scholarly journals A Study on Gender Differences in Workplace Communication across Organizations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kabita Kumari Dash ◽  
◽  
Susanta Kumar Dash ◽  
Swayamprabha Satpathy ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Workplace Communication ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Academic Factors ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
And Gender

Communication is an important aspect of human existence. It has a huge impact on the functioning of any organization. Organizations progress if there is close and greater coordination among both genders. The present study was conducted at Bhubaneswar, the capital city of Odisha. Socio-academic data on 120 employees of three different types of organizations, viz. Government, NGO and Corporate, taken at random were included in the present study. This is an empirical study on gender differences and their effect on workplace communication in various organizations. The objectives of this study are to find out the gender differences in communication in different workplaces and analyze the effects of socio-academic factors like age, qualification and experience on gender-related communication. The study findings depict qualification and gender was found to be dependent across the organizations with ?2 estimate of 8.542. More employees were found to be engaged under moderate qualifications from both genders. The age and experience of employees were revealed to be independent of the gender of employees in the present study. The distribution of males recorded significant dependency of age and organization with ?2 value of 20.081 revealing a higher frequency of higher age group employees in government and non-government institutions in comparison to corporate. Both the new entrants and highly experienced females had lower communication abilities than their male counterparts. However, in the middle part of employment, the females showed an edge over males with regard to this variable. Females in the age group of 31 to 40 years recorded significantly better organizational communication than their male counterparts.

Lifespan Snapshot of Physical Activity Assessed by Accelerometry in Porto

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Silva ◽  
Luisa Aires ◽  
Rute Marina Santos ◽  
Susana Vale ◽  
Greg Welk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
Group 12 ◽  
Age And Gender Differences ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Objectively Measured

Background:The purpose of the study is to evaluate age and gender differences in objectively measured levels of physical activity (PA) in a large and diverse sample of residents from an urban area in Porto, Portugal.Methods:Participants included 822 residents, 334 males (41%), and 488 females (59%), aged 6 to 90 years. GT1M accelerometer was used to assess daily PA over 7 consecutive days, and the measurement was from October (2007) to June (2008).Results:Males were more active than females. This difference was attenuated in the 2 oldest age groups (40−59 and 60+ yrs). An accentuated declined in all PA variables occurred between the youngster group (6−11 yrs) and adolescents group (12−19 yrs). Surprisingly, young adults (20−39 yrs) engaged in more moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) than adolescents. Further, females also had higher MVPA in the fourth group (40−59 yrs) compared with the second group (12−19 yrs). Males had higher compliance rates of PA guidelines than females regardless the age group considered. Adolescents had very low compliance rates (females = 18.18%; males = 33.50%).Conclusions:Porto metropolitan area residents had low rates of compliance with current PA guidelines. A low level of PA in Porto adolescents is a matter of concern and suggests that interventions are needed.

scholarly journals Mindfulness: Age and gender differences on a Bosnian sample

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Alispahic ◽  
Enedina Hasanbegovic-Anic
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
General Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age And Gender Differences ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Acting With Awareness

The goal of this research was to examine age and gender differences in mindfulness on Bosnian general population. The study was conducted on a sample of 441 participants from the general population, from twelve cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina. As a measure of mindfulness we used Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire. Results showed that older participants’ scores were higher than for younger participants for all aspects of mindfulness. There was found a statistically significant difference between the three age groups on the subscales of Acting with awareness F(2, 435) = 7.39, p < .01 and of Non-judging of inner experience F(2, 428) = 5.67, p < .01. We found statistically significant difference for the Acting with awareness between 20-32 age group (M = 28.57, SD = 5.66) and 33-49 age group (M = 31.01, SD = 5.00, t(292) = -3.91, p < .001), and between 20-32 age group and 50+ group (M = 30.14, SD = 5,86, t(290) = -2.32, p < .05). Also, there was a significant difference for the Non-judging between 20-32 age group (M = 24.77, SD = 5.80) and 33-49 age group (M = 26.65, SD = 5.09, t(288) = -2.94, p < .01), and between 20-32 age group and 50+ group (M = 26.49, SD = 4.90, t(287) = -2,71, p < .05). According to the t-test results, there was statistically significant gender difference between the subscales Observing (t(432) = -2.259, p < .05) and Acting with awareness (t(432) = 2.197, p < .05), women scored higher than men on the subscale Observing, while men exhibited higher scores on the subscale Acting with awareness. Results of this research showed that there were found significant age and gender differences for some aspects of mindfulness in the sample of Bosnian general population.

