisa ◽  
Salim S. Al-Rejaie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Testicular Dysfunction ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The testis is an immunologically privileged organ. Sertoli cells can form a blood-testis barrier and protect sperm cells from self-immune system attacks. Spermatogenesis may be inhibited by severe illness, bacterial infections and chronic inflammatory diseases but the mechanism(s) is poorly understood. Our objective is to help in understanding such mechanism(s) to develop protective agents against temporary or permanent testicular dysfunction. Lipopolysaccaride (LPS) is used as a model of animal sepsis while L-carnitine (LCR) is used as a protective agent. A total of 60 male Swiss albino rats were divided into four groups (15/group). The control group received Saline; the 2ndgroup was given LCR (500 mg/kg i.p, once). The third group was treated with LPS (5 mg/kg i.p once) and the fourth group received LCR then LPS after three hours. From each group, five rats were used for histopathological examination. Biochemical parameters were assessed in the remaining ten rats. At the end of the experiment, animals were lightly anaesthetized with ether where blood samples were collected and testes were dissected on ice. Sperm count and motility were evaluated from cauda epididymis in each animal. Also, oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring testicular contents of reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-HDG, the DNA adduct for oxidative damage) in testicular DNA. The pro-inflammatory mediator nitric oxide (NO) in addition to lactate dehydrogenase (LDHx) isoenzyme-x activity as an indicator for normal spermatozoal metabolism were assessed in testicular homogenate. Serum interlukin (IL)-2 level was also assessed as a marker for T-helper cell function. The obtained data revealed that LPS induced marked reductions in sperm's count and motility, obstruction in seminiferous tubules, hypospermia and dilated congested blood vessels in testicular sections concomitant with decreased testicular GSH content and LDHx activity. Moreover, the testicular levels of MDA, 8-HDG (in testicular DNA) and NO as well as serum IL-2 level were increased. Administration of LCR before LPS returned both sperm count and motility to normal levels. Also, contents of testicular GSH, MDA, 8-HDG and NO returned back to the corresponding control values. In addition, serum IL-2 level as well as histological abnormalities were markedly improved in LCR + LPS-treated rats. In conclusion, LPS increased proinflammatory and oxidative stress markers in the testis leading to a marked testicular dysfunction. L-carnitine administration ameliorates these effects by antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory mechanisms suggesting a protective role against male infertility in severely infected or septic patients.

scholarly journals Effects of Cadmium and /or Chromium on reproductive organs and semen profiles of male albino rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Eman Abd Elhafeez ◽  
Amal Halawa ◽  
Mohamed Hamed ◽  
Mamdouh Abouelmaged
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Count ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Sodium Dichromate ◽  
Spermatogenic Epithelium

Objective: To evaluate the potential hazards of cadmium and/or chromium on the reproductive system of adult male albino rat. Design: Randomized controlled study. Animals: Forty mature male albino rats weighing 260 ± 10 g. Procedures: Rats were allocated into four groups (ten animals each). Control group (group 1), group 2 received 4.4 mg kg-1 cadmium chloride, group 3 was given 2.5 mg kg-1 sodium dichromate and group 4 received combination of Cd (2.2 mg kg-1) and Cr (1.25mg kg-1) orally, once daily for 65 consecutive days. Results: Exposure to Cd or Cr, in particular their combination, caused a reduction in the index weights of testes, epididymis, seminal vesicle and prostate glands. They induced a reduction of sperm count and viability with an increase of abnormal sperm morphology. Interestingly, in the combination group (Cd and Cr together), the deleterious effects were more noticeable. Pathologically, both Cd and Cr produced degenerative changes in seminiferous tubules, necrosis of spermatogenic epithelium within the testis. Moreover, the interstitial tissue of epididymis showed marked edema and prostate showed necrosis and serous exudate of lining epithelium. In the interaction group, testis showed complete degenerative changes and necrosis of spermatogenic epithelium, with marked interstitial edema and hyperplastic epithelial lining of epididymal tubules. Conclusion and clinical relevance: The present results support the hypothesis that the testis is one of the most sensitive organs to Cd and/or Cr and that the exposure to any of them or to their combination lead to testicular damage and thereby male infertility.

scholarly journals Histological Alterations Induced by Atorvastatin Therapeutic Doses in some Organs of Male Albino Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Twana Mustafa ◽  
Hamza Abdulah
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Heart Attacks ◽  
Histological Alterations ◽  
Therapeutic Doses

