scholarly journals Nitrogen source apportionment modeling and the effect of land-use class related runoff contributions

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 317-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A. Lindgren ◽  
S. Wrede ◽  
J. Seibert ◽  
M. Wallin
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Quality Improvements ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
D Model

Models simulating nutrient transport at the catchment scale are frequently used for source apportionment and thereby for finding cost-efficient management strategies for water quality improvements. One typical modelling approach at the catchment scale is the use of leaching coefficients (mass per unit flow of water) to compute the nutrient input based on land-use information. In this study two different such model approaches, the lumped Fyrismodel and the distributed HBV-N-D model, were compared based on simulations for the River Fyris catchment in central Sweden. A major difference between the models were different assumptions of specific runoff variations between different land-use classes. These differences had a considerable effect on the computed source apportionment. The higher specific runoff from agricultural areas in the HBV-N-D model compared to the Fyrismodel resulted in a larger contribution of agricultural areas to the total nitrogen export. These results demonstrate the importance of the assumptions of the spatial variation of specific runoff on source apportionment HBV-N-D model estimations.

scholarly journals Age and Land Use as Factors Differentiating Hydrochemistry and Plant Cover of Astatic Ponds in Post-Agricultural Landscape

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Mętrak ◽  
Paweł Pawlikowski ◽  
Małgorzata Suska-Malawska
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Species Composition Of Vegetation ◽  
Northeastern Poland ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Abstract Small, astatic ponds are important features of post-glacial landscape, which support heterogeneity and biodiversity of agricultural areas. In the presented research we explored differences in hydrochemistry and plant cover of 20 small ponds located in Northeastern Poland, characterized by diverse age and developed in differently managed areas. According to our research, though changes in water level are under direct influence of water balance in the catchment, to which belonged the ponds, their hydrochemistry seemed to be shaped by processes at the level lower than the catchment scale. Age of the ponds appeared to be an important factor influencing density and species composition of vegetation developed on the studied ponds.

scholarly journals SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR SAFE COASTAL AREAS

2020 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Barbara Zanuttigh
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Building With Nature ◽  
Cost Efficient

Safety and well-being of coastal areas requires eco-compatible, cost-efficient management strategies aimed at providing continuity-of-daily-life (before, during and after a flood) and at promoting adaptation to climate change. Sustainable management solutions include building-with-nature approaches, eco-friendly measures, multifunctional structures, multi-hazard interventions. The strategic planning of these solutions can be supported by GIS-based tools, that allow -through a scenario analysis- to assess risk across a range of spatial and temporal scales and to compare the environmental, social and economic impact of clusters of solutions.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/4Mx6iHwR0uI

scholarly journals Stable isotopes of nitrate reveal different nitrogen processing mechanisms in streams across a land use gradient during wet and dry periods

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wen Wong ◽  
Jesse Pottage ◽  
Fiona Y. Warry ◽  
Paul Reich ◽  
Keryn L. Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Nitrogen Inputs ◽  
Anthropogenic Nitrogen ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Effects Of Land Use ◽  
Processing Mechanisms

Abstract. Understanding the relationship between land use and the dynamics of nitrate (NO3−) is the key to constrain sources of NO3− export in order to aid effective management of waterways. In this study, isotopic compositions of NO3− (δ15N-NO3− and δ18O-NO3−) were used to elucidate the effects of land use (agriculture in particular) and rainfall on the major sources and sinks of NO3− within the Westernport catchment, Victoria, Australia. This study is one of the very few studies carried out in temperate regions with highly stochastic rainfall patterns; enabling a more comprehensive understanding of the applications of NO3− isotopes in catchment ecosystems with different climatic conditions. Longitudinal samples were collected from five streams with different agriculture land use intensities on five occasions – three during dry periods and two during wet periods. At the catchment scale, we observed significant positive relationships between NO3− concentrations, δ15N-NO3− and percentage agriculture reflecting the dominance of anthropogenic nitrogen inputs within the catchment. Different rainfall conditions appeared to be major controls on the predominance of the sources and transformation processes of NO3− in our study sites. Artificial fertiliser was the dominant source of NO3− during the wet periods while nitrified organic matter in sediment and nitrified manure were more apparent sources of NO3− to the surface water during the dry periods. Denitrification was prevalent during the wet periods while uptake of NO3− by plants or algae was only observed during the dry periods in two streams. The outcome of this study suggests that effective reduction of NO3− load to the streams can only be achieved by prioritising management strategies based on different rainfall conditions.

scholarly journals Stable isotopes of nitrate reveal different nitrogen processing mechanisms in streams across a land use gradient during wet and dry periods

