scholarly journals Design of urban runoff pollution control based on the Sponge City concept in a large-scale high-plateau mountainous watershed: a case study in Yunnan, China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyu Zhang ◽  
Junjie Gu ◽  
Guoshun Zhang ◽  
Wenjing Ma ◽  
Lei Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
City Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Urban Stormwater ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
High Plateau ◽  
Runoff Volume ◽  
Storage Volume ◽  
The Cost

Abstract China recently commenced the Sponge City initiative for the effective management of urban stormwater runoff. Numerous studies have been carried out to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of low impact development (LID) practices in Sponge City planning and implementation. However, most of the studies were at the site- or subcatchment scale, and few were conducted at the watershed scale, given the dramatically increased routing complexity and number of decision variables. This study demonstrates the cost-effective Sponge City planning process for a 25.90 km2 high-plateau watershed in southwest China. The Stormwater Management Model was coupled with the System for Urban Stormwater Treatment and Analysis Integrated (SUSTAIN) model to perform both continuous simulations and watershed-level optimization analyses, using the reduction of 85% annual runoff volume as the optimization target. Based on over 11,000 optimization runs, a near-optimal aggregated LID scenario was identified for each subcatchment. The aggregated LID size was first converted into a generic LID storage volume for individual subcatchments, and the storage volume was then disaggregated into site-level LID layouts regarding specific site conditions. The disaggregated LID layout yielded an annual average runoff volume reduction of 87.61% and close to 85% reduction for the annual average total suspended solids, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus loads. The systematic approach outlined in this study could be used for watershed-level Sponge City planning and implementation analyses in other cities.

scholarly journals Revisiting China’s Sponge City Planning Approach: Lessons From a Case Study on Qinhuai District, Nanjing

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiyang Chen ◽  
Frans H. M. van de Ven ◽  
Chris Zevenbergen ◽  
Simon Verbeeck ◽  
Qinghua Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Management ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
Planning Approach ◽  
Nanjing City

Integrating sustainable urban water management into the urban planning process is essential for developing water-resilient cities. To this end, the central government of the People’s Republic of China initiated the “Sponge City” programme. However, challenges and gaps exist in current urban planning practice. The operationalizable planning approach to realise the multiple objectives of Sponge City is missing in the existing guidelines. Using a local example of Sponge City planning in Nanjing City as a case study, this paper outlines the current Sponge City approach from the perspectives of planning content and planning process. A qualitative comparative analysis between Nanjing’s Sponge City planning and Auckland Water Sensitive Design, as well as an evaluation of the Sponge City approach through the lens of Dutch urban water management, identified key missing elements that would enhance the current Sponge City planning approach. Examples include targets for pluvial flood protection, a strategy for planning interventions, and tools for interdisciplinary cooperation in the planning process. This enhanced approach was successfully applied in the Sponge City planning for Qinhuai District, Nanjing City. Nevertheless, challenges on data availability and the decision-makers’ mindsets called for more efforts on the interface of research and policy development for upscaling the Sponge City approach.

scholarly journals A review of the progress in Chinese Sponge City programme: challenges and opportunities for urban stormwater management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feiran Li ◽  
Jianfeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Urban Stormwater ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
Urban Stormwater Management ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
And Coping

Abstract Urbanization has been the main driving force for China's economic growth in recent years; however, the highly concentrated urbanized lifestyle has brought many environmental problems to residents, the most urgent of which is urban stormwater management. Some countries have proposed plans for urban stormwater management, such as Low Impact Development (LID), Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD), Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS). As a country with relatively underdeveloped urban stormwater management, China's government proposed an ambitious urban stormwater management plan in 2014, called the Sponge City Programme, which means that a city is designed to act like a sponge, with good ‘resilience’ in adapting to environmental changes and coping with natural disasters. As of 2021, this programme has led to SCP projects in 30 pilot districts all over China, the Sponge City Programme construction impacts both urban development and resident's life. However, there are risks and challenges associated with these projects. Using government research documents as a framework, this paper carefully reviews the progress of the Sponge City Programme in recent years and shows the main challenges faced by Sponge City Programme in terms of connotation, investment, and technology. On this basis, the paper puts forward practical suggestions for the development of the Sponge City Programme and details potential opportunities of new technology, ideology, planning, and flexible investment.

An integrated urban stormwater model system supporting the whole life cycle of sponge city construction programs in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shihu Deng ◽  
Xiaoyuan Zhang ◽  
Zhiyu Shao ◽  
Wentao Yan ◽  
Hongxiang Chai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Model System ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Urban Stormwater ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
City Construction ◽  
Whole Life Cycle ◽  
Stormwater System

Abstract The nationwide Sponge City Construction (SCC) program was launched by the Chinese government in 2014. There is a lack of an integrated model system to assist the efforts throughout all the SCC phases, including planning, design, construction, evaluation and maintenance stages. In this study, an integrated stormwater system named Uwater was developed based on a Geographic Information System (GIS) platform, in which a comprehensive open-source urban stormwater runoff model called Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) was embedded. The platform utilized the spatial data management tools in GIS to extract the discrete spatial information such as land use and vegetation cover condition to obtain the composite hydrologic parameters required in the SWMM simulations. The system also fully uses the visualization capabilities of GIS to assist visual design of the Low Impact Development (LID) facilities and Capital Improvement Projects frequently used in the SCC programs. Furthermore, it could be used to assess the drainage capacity of the stormwater system and the corresponding inundation limits for further optimization of the design plans. Finally, a study case using the platform was conducted to test and verify the reliability and applicability of the Uwater system. Results show that the Uwater platform has great strengths and potential to assist the whole life cycle in the SCC program.

scholarly journals Mathematical Optimization Method of Low-Impact Development Layout in the Sponge City

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Men ◽  
Hao Lu ◽  
Wenjuan Jiang ◽  
Duo Xu
Keyword(s):  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Mathematical Optimization ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
Total Runoff ◽  
Rainfall Runoff Model ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Runoff Model

Aiming at the optimization layout of distributed low-impact development (LID) practices in the sponge city, a new mathematical method combining Stormwater Management Model (SWMM) and preference-inspired co-evolutionary algorithm using goal vectors (PICEA-g) was developed and was applied in the Ximen waterlogged area of Pingxiang City. Firstly, a block-scaled rainfall-runoff model was built in the study area by using SWMM. Then, an LIDs area optimization model was established by linking the SWMM and the PICEA-g based on the Matlab platform, which took the area ratios of various LIDs in each block as decision variables and took the total runoff, peak flow, suspended substance (SS) pollutant, and LIDs cost as objective functions. Thus, the problem of LIDs layout was turned into a mathematical optimization issue. So the cost-benefit optimal solutions with different emphases were found by using this algorithm, and the LIDs layout optimal scheme for this area was further analysed and verified by rainfall-runoff model. The results show that the total runoff reduction rates of the system reach a maximum of 21.8%, the peak flow reduction rates of the system are more than 10%, and the SS pollutant reduction rates are reduced by about 30% compared with before LIDs under the design storms of different return periods. The reduction rates of each runoff index are higher than the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) method, and decision-makers can more effectively analyse the cost-benefit optimal solution from the Pareto solution sets. Therefore, the LIDs layout optimization method proposed in this paper has obvious advantages in solving similar many-objective optimization problems (MOOPs) in sponge city construction.

Evaluation of Urban Runoff Volume to Be Treated at the Outlet of Separately Sewered Catchments

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Saget ◽  
G. Chebbo ◽  
A. Bachoc
Keyword(s):  
Urban Runoff ◽  
Urban Stormwater ◽  
National Programme ◽  
Runoff Volume ◽  
Reservoir Volume ◽  
Storage Volume ◽  
One Year

The purpose of this study was to estimate the volume of urban stormwater which must be treated in order to achieve a given efficiency in terms of pollutant retention in a storm basin. The data used for this were those from the French national programme (1980-82), collected in four separately sewered catchments whose area is less than 100 hectares. The intercepted loads for one year and for the most polluted events have been calculated for interception volumes varying between 0 and 300 m3 per impervious hectare. It was concluded that 100 m3/imp ha can intercept about 80% of the annual load of SS, BOD5 and COD. But for the most polluted events, to achieve the same efficiency (80% of the produced load), a reservoir volume of 200 m3/imp ha is needed. The reduction of frequency of the most polluted events was also studied: for the events of which the load is in excess of 5% of the annual load produced, even a storage volume of 200 m3/imp ha is insufficient to entirely prevent these occurring.

scholarly journals Economic Value of Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts at Incheon Airport, South Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6965
Author(s):  
In-Gyum Kim ◽  
Hye-Min Kim ◽  
Dae-Geun Lee ◽  
Byunghwan Lim ◽  
Hee-Choon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Loss Model ◽  
Total Budget ◽  
The Cost

Meteorological information at an arrival airport is one of the primary variables used to determine refueling of discretionary fuel. This study evaluated the economic value of terminal aerodrome forecasts (TAF), which has not been previously quantitatively analyzed in Korea. The analysis data included 374,716 international flights that arrived at Incheon airport during 2017–2019. A cost–loss model was used for the analysis, which is a methodology to evaluate forecast value by considering the cost and loss that users can expect, considering the decision-making result based on forecast utilization. The value was divided in terms of improving fuel efficiency and reducing CO2 emissions. The results of the analysis indicate that the annual average TAF value for Incheon Airport was approximately 2.2 M–20.1 M USD under two hypothetical rules of refueling of discretionary fuel. This value is up to 26.2% higher than the total budget of 16.3 M USD set for the production of aviation meteorological forecasts by the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). Further, it is up to 10 times greater than the 2 M USD spent on aviation meteorological information fees collected by the KMA in 2018.

scholarly journals Development of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) networks delivering early defibrillation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) in areas lacking timely access to emergency medical services (EMS) in Germany: a comparative economic study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e043791
Author(s):  
Jan Bauer ◽  
Dieter Moormann ◽  
Reinhard Strametz ◽  
David A Groneberg
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Emergency Medical Services ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Timely Access ◽  
The Cost

ObjectivesThis study wants to assess the cost-effectiveness of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) equipped with automated external defibrillators (AED) in out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA). Especially in rural areas with longer response times of emergency medical services (EMS) early lay defibrillation could lead to a significant higher survival in OHCA.Participants3296 emergency medical stations in Germany.SettingRural areas in Germany.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThree UAV networks providing 80%, 90% or 100% coverage for rural areas lacking timely access to EMS (ie, time-to-defibrillation: >10 min) were developed using a location allocation analysis. For each UAV network, primary outcome was the cost-effectiveness using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) calculated by the ratio of financial costs to additional life years gained compared with current EMS.ResultsCurrent EMS with 3926 emergency stations was able to gain 1224 life years on annual average in the study area. The UAV network providing 100% coverage consisted of 1933 UAV with average annual costs of €43.5 million and 1845 additional life years gained on annual average (ICER: €23 568). The UAV network providing 90% coverage consisted of 1074 UAV with average annual costs of €24.2 million and 1661 additional life years gained on annual average (ICER: €14 548). The UAV network providing 80% coverage consisted of 798 UAV with average annual costs of €18.0 million and 1477 additional life years gained on annual average (ICER: €12 158).ConclusionThese results reveal the relevant life-saving potential of all modelled UAV networks. Furthermore, all analysed UAV networks could be deemed cost-effective. However, real-life applications are needed to validate the findings.

Theoretical and methodological approaches to the calculation of planned costs for maintenance of service vehicles of the road works customer

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (23) ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
Taras Pechonchyk ◽  
◽  
Vitaliy Ivanchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Customer Service ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Cost Estimates ◽  
The Road ◽  
Fleet Composition ◽  
Cost Planning ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Service Vehicles

AbstractIntroduction. Effective management of road indstry is particularly important in conditions of limited funding, as it is not possible to provide adequate funding of the economic entity that has the functions of a customer service. The cost of the customer service maintenance depends directly on the compliance with applicable regulations for these works cost determination. One of the aspects that form a considerable part of the costs of customer service is the maintenance of service vehicles.Problem Statement. Road services in the regions (hereinafter RSR) are the recipients and managers of the funds from the State Budget of Ukraine that are directed for the development and maintenance of public roads of state importance, being as well the asset holders of these roads. To perform their functions, the RSR have vehicles on their balance, the use of which involves a number of costs, including fuel and lubricants, repair, maintenance, replacement of tires, etc. The most important of the steps involved in setting the costs of vehicle maintenance is the process of cost planning. Planning has to be based on the structure of the vehicle fleet (own or leased), functional responsibilities and scope of road works.Planning is carried out for vehicles on the balance of the RSR, as well as for leased vehicles. In the case of leasing, the costs mentioned above are added by the vehicles leasing costs. These costs must be forecasted, justified and performed within the approved cost estimates of the customer service expenses.Purpose. The purpose of the article is to highlight the theoretical and methodological approaches to the calculation of planned costs for the maintenance of service vehicles of the road works customer.Materials and methods. Dialectical methods of knowledge, such as analysis and synthesis of fleet composition characteristics and approaches to cost planning methods, as well as induction, were used in writing the article to explore some aspects of the process of calculating the planned cost of maintenance of the road works customer's service vehicles.Results. The study highlights and describes the main approaches to the calculation of planned costs for the maintenance of service vehicles of the road works customer. The methodology of calculation of planned costs for the maintenance of service vehicles is explored.Conclusions. The introduction of a clear methodology and analytical toolkit for calculating all necessary expenditure items for the maintenance of the road works customer's vehicles in the cost planning process will establish the implementation of a clear mechanism for calculating the planned costs of maintenance of the road works customer's vehicles. It will also provide an automated information-analytical complex for planning of cost estimates, with information entry and reporting in standard forms and possibility of prompt response to changes in fleet composition, needs for spare parts, repairs or other expenses for the maintenance of service vehicles and making changes in cost estimates.Keywords: motor vehicles, costs, cost planning, customer service, maintenance of service vehicles

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