Vascular disease and heart attacks are a common phenomenon in the modern world, where lipid accumulates inside blood vessels and causes plug, eventually heart stroke and death. Utilize lipidlowering drugs are the most effective factors to prevent heart disease. Atorvastatin is the most important drugs that used in this field. The aim of this study was to investigate the adverse effects of atorvastatin (20 mg/kg/b.wt/day) on some organs of albino. 12 adult male albino rats weighing 200 ± 20 g were used and divided into two groups: First group served as control group, was given 0.72 ml distilled water/rat. The second group was subjected to treatments with atorvastatin in a dose of 20 mg/kg/b.wt/day as a single daily dose (0.72 ml contained 1.44 mg of atorvastatin) orally by gastric tube for 4 weeks. Histological alterations were examined, and the results of atorvastatintreated groups showed changes in the kidney sections, which include focal tubular edema and glomerular atrophy, also liver sections revealed foci of lymphocyte accumulation, cytoplasmic vacuolization, as well as sections of the testes showed degenerative changes in the seminiferous tubules. According to this study, we can conclude that atorvastatin-induced various deleterious changes in the histological structure of the testes, kidneys and cause mild liver alteration of adult male albino rat.

scholarly journals Lipopolysaccharide Prompts Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Rats’ Testicular Tissue

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal A Halawa ◽  
Mohamed A El-Adl ◽  
Mohamed F Hamed ◽  
Ahmed Z Balboula ◽  
Mohammed A Elmetwally
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a component of the outer membrane of gram negative bacteria. LPS challenging allows switching transcription of proinflammatory cytokines on via over stimulation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling pathway with subsequent pathogenic inflammatory response. We investigated the possible reproductive toxicity of LPS in male Wister albino rats. Oxidative stress markers, antioxidant status and caspase-3 activity were analyzed in testicular tissues of rats exposed to either saline or LPS (4 mg/kg BW, ip; 0.18 of the LD50). The samples were collected at 6 h and 72 h after injection of LPS. A significant reduction in testicular reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was observed at 72 h compared to control group. Total antioxidant capacity was decreased at 6 h with additional significant reduction at 72 h. Catalase activity was reduced significantly at both 6 and 72 h. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was increased (P ≤ 0.05) in LPS injected rats without variation between 6 and 72 h. A significant increase in nitric oxide (NO) was observed at 72 h after injection. A time-dependent increase in LPS-treated groups was observed in the concentration of caspase-3.Histopathological analysis revealed degenerative changes and necrosis of seminiferous tubules after 6 h with further accumulation of eosinophilic edematous transudate in its lumen after 72 h. In conclusion, by increasing time of exposure, LPS induced lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, reduced testicular antioxidant capacity and encouraged testicular apoptosis which could be possible mechanisms for impairment of testicular function.

AMELIORATIVE EFFECTS OF MGS04 ON DEXAMETHASONE- INDUCED HISTO-CHEMICAL ALTERATIONS IN THE TESTES OF ALBINO RATS

1969 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 753-757
Author(s):  
INAYATULLAH ◽  
MOHAMMAD KHAN ◽  
MARIYA HIDAYAT ◽  
LUTFUR-RAHMAN ◽  
ASMA SIDDIQUI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Testosterone Level ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Concomitant Administration ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Serum Testosterone Level ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Group B

BACKGROUND: In experimental animal, dexamethasone-induced impaired spermatogenesis causesdisruption of the normal architecture of seminiferous tubules and alteration in male sexual hormonetestosterone. Concomitant administration of MgS04 preserved the cytoarchitecture of testes as well ashormonal regulation in albino rats.OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to observe the ameliorative effects of MgS04 on the histologyof testes and there correlation with serum testosterone level during dexamethasone administration inalbino rats.METHODOLOGY: This experimental study was conducted in the department of Anatomy, BasicA LMedical Sciences Institute (BMSI), Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi from 5 Aprilto 25th April 2012. Thirty healthy male adult albino rats were included in the study and divided equallyinto 3 groups. Each group comprising 10 animals. Group-A served as Control. Group-B receivedDexamethasone (intraperitonealy) at the dose of 4mg/kg body weight/24 hours. Group-C receivedDexamethasone at the same dose as in group-B and additionally given MgS04 (intramuscularly) at thedose of 20mg/kg/24hours.RESULTS: MgS04 significantly preserved the cytoarchitecture of testes, as well as minimizedalteration in serum testosterone level in group-C animals.CONCLUSION: MgSO4 has restored both the histological and biochemical damaging effects inducedby dexamethasone in Rats testes.KEYWORDS: Dexamethasone, MgS04, Testicular tissue, Testosterone.

scholarly journals Effect of Phitofert® on testicular function of vasectomized mature mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Muna Yousif ◽  
saad Al-Dujal ◽  
Jawad Arrak
Keyword(s):  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Serum Lh