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (13) ◽  
pp. 3953-3965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wen Wong ◽  
Jesse Pottage ◽  
Fiona Y. Warry ◽  
Paul Reich ◽  
Keryn L. Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Nitrogen Inputs ◽  
Anthropogenic Nitrogen ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Effects Of Land Use ◽  
Processing Mechanisms

Abstract. Understanding the relationship between land use and the dynamics of nitrate (NO3-) is the key to constrain sources of NO3- export in order to aid effective management of waterways. In this study, isotopic compositions of NO3- (δ15N–NO3- and δ18O–NO3-) were used to elucidate the effects of land use (agriculture in particular) and rainfall on the major sources and sinks of NO3- within the Western Port catchment, Victoria, Australia. This study is one of the very few studies carried out in temperate regions with highly stochastic rainfall patterns, enabling a more comprehensive understanding of the applications of NO3- isotopes in catchment ecosystems with different climatic conditions. Longitudinal samples were collected from five streams with different agriculture land use intensities on five occasions – three during dry periods and two during wet periods. At the catchment scale, we observed significant positive relationships between NO3- concentrations (p < 0.05), δ15N–NO3- (p < 0.01) and percentage agriculture (particularly during the wet period), reflecting the dominance of anthropogenic nitrogen inputs within the catchment. Different rainfall conditions appeared to be major controls on the predominance of the sources and transformation processes of NO3- in our study sites. Artificial fertiliser was the dominant source of NO3- during the wet periods. In addition to artificial fertiliser, nitrified organic matter in sediment was also an apparent source of NO3- to the surface water during the dry periods. Denitrification was prevalent during the wet periods, while uptake of NO3- by plants or algae was only observed during the dry periods in two streams. The outcome of this study suggests that effective reduction of NO3- load to the streams can only be achieved by prioritising management strategies based on different rainfall conditions.

scholarly journals Relating environmental variables with aquatic community structure in an agricultural/urban coldwater stream

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel T. L. Myers ◽  
Richard R. Rediske ◽  
James N. McNair ◽  
Aaron D. Parker ◽  
E. Wendy Ogilvie
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Fish Community ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Aquatic Communities ◽  
Natural Stream ◽  
Longitudinal Gradients ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Abstract Background Urban areas are often built along large rivers and surrounded by agricultural land. This may lead to small tributary streams that have agricultural headwaters and urbanized lower reaches. Our study objectives assessed are as follows: (1) landscape, geomorphic, and water quality variables that best explained variation in aquatic communities and their integrity in a stream system following this agricultural-to-urban land use gradient; (2) ways this land use gradient caused aquatic communities to differ from what would be expected for an idealized natural stream or other longitudinal gradients; and (3) whether the impacts of this land use gradient on aquatic communities would grow larger in a downstream direction through the agricultural and urban developments. Our study area was an impaired coldwater stream in Michigan, USA. Results Many factors structured the biological communities along the agricultural-to-urban land use gradient. Instream woody debris had the strongest relationship with EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) abundance and richness and were most common in the lower, urbanized watershed. Fine streambed substrate had the strongest relationship with Diptera taxa and surface air breather macroinvertebrates and was dominant in agricultural headwaters. Fish community assemblage was influenced largely by stream flow and temperature regimes, while poor fish community integrity in lower urban reaches could be impacted by geomorphology and episodic urban pollution events. Scraping macroinvertebrates were most abundant in deforested, first-order agricultural headwaters, while EPT macroinvertebrate richness was the highest downstream of agricultural areas within the urban zone that had extensive forest buffers. Conclusion Environmental variables and aquatic communities would often not conform with what we would expect from an idealized natural stream. EPT richness improved downstream of agricultural areas. This shows promise for the recovery of aquatic systems using well-planned management in watersheds with this agricultural-to-urban land use pattern. Small patches of forest can be the key to conserving aquatic biodiversity in urbanized landscapes. These findings are valuable to an international audience of researchers and water resource managers who study stream systems following this common agricultural-to-urban land use gradient, the ecological communities of which may not conform with what is generally known about land use impacts to streams.

scholarly journals Changes in Coastal Agricultural Land Use in Response to Climate Change: An Assessment Using Satellite Remote Sensing and Household Survey Data in Tien Hai District, Thai Binh Province, Vietnam

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 627
Author(s):  
Duong H. Nong ◽  
An T. Ngo ◽  
Hoa P. T. Nguyen ◽  
Thuy T. Nguyen ◽  
Lan T. Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Agricultural Land Use ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Land Uses