scholarly journals Diferenças e diversidades na escola: violências vivenciadas por professores e estudantes do ensino médio nas escolas de Vitória - ES/Differences and diversities at school: violences lived by teachers and students of high school in Vitoria – ES

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-779
Author(s):  
Gustavo Artur Monzeli ◽  
Elisa Cardoso Kobi
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
School Context ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
The Face ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The City

Este texto é um dos resultados de uma pesquisa desenvolvida com escolas de Ensino Médio na cidade de Vitória (ES). Esta proposta de investigação surgiu da necessidade de compreensão das manifestações de preconceito e diferentes tipos de violência que historicamente acontecem em nosso contexto social e, mais especificamente, no contexto de instituições formais de ensino. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar quais são as principais formas de preconceito e violência contra diferenças e diversidades étnicas, sexuais, religiosas, de classe social e de gênero que acontecem dentro do contexto de instituições de ensino médio na cidade de Vitória (ES). Ao aceitarem participar da pesquisa, foram entregues, aos estudantes e professores, questionários com perguntas semiabertas sobre diversos temas que abordavam os preconceitos e violências ocorridas dentro do contexto escolar, sendo sempre informada a participação voluntária e confidencial da pesquisa. Os resultados foram divididos entre a identificação dos professores e estudantes, além de suas vivências em relação às violências no contexto escolar. Diante dos dados apresentados e da discussão, é possível perceber que apesar da escola estar repleta de diversidades em seu contexto e cotidiano, há ainda muitos casos de preconceito, discriminação e outros tipos de violência que ocorrem nesse espaço. É preciso compreender que toda e qualquer ação no contexto escolar é repleta de sentido e está vinculada a distintas concepções de sociedade e de possibilidade de existências. Quando a escola se posiciona ou não no enfrentamento às violências este posicionamento se reflete em concepções mais autoritárias ou democráticas de sociedade. Abstract  This article is one of the results of a research carried out with high schools in the city of Vitória (ES). This research proposal arose from the need to understand the manifestations of prejudice and different types of violence that historically happen in our social context and, more specifically, in the context of formal educational institutions. The aim of this research was to identify the main forms of prejudice and violence against ethnic, sexual, religious, and gender differences and diversities that occur within the context of high school institutions in the city of Vitória (ES). Upon accepting to participate in the research, questionnaires with semi-open questions about various topics that dealt with the prejudices and violence occurring within the school context were given to students and teachers, and the voluntary and confidential participation of the research was always informed. The results were divided between the identification of teachers and students, as well as their experiences regarding violence in the school context. Given the data presented and the discussion, it is possible to perceive that although the school is full of diversity present in its daily context, there are still many cases of prejudice, discrimination and other types of violence occurring in this space. It must be understood that any action in the school context is full of meaning and is linked to different conceptions of society and possibility of existence. When the school is positioned or not in the face of violence, this position is reflected in more authoritarian or democratic conceptions of society.Keywords: Education, Occupational Therapy, Violence.

scholarly journals The emotion of disgust in Italian students: a measure of the synthetic disgust index

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Salvatore Settineri ◽  
Massimo Mucciardi ◽  
Valentina Leonardi ◽  
Domenico Mallamace ◽  
Carmela Mento
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Maximum Score ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Synthetic Indicator ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Age And Sex

Research in the field of emotions has highlighted that men and women differ as regards the perception and reaction to disgust. The aim of our study was to analyse, by means of a questionnaire on disgust, any gender differences regarding this feeling in its various dimensions, viewed both individually and globally. For this purpose a synthetic indicator was developed to evaluate the expression of disgust and identify any individual differences. The sample of 1587 subjects were given a questionnaire on disgust that contained items to elicit disgust. Statistical analysis was performed on the items and on the scores via a synthetic indicator, the Synthetic Disgust Index (SDI).The analysis revealed a different trend in different types of disgust for age and sex. In males. The oral disgust and contamination showed a reduction of SDI in the age group between 18 and 39 years (p<0.05) and a maximum score in the group of subjects 40-64 years. In females the maximum score was present in the first group (0-17 ) for all dimensions of disgust except for disgust for aggressive content (p<0.05). The oral disgust and contamination showed a reduction of SDI in the age group between 18 and 39 years (p<0.05) with a general tendency to decrease with age.

Missing Links in Some Curious Auditory Phenomena: A Tale from the Middle Ear

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (02) ◽  
pp. 106-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
MiChelle S. Carpenter ◽  
Anthony T. Cacace ◽  
Marty J. Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Major Advance ◽  
Age Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
Middle Ear Disease ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Incremental Step

Background: Broadband middle ear power reflectance (BMEPR) is an emerging noninvasive electroacoustic measure that evaluates transmission/reflection properties of the middle ear in high resolution. It is applicable over the entire age continuum and is rapid to perform. However, it remains to be determined if BMEPR is just an incremental step in the evolution of middle ear assessment or a major advance in the way middle ear function can be evaluated. Purpose: To evaluate effects of age, gender, ear, and frequency on BMEPR measurements in adults without a history of middle ear disease and to assess whether these factors require consideration in test development; to review how these data may influence active physiologic process within the inner ear; to consider how they reconcile with previously published results; and to suggest applications for future research. Research Design: Prospective, cross-sectional, multivariate analysis to evaluate the effects of age, gender, ear, and frequency on BMEPR in humans without a history of middle ear disease and no air-bone gaps exceeding 10 dB for any frequency. Study Sample: Fifty-six adults in two age groups (Group 1: 18–25 yr, n = 28; Group 2: ≥50 and <66 yr, n = 28). Each age group was stratified by ear and gender in a balanced design. Data Collection and Analysis: Pure tone air conduction and bone-conduction audiometry was conducted in a commercial sound booth, using a clinical audiometer with standard earphones enclosed in supra-aural ear cushions, and a standard bone-conduction oscillator and headband to evaluate for air-bone gaps. Broadband middle ear power reflectance was measured using a calibrated, commercially available computer-controlled system that incorporated a high quality probe assembly to transduce stimuli and record acoustic responses from the ear canal. Data were analyzed with a four-way (2 × 2 × 2 × 16) repeated measures analysis-of-variance (ANOVA) to evaluate the effects of age group (young vs. old), gender (male vs. female), ear (left vs. right), and frequency (258 to 5040 Hz) on BMEPR. Results: The ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of frequency. There were also gender × ear, gender × frequency, and age × gender × ear interactions. The three-way, age × gender × ear interaction captured the essence of results and revealed lowest power reflectance values in younger females and for right ears. This trend partially reversed in the older age group where higher power reflectance values were observed only in right ears of older females. Conclusions: The significant effects of age, gender, ear, and frequency on BMEPR parallel ear- and gender-related differences in hearing sensitivity, ear, and gender differences in the prevalence of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (OAEs), gender differences in the magnitude of transient evoked OAEs, and ear differences in transient evoked contralateral OAE suppression effects reported in the literature. While original discussions of these aforementioned effects focused primarily on endocochlear and olivocochlear mechanisms, the BMEPR measurements reported herein suggest that middle ear transmission characteristics may also play a role.

scholarly journals A Single-Unit Design Structure and Gender Differences in the Swimming World Championships

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Pushkar ◽  
Vladimir B. Issurin ◽  
Oleg Verbitsky
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Single Unit ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
P Values ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Design Structure ◽  
Unit Design ◽  
Elite Swimmers ◽  
Different Types ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Four 50 meter male/female finals - the freestyle, butterfly, breaststroke, and backstroke - swum during individual events at the Swimming World Championships (SWCs) can be defined in four clusters. The aim of the present study was to use a single-unit design structure, in which the swimmer was defined at only one scale, to evaluate gender differences in start reaction times among elite swimmers in 50 m events. The top six male and female swimmers in the finals of four swimming stroke final events in six SWCs were analyzed. An unpaired t-test was used. The p-values were evaluated using Neo-Fisherian significance assessments (Hurlbert and Lombardi, 2012). For the freestyle, gender differences in the start reaction times were positively identified for five of the six SWCs. For the backstroke, gender differences in the start reaction times could be dismissed for five of the six SWCs. For both the butterfly and breaststroke, gender differences in the start reaction times yielded inconsistent statistical differences. Pooling all swimmers together (df = 286) showed that an overall gender difference in the start reaction times could be positively identified: p = 0.00004. The contrast between the gender differences in start reaction times between the freestyle and backstroke may be associated with different types of gender adaptations to swimming performances. When the natural groupings of swimming stroke final events were ignored, sacrificial pseudoreplication occurred, which may lead to erroneous statistical differences