This study was designed to evaluate the role of Phitofert® in the improvement of testes function and attenuating DNA fragmentation in vasectomized and healthy adult mice. Twenty four adult male breed such Albino mice were randomly and equally divided into four groups (G1, G2, G3 and G4). Mice were treated for 35days as follows: the G1 mice were non-vasectomized and given DW and served as controls, mice in G2 were non-vasectomized and given Phitofert® daily with a dose of 0.035mg/kg BW, mice in G3 were vasectomized without treatment while the mice in G4 were vasectomized and given same dose of Phitofert®. At the end of the experiment, fasting blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture for measuring LH and FSH hormones concentrations and section from testes were taken tomeasure the number of Leydig cells and diameter of semniferous tubules. The results of current data showed significant increase of serum LH and FSH concentrations in G2 healthy treated group as compared with control and other groups. Also, the treatment of G4 vasectomized mice with Phitofert® caused significant increase in serum concentration of the above hormones as compared with G3 vasectomized non-treated. The study showed that DNA fragmentation that resulted from the G2 healthy treated mice were lower than that obtained from the control group and other vasectomized mice (G3, G4). The diameters of the seminiferous tubules and the numbers of Leydig cells showed significant increase in healthy and vasectomized treated group (G1, G4) as compared with G3 vasectomized non-treated group. It was concluded that healthy and vasectomized treated of adult male mice with Phitofert® lead to clear improvement of level of reproductive hormones.

scholarly journals The effects of electromagnetic waves emitted by the cell phones on the testicular tissue

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 274
Author(s):  
Muhammet Ihsan Karaman ◽  
Ali Murat Gökçe ◽  
Orhan Koca ◽  
Bilal Karaman ◽  
Metin Ishak Öztürk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Cell Phones ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objectives: Various risks have emerged in parallel to the rapidly increasing use of cell phones. Herein we studied the effects of cell phone emitted electromagnetic waves (EMW) on rat testes. Material and Methods: Twenty one adult male Albino rats were grouped into 3 groups each consisting of 7 rats. The first group was exposed to EMW on talk mode for 8 hours per day for 20 days and then their testes were extracted. The testes of the second group were extracted after 20 days of whole day EMW exposure. The third group was the control group. For the statistical analysis Mann- Whitney U analysis was performed. Results: At light microscopic examination of the testicular tissue, the existence of a high number of immature cells in the lumen of the seminiferous tubule in addition to the normal seminiferous tubules, besides irregular tubules with a reduction in the spermatogenic cell lines and tubules without lumen were observed in groups 1 and 2. Histopathological alterations were scored as 0 = none, 1 = low, 2 = medium, 3 = serious. The average scores of the three groups were found to be 4.25 ± 1.5 for the group 1, 4.33 ± 3.9 for the group 2 and 0.37 ± 1.1 for the group 3 respectively. As a result of the statistical evaluation, group 1 and group 2 had significantly higher scores than the control group (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Infertility is one of the current problems of today due to a rapid increase in its incidence and cost. The negative effects of the EMWs on the testis should be taken into account and the necessary measures should be taken for prevention.

scholarly journals The Compound Expression of HSP90 and INOS in the Testis of Diabetic Rats as Cellular and Pathologic Adverse Effects of Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ali Alsarhan ◽  
Kawther Faisal Amawi ◽  
Inas Saleh Al-Mazari ◽  
Hashem Abu Hurirah ◽  
Ahed J. Alkhatib
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Male Reproduction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Immunohistochemical Examination ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Diabetic Model ◽  
Alloxan Monohydrate

Introduction. Diabetes is increasingly prevalent at global level and associated with various impacts including the male reproductive system. Aims. This research is aimed at investigating the influence of diabetes on the localization and expression of HSP90 and iNOS in the testicular tissue of diabetic rats. Methods. A diabetic model was developed through a single injection of alloxan monohydrate intraperitoneally (purchased from Sigma-Aldrich) 120 mg/kg body weight following fasting for 12 hrs. The experiment involved two groups, the control and diabetic groups with 10 albino rats in each group. Diabetes was considered if glucose concentration was ≥200 mg/dl. The experiment duration was for one month. After the experiment had finished, all rats were terminated and prepared for routine histological and immunohistochemical examination. Results. The results revealed that diabetes caused morphological changes at histological level in testicular tissue. Immunohistochemical examination showed that diabetes significantly upregulated the expression of both HSP90 and iNOS in the testicular tissue of diabetic rats as compared with that of the control group (p<0.001). Conclusion. Diabetes may induce adverse health effects on the male reproduction through upregulation of HSP90 and iNOS in the testicular tissue of diabetic rats.

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