scholarly journals Removal of amoxicillin from aqueous solution using sludge-based activated carbon modified by walnut shell and nano-titanium dioxide

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaorong Kang ◽  
Yali Liu ◽  
Can Yang ◽  
Han Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Walnut Shell ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Nano Titanium Dioxide

Abstract Dewatered municipal sludge was used as raw material to prepare activated carbon (SAC), and the SAC was modified by walnut shell and nano-titanium dioxide (MSAC). The results showed that the MSAC had a higher specific surface area (SBET) (279.147 m2/g) and total pore volume (VT) (0.324 cm3/g) than the SAC. Simultaneously, the functional groups such as C-O, C = O, and Ti-O-Ti on the surface of MSAC were enhanced due to modification. These physicochemical properties provided prerequisites for the diffusion and degradation of pollutants in MSAC. Furthermore, the MSAC was applied to adsorb amoxicillin (AMX) from aqueous solution, in batch experiments, the maximum removal rate (88.19%) was observed at an initial AMX concentration of 30 mg/L, MSAC dosage of 5.0 g/L, pH of 8, contact time of 180 min, and temperature of 25 °C. In addition, the adsorption process was well described by the Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating that the adsorption of AMX onto MSAC was dominated by multilayer chemisorption. Also, the adsorption thermodynamics suggested that the adsorption process of AMX onto MSAC was endothermic, feasible and spontaneous.

scholarly journals Study on Adsorption Properties of Modified Corn Cob Activated Carbon for Mercury Ion

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4483
Author(s):  
Yuyingnan Liu ◽  
Xinrui Xu ◽  
Bin Qu ◽  
Xiaofeng Liu ◽  
Weiming Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Mercury Ions ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Adsorption Time ◽  
X Ray

In this study, corn cob was used as raw material and modified methods employing KOH and KMnO4 were used to prepare activated carbon with high adsorption capacity for mercury ions. Experiments on the effects of different influencing factors on the adsorption of mercury ions were undertaken. The results showed that when modified with KOH, the optimal adsorption time was 120 min, the optimum pH was 4; when modified with KMnO4, the optimal adsorption time was 60 min, the optimal pH was 3, and the optimal amount of adsorbent and the initial concentration were both 0.40 g/L and 100 mg/L under both modified conditions. The adsorption process conforms to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Zeta potential characterization results showed that the adsorption process is mainly physical adsorption, surface complexation and ion exchange.

scholarly journals Removal of crystal violet dye by a novel adsorbent derived from waste active sludge used in wastewater treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deniz Akin Sahbaz ◽  
Sahra Dandil ◽  
Caglayan Acikgoz
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Crystal Violet ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Active Sludge ◽  
Adsorbent Dosage

Abstract This study dealt with preparation of the activated carbon derived from active sludge as an adsorbent for the adsorption of crystal violet (CV) from aqueous solution. The waste active sludge was activated chemically with KOH and carbonized to get activated carbon with a large surface area and a high porosity. The activated carbon was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) instrument, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Adsorption of CV from aqueous solution onto the activated carbon was investigated under varying conditions, such as adsorbent dosage (1–6 g/L), solution pH (4–9), contact time period (0–150 min), initial dye concentration (20–100 mg/L), and temperature (25–55 °C). 4.0 g/L of adsorbent dosage was chosen as the optimum level due to having a high removal rate (96.2%) (initial CV concentration 60 mg/L; 150 rpm; pH 6; 25 °C). The adsorption kinetic and adsorption isotherms were well described by the pseudo second order kinetic and the Freundlich isotherm model, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption is a spontaneous process and favored at higher temperatures. The results show that the activated carbon derived from active sludge could be employed as a low-cost material for the removal of CV dye.

scholarly journals Removal of phosphate from aqueous solution by sewage sludge-based activated carbon loaded with pyrolusite

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sicong Yao ◽  
Meicheng Wang ◽  
Jilong Liu ◽  
Shuxiong Tang ◽  
Hengli Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Phosphate Adsorption ◽  
Order Kinetic

Abstract Activated carbons were prepared from sewage sludge by chemical activation with pyrolusite (PAC) to develop an efficient adsorbent for phosphate removal from aqueous solution. One percent (wt.) pyrolusite addition was proved to have an important effect on pore formation of the produced carbon. PAC showed 17.06% larger Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area than the sewage sludge-based activated carbon without modification (SAC). The adsorption results showed that the phosphate removal by PAC was 13% higher than SAC's. The adsorption experiments also showed that PAC had very good performance with high phosphate removal rate (ca. 90%) in a wide pH range (pH = 4–8), and could be stable after 30 min reaction. Adsorption isotherm and kinetics studies demonstrated that phosphate adsorption onto the modified adsorbent was well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm and could be described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The modified sewage sludge-based activated carbons were effective and alternative adsorbents for the removal of phosphorus from aqueous solution due to their considerable adsorptive capacities and the low-cost renewable sources.

scholarly journals Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution by Bone Char

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puqi Jia ◽  
Hongwei Tan ◽  
Kuiren Liu ◽  
Wei Gao
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Equilibration Time ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Bone Char

Bone char was prepared from bovine bone for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution. The effects of particle size, contact time, and adsorption temperature on the removal rate of methylene blue were investigated. It was found that bone char particle size had an insignificant effect. The equilibration time was found at approximately 80 min. The removal rate decreased with an increase in temperature. The intraparticle diffusion was the main rate-limiting step. The experimental data was analyzed by kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic equations. The results show that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Kaganer–Radushkevich isotherm models are true of the adsorption process. The spontaneous and exothermic ion-exchange adsorption process was certified by the negative values of free energy change and enthalpy change, and 13.29 kJ mol−1 of adsorption energy.

scholarly journals Investigation of effectiveness of pyrolysis products on removal of alizarin yellow GG from aqueous solution: a comparative study with commercial activated carbon

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 1191-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihan Kaya ◽  
Zeynep Yildiz Uzun
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Walnut Shell ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Adsorbent Dosage ◽  
Pine Cone ◽  
Alizarin Yellow

Abstract The increasing use of dyestuff in industrial applications brings with it environmental problems. These dyes, which are an eco-toxic hazard, are common water pollutants, even at very low concentrations in water resources. Therefore, they must be removed in an economical way. In this study, low-cost biosorbents such as pine cone char, walnut shell char, and hazelnut shell char were prepared by pyrolysis process at different carbonization temperatures in the range of 400–700 °C. Biochars with the highest surface area were used to remove alizarin yellow GG from aqueous solution and the adsorption capacities of these materials were compared to commercially available activated carbon. Biomasses and prepared biochars were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric/differential thermogravimetry analysis, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, partial and elemental analysis techniques. Operational parameters such as contact time, temperature, pH, adsorbent dosage, and initial dye concentration were considered as variables for the batch adsorption experiments. Among the biochars used, the highest adsorption efficiency (82%) was obtained in pine cone char (BET surface area 259.74 m2/g) at pH = 3, T = 45 °C, adsorbent dosage of 8 g/L, and initial dye concentration of 20 ppm. The adsorption mechanism has been investigated by applying different kinetic and isotherm models with