scholarly journals Anthropometric study of nasal index of Bali Aga population

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Agus Rudi Asthuta ◽  
I Putu Yupindra Pradiptha
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Personal Identity ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Average Width ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Anthropometric Study

Background: Anthropometry is the measurement of human and more inclined to focus on the dimensions of the human body. Nasal indexes can be used to help determine personal identity, especially race, ethnic and gender differences. Purpose: The general objective of this study was to find out the results of nasal index anthropometric studies on Bali Aga populations in Tenganan. Methods: In this study, 20 samples (4 male and 16 female) within age group of 17-30 years old of Bali Aga population in Tenganan Village were measured strictly on Frankfort’s plane with the help of a sliding caliper. Results: The results of nasal anthropometry measurements obtained an average width of the nose of 38.790 mm, the average nose length of 45.490 mm and nasal index measurements obtained an average of 85.6416. Conclusion: Nasal index can be used to help determine personal identity, especially race, ethnic and gender differences. The result of nasal index in Bali Aga population in Tenganan Village is the Platyrrhine nose (wide nose). Latar belakang: Antropometri adalah pengukuran manusia dan lebih cenderung terfokus pada dimensi tubuh manusia. Nasal indeks dapat digunakan untuk membantu menentukan identitas personal, terutama perbedaan ras, etnis, dan jenis kelamin. Tujuan: Tujuan umum penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hasil studi antropometri nasal index pada populasi Bali Aga di Tenganan. Metode: Studi ini melibatkan, 20 sampel (4 laki-laki dan 16 perempuan) dari penduduk Bali Aga Desa Tenganan yang diukur pada Frankfort’s plane dengan bantuan jangka sorong. Hasil: Pada hasil pengukuran antropometri hidung didapatkan rata-rata lebar hidung sebesar 38.790, rata-rata panjang hidung sebesar 45.490 serta pengukuran nasal index didapatkan rata-rata 85.6416. Kesimpulan: Nasal indeks dapat digunakan untuk membantu menentukan identitas personal, terutama perbedaan ras, etnis, dan jenis kelamin. Hasil nasal index pada populasi bali aga di Desa Tenganan adalah jenis hidung Platyrrhine (hidung lebar).

scholarly journals “Sweet girls and naughty boys”. Aggression and gender: differences, interdependence, consequences

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
Justyna Tomczyk
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Binary Opposition ◽  
Violent Behaviour ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Ways Of Coping ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Femininity And Masculinity ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

The article deals with the relationship between aggression and gender, with particular emphasis on gender differences referring to the way in which aggression is shown and to the propensity for violent behaviour it affects. For at least several years, researchers examining gender in society have indicated that human social functioning (i.e. positions occupied, roles performed, status achieved) is determined by the gender to which one belongs. Gender differences generate different types of behaviour, actions and interactions between men and women. As a consequence of these differences, there are different needs, interests, systems of communication and expression, problem-solving and conflict-solving styles, ways of coping with stress. Femininity and masculinity are sociocultural structures in binary opposition to each other, reflected by differences between the ways aggression is released or unloaded.

Brief Report. The PCL-R and Gender

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Grann
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Violent Offenders ◽  
Matched Pairs ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist Revised ◽  
And Gender

Summary: Hare's Psychopathy Checklist - Revised (PCL-R; Hare, 1991 ) was originally constructed for use among males in correctional and forensic settings. In this study, the PCL-R protocols of 36 matched pairs of female and male violent offenders were examined with respect to gender differences. The results indicated a few significant differences. By means of discriminant analysis, male Ss were distinguished from their female counterparts through their relatively higher scores on “callous/lack of empathy” (item 8) and “juvenile delinquency” (item 18), whereas the female Ss scored relatively higher on “promiscuous sexual behavior” (item 11). Some sources of bias and possible implications are discussed.

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