We analyzed the agricultural land-use changes in the coastal areas of Tien Hai district, Thai Binh province, in 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020, using Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 data. We used the object-oriented classification method with the maximum likelihood algorithm to classify six types of land uses. The series of land-use maps we produced had an overall accuracy of more than 80%. We then conducted a spatial analysis of the 5-year land-use change using ArcGIS software. In addition, we surveyed 150 farm households using a structured questionnaire regarding the impacts of climate change on agricultural productivity and land uses, as well as farmers’ adaptation and responses. The results showed that from 2005 to 2020, cropland decreased, while aquaculture land and forest land increased. We observed that the most remarkable decreases were in the area of rice (485.58 ha), the area of perennial crops (109.7 ha), and the area of non-agricultural land (747.35 ha). The area of land used for aquaculture and forest increased by 566.88 ha and 772.60 ha, respectively. We found that the manifestations of climate change, such as extreme weather events, saltwater intrusion, drought, and floods, have had a profound impact on agricultural production and land uses in the district, especially for annual crops and aquaculture. The results provide useful information for state authorities to design land-management strategies and solutions that are economic and effective in adapting to climate change.

scholarly journals Twenty-Three Years of Land-Use Changes Induced Considerable Threats to the Main Wetlands of Sardinia and Sicily (Italy) along the Mediterranean Bird Flyways

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Alessandro Ferrarini ◽  
Marco Gustin ◽  
Claudio Celada
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Natura 2000 Network ◽  
Stopover Sites ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Biodiversity loss has multiple causes, but habitat degradation through land-use change is the predominant driver. We investigated the effectiveness of the Natura 2000 network in preserving the main wetlands of the two largest islands of the Mediterranean region, whose conservation is critical for many avian species at European and global level, in a 23-year period (1990–2012). In Sardinia, the surroundings of 22 wetlands were affected by an increase in artificial areas (+64 ha/year) and decrease in agricultural (−54 ha/year) and natural (−17 ha/year) ones. In Sicily, the surroundings of 16 wetlands were impacted by an increase in agricultural areas (+50 ha/year) and decrease in natural and semi-natural ones (−62 ha/year). Results show that the Natura 2000 policies were effective in preserving wetlands (no shrinkages detected in both regions), but their surroundings experienced intense processes of degradation and artificialization in all the sub-periods considered (1990–2000, 2000–2006, 2006–2012), whose effects are now threatening waterbirds and wetland integrity. The enlargement of the existing Natura 2000 sites, the creation of new ones and the speedup of the application of the rules of the Habitats and Birds Directives seem necessary to counteract the rapid land-use changes around these important stopover sites.

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Change Monitoring of Outside Manure Piles Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Images

Drones ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Geonung Park ◽  
Kyunghun Park ◽  
Bonggeun Song
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Point Source Pollution ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Water Quality Deterioration

Water quality deterioration due to outdoor loading of livestock manure requires efficient management of outside manure piles (OMPs). This study was designed to investigate OMPs using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for efficient management of non-point source pollution in agricultural areas. A UAV was used to acquire image data, and the distribution and cover installation status of OMPs were identified through ortho-images; the volumes of OMP were calculated using digital surface model (DSM). UAV- and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS)-derived DSMs were compared for identifying the accuracy of calculated volumes. The average volume accuracy was 92.45%. From April to October, excluding July, the monthly average volumes of OMPs in the study site ranged from 64.89 m3 to 149.69 m3. Among the 28 OMPs investigated, 18 were located near streams or agricultural waterways. Establishing priority management areas among the OMP sites distributed in a basin is possible using spatial analysis, and it is expected that the application of UAV technology will contribute to the efficient management of OMPs and other non-point source pollutants.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Patterns, Trends and Dynamics of the Land-Use Changes in Azores Region: From 1990 to 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5433
Author(s):  
Rui Alexandre Castanho ◽  
José Manuel Naranjo Gómez ◽  
Gualter Couto ◽  
Pedro Pimentel ◽  
Áurea Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Comprehensive Planning ◽  
Sustainability Planning ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Planning Strategies ◽  
Agricultural Areas

The remarkable richness and singularity of the Azorean Region (located 38° North) and its landscapes require a sharp, well-defined, and comprehensive planning policy. Bearing in mind the significance of this issue in the enlightenment of sustainability, planning strategies should be based and supported by different studies and thematic domains to understand the problem thoroughly. Using GIS (Geographic Information Systems), the present article enables us to identify the dynamics and patterns of the evolution of the Land-Use Changes in the Azores Region from 1990 to 2018. In aggregate, the Azores islands showed growth in artificial surfaces and forest and seminatural land-uses by essentially decreasing agricultural areas—most resulting from the economic and social development strategy pursued by several Azorean governments. Moreover, this study permits us to reinforce that the Azores Archipelago’s land-uses has undergone multiple changes—marked by increasing and decreasing periods. In fact, some of these reducing dynamics are disturbing. They require closer monitorization by regional government actors to give protection, preservation, and conservation to these incomparable ultra-peripheral landscapes, environments, ecosystems, and the region as a whole.

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