Heavy metals sorption onto alluvial soil under various operational conditions

Abstract The removal of lead Pb+2, copper Cu+2 and cadmium Cd+2 from aqueous solutions by alluvial soil (AL) as adsorbent has been investigated in a series of laboratory scale experiments under various operational conditions (solution pH, adsorbent dose, ions concentration and contact time). Characterization of AL has been carried out using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface of AL beads is irregular with many spaces, channels and holes, which are helpful for mass transfer of metal ions into AL soil. The optimum ions removal can be achieved in alkaline solutions. Ions removal efficiency is directly related to contact time and adsorbant dose and inversely related to the initial ions concentration. Ion selectivity on AL followed the order of Pb+2 > Cu+2 > Cd+2. The results confirm that AL can remove heavy metals from wastewater efficiently, which is a cheap and environmentally friendly adsorbent. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms fit the experimental data perfectly. The results indicate that the adsorption of pb+2, Cu+2 and Cd+2 ions is well fitted by the pseudo second-order kinetic model.

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Optimization of process parameters for heavy metals biosorption onto mustard waste biomass

Open Chemistry ◽

10.1515/chem-2016-0019 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 175-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Lăcrămioara (Negrilă) Nemeş ◽

Laura Bulgariu

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Aqueous Media ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Waste Biomass ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Biosorption Process ◽

Optimization Of Process Parameters ◽

Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽

Equilibrium Data ◽

Order Kinetic Model

AbstractMustard waste biomass was tested as a biosorbent for the removal of Pb(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution. This strategy may be a sustainable option for the utilization of such wastes. The influence of the most important operating parameters of the biosorption process was analyzed in batch experiments, and optimal conditions were found to include initial solution pH 5.5, 5.0 g biosorbent/L, 2 hours of contact time and high temperature. Kinetics analyses show that the maximum of biosorption was quickly reached and could be described by a pseudo-second order kinetic model. The equilibrium data were well fitted by the Langmuir model, and the highest values of maximum biosorption capacity were obtained with Pb(II), followed by Zn(II) and Cd(II). The thermodynamic parameters of the biosorption process (ΔG, ΔH and ΔS) were also evaluated from isotherms. The results of this study suggest that mustard waste biomass can be used for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous media.

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Removal of Azo Dyes (Violet B and Violet 5R) from Aqueous Solution Using New Activated Carbon Developed from Orange Peel

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2013/283274 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Saeedeh Hashemian ◽

Khaterah Salari ◽

Hamila Salehifar ◽

Zahra Atashi Yazdi

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Contact Time ◽

Organic Dyes ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Orange Peel ◽

Polluted Water ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Operational Parameters ◽

Freundlich Isotherms ◽

Order Kinetic Model

Activated carbon developed from agricultural waste orange peel (COP) was prepared. COP was characterized using Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and BET. COP has surface area and mean pore diameter of 225.6 m2 g−1and 22.40 nm, respectively. The removal of violet B (VB) and violet 5R (V5R) from aqueous solutions by COP was investigated. The effect of operational parameters such as contact time, pH, initial dye concentration, and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption of dyes was investigated. Maximum dye was removed within 30 min of contact time at pH > 7. Two common models, the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, were used to investigate the interaction of dye and COPs. The isotherm evaluations revealed that the Langmuir model provides better fit to the experimental data than the Freundlich model. The adsorption of VB and V5R onto COP was followed by pseudo-second-order kinetic model with a good correlation (R2>0.99). Activation energies 5.47 and 29.7 KJ mol−1were determined for violet B and violet 5R, respectively. The rate of adsorption of violet 5R was faster than that of violet B (kV5R>kVB). The prepared COP could thus be used as promising adsorbent for removal of organic dyes, especially azo dye, from polluted water. The solid COP could be conveniently regenerated after adsorption.

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Biosorption of Pentachlorophenol from Aqueous Solutions by Aspergillus Niger Biomass

Iranian Jornal of Toxicology ◽

10.32598/ijt.10.4.337.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 33-39

Author(s):

Reza Shokoohi ◽

◽

Salah Azizi ◽

Seyed Amir Ghiasian ◽

Ali Poormohammadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Aqueous Solutions ◽

Contact Time ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Maximum Efficiency ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Freundlich Isotherms ◽

Order Kinetic Model ◽

Decreasing Ph ◽

Biomass Dosage

Background: This study aimed to investigate the biosorption of pentachlorophenol on Aspergillus niger biomass as a method for removal of pentachlorophenol from aqueous solutions. Methods: Modified A. niger biomass with NaOH was used to absorb the pentachlorophenol. The impacts of various experimental parameters like primary pentachlorophenol concentration, pH of the solution, contact time, and biomass dosage on the biosorption of pentachlorophenol were investigated. Results: The correlation of contact time, pH and initial concentration with the biosorption of pentachlorophenol by A. niger biomass was statistically significant (P<0.001). Pentachlorophenol removal increased with decreasing pH of the solution and the maximum efficiency was obtained at pH=3. The equilibrium adsorption capacity was increased from 4.23 to 11.65 mg/g by increasing initial pentachlorophenol concentration from 10 to 40 mg/L, while pentachlorophenol removal efficiency decreased from 87 to 55%. Both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms efficiently described adsorption equilibrium of pentachlorophenol on A. niger biomass. Correlation coefficients for the second order kinetic model were almost equal to one. Conclusion: A. niger biomass can be used to reduce the toxicity of aqueous solutions containing pentachlorophenol in acidic pH conditions.

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Single-Step Hydrothermal Synthesis of Biochar from H3PO4-Activated Lettuce Waste for Efficient Adsorption of Cd(II) in Aqueous Solution

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules27010269 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 269

Author(s):

Quyun Chen ◽

Tian C. Zhang ◽

Like Ouyang ◽

Shaojun Yuan

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Aqueous Solution ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Low Cost ◽

Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽

Single Step ◽

Batch Adsorption ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Order Kinetic Model

Developing an ideal and cheap adsorbent for adsorbing heavy metals from aqueous solution has been urgently need. In this study, a novel, effective and low-cost method was developed to prepare the biochar from lettuce waste with H3PO4 as an acidic activation agent at a low-temperature (circa 200 °C) hydrothermal carbonization process. A batch adsorption experiment demonstrated that the biochar reaches the adsorption equilibrium within 30 min, and the optimal adsorption capacity of Cd(II) is 195.8 mg∙g−1 at solution pH 6.0, which is significantly improved from circa 20.5 mg∙g−1 of the original biochar without activator. The fitting results of the prepared biochar adsorption data conform to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (PSO) and the Sips isotherm model, and the Cd(II) adsorption is a spontaneous and exothermic process. The hypothetical adsorption mechanism is mainly composed of ion exchange, electrostatic attraction, and surface complexation. This work offers a novel and low-temperature strategy to produce cheap and promising carbon-based adsorbents from organic vegetation wastes for removing heavy metals in aquatic environment efficiently.

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Adsorption and Kinetics Studies of Cu (II) ions Removal from Aqueous Solution by Untreated and Treated Sugarcane Bagasse

Global NEST Journal ◽

10.30955/gnj.001628 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 583-593 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Keyword(s):

Sugarcane Bagasse ◽

Contact Time ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Freundlich Isotherms ◽

Adsorption Affinity ◽

Optimum Ph ◽

Intra Particle Diffusion ◽

Order Kinetic Model ◽

Pseudo Second Order ◽

Better Than

<div> <p>Adsorption of Cu (II) ions by untreated sugarcane bagasse (USCB) and treated sugarcane bagasse (TSCB) was investigated. Sugarcane bagasse was treated with 0.1M oxalic acid prior to TSCB adsorption studies. Dependence of Cu (II) adsorption on pH, contact time, temperature and initial concentration of adsorbate solution were also investigated. Optimum pH 2 and contact time of 100 minutes were observed for both USCB and TSCB, while Cu II sorption increased with temperature. Under optimum condition, TSCB adsorbed Cu (II) ions better than USCB (1.854mgg<sup>-1</sup>and 0.556mgg<sup>-1</sup>respectively). Thermodynamic investigations showed that Cu (II) adsorption was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic. Kinetic data was adequately described by Ho’s pseudo-second-order kinetic model while intra-particle diffusion model described a slow adsorption affinity. It was concluded that Cu (II) adsorption by sugarcane bagasse is a favourable chemisorption process and was well explained by both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms.</p> </div> <p> </p>

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Utilisation of Biomass and Hybrid Biochar from Elephant Grass and Low Density Polyethylene for the Competitive Adsorption of Pb(II), Cu(II), Fe(II) and Zn(II) from Aqueous Media

Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Chemical Engineering) ◽

10.2174/2405520413999201117143926 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

Author(s):

Joshua O. Ighalo ◽

Lois T. Arowoyele ◽

Samuel Ogunniyi ◽

Comfort A. Adeyanju ◽

Folasade M. Oladipo-Emmanuel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Contact Time ◽

Competitive Adsorption ◽

Adsorption Process ◽

Aqueous Media ◽

Polluted Water ◽

Batch Adsorption ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Elephant Grass

Background: The presence of pollutants in polluted water is not singularized hence pollutant species are constantly in competition for active sites during the adsorption process. A key advantage of competitive adsorption studies is that it informs on the adsorbent performance in real water treatment applications. Objective: This study aims to investigate the competitive adsorption of Pb(II), Cu(II), Fe(II) and Zn(II) using elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) biochar and hybrid biochar from LDPE. Method: The produced biochar was characterised by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The effect of adsorption parameters, equilibrium isotherm modelling and parametric studies were conducted based on data from the batch adsorption experiments. Results: For both adsorbents, the removal efficiency was >99% over the domain of the entire investigation for dosage and contact time suggesting that they are very efficient for removing multiple heavy metals from aqueous media. It was observed that removal efficiency was optimal at 2 g/l dosage and contact time of 20 minutes for both adsorbent types. The Elovich isotherm and the pseudo-second order kinetic models were best-fit for the competitive adsorption process. Conclusion: The study was able to successfully reveal that biomass biochar from elephant grass and hybrid biochar from LDPE can be used as effective adsorbent material for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous media. This study bears a positive implication for environmental protection and solid waste management.

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Sawdust for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Water: A Review

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26144318 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (14) ◽

pp. 4318

Author(s):

Elie Meez ◽

Abbas Rahdar ◽

George Z. Kyzas

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Adsorption Mechanism ◽

Freundlich Isotherm ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Suitable Material ◽

Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽

Order Kinetic Model ◽

Pseudo Second Order ◽

And Control ◽

Environmental Agencies

The threat of the accumulation of heavy metals in wastewater is increasing, due to their abilities to inflict damage to human health, especially in the past decade. The world’s environmental agencies are trying to issue several regulations that allow the management and control of random disposals of heavy metals. Scientific studies have heavily focused on finding suitable materials and techniques for the purification of wastewaters, but most solutions have been rejected due to cost-related issues. Several potential materials for this objective have been found and have been compared to determine the most suitable material for the purification process. Sawdust, among all the materials investigated, shows high potential and very promising results. Sawdust has been shown to have a good structure suitable for water purification processes. Parameters affecting the adsorption mechanism of heavy metals into sawdust have been studied and it has been shown that pH, contact time and several other parameters could play a major role in improving the adsorption process. The adsorption was found to follow the Langmuir or Freundlich isotherm and a pseudo second-order kinetic model, meaning that the type of adsorption was a chemisorption. Sawdust has major advantages to be considered and is one of the most promising materials to solve the wastewater problem.

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Phosphorus removal from aqueous solution using a novel granular material developed from building waste

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2017.019 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 75 (6) ◽

pp. 1500-1511 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Shengjiong Yang ◽

Pengkang Jin ◽

Xiaochang C. Wang ◽

Qionghua Zhang ◽

Xiaotian Chen

Keyword(s):

Granular Material ◽

Chemical Precipitation ◽

Phosphate Removal ◽

Precipitation Process ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Removal Capacity ◽

Order Kinetic Model ◽

Pseudo Second Order

In this study, a granular material (GM) developed from building waste was used for phosphate removal from phosphorus-containing wastewater. Batch experiments were executed to investigate the phosphate removal capacity of this material. The mechanism of removal proved to be a chemical precipitation process. The characteristics of the material and resulting precipitates, the kinetics of the precipitation and Ca2+ liberation processes, and the effects of dosage and pH were investigated. The phosphate precipitation and Ca2+ liberation processes were both well described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. A maximum precipitation capacity of 0.51 ± 0.06 mg g−1 and a liberation capacity of 6.79 ± 0.77 mg g−1 were measured under the experimental conditions. The processes reached equilibrium in 60 min. The initial solution pH strongly affected phosphate removal under extreme conditions (pH <4 and pH >10). The precipitates comprised hydroxyapatite and brushite. This novel GM can be considered a promising material for phosphate removal from wastewater.

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Municipal Leachate Treatment by Fenton Process: Effect of Some Variable and Kinetics

Journal of Environmental and Public Health ◽

10.1155/2013/169682 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Mohammad Ahmadian ◽

Sohyla Reshadat ◽

Nader Yousefi ◽

Seyed Hamed Mirhossieni ◽

Mohammad Reza Zare ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Color Removal ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Fenton Process ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Leachate Treatment ◽

First Order ◽

Order Kinetic Model ◽

Better Than

Due to complex composition of leachate, the comprehensive leachate treatment methods have been not demonstrated. Moreover, the improper management of leachate can lead to many environmental problems. The aim of this study was application of Fenton process for decreasing the major pollutants of landfill leachate on Kermanshah city. The leachate was collected from Kermanshah landfill site and treated by Fenton process. The effect of various parameters including solution pH, Fe2+and H2O2dosage, Fe2+/H2O2molar ratio, and reaction time was investigated. The result showed that with increasing Fe2+and H2O2dosage, Fe2+/H2O2molar ratio, and reaction time, the COD, TOC, TSS, and color removal increased. The maximum COD, TOC, TSS, and color removal were obtained at low pH (pH: 3). The kinetic data were analyzed in term of zero-order, first-order, and second-order expressions. First-order kinetic model described the removal of COD, TOC, TSS, and color from leachate better than two other kinetic models. In spite of extremely difficulty of leachate treatment, the previous results seem rather encouraging on the application of Fenton’s oxidation.

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Biosorption of Congo Red and Methylene Blue by pretreated waste Streptomyces fradiae biomass - Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies

Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society ◽

10.2298/jsc170519093v ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 83 (1) ◽

pp. 107-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Zdravka Velkova ◽

Gergana Kirova ◽

Margarita Stoytcheva ◽

Velizar Gochev

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Congo Red ◽

Contact Time ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Batch Experiments ◽

Streptomyces Fradiae ◽

Order Kinetic Model ◽

Pseudo Second Order ◽

Kinetic And Thermodynamic Studies ◽

Pretreated Biomass

Pretreated waste Streptomyces fradiae biomass was utilized as an eco-friendly sorbent for Congo Red (CR) and Methylene Blue (MB) removal from aqueous solutions. The biosorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Batch experiments were conducted to study the effect of pH, biosorbent dosage, initial concentration of adsorbates, contact time and temperature on the biosorption of the two dyes. The equilibrium adsorption data were analysed using Freundlich and Langmuir models. Both models fitted well the experimental data. The maximum biosorption capacity of the pretreated Streptomyces fradiae biomass was 46.64 mg g-1 for CR and 59.63 mg g-1 for MB, at a pH 6.0, with the contact time of 120 min, the biosorbent dosage of 2 g dm-3 and the temperature of 298 K. Lagergren and Ho kinetic models were used to analyse the kinetic data obtained from different batch experiments. The biosorption of both dyes followed better the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The calculated values for ?G, ?S, and ?H indicated that the biosorption of CR and MB onto the waste pretreated biomass was feasible, spontaneous, and exothermic in the selected temperature range and conditions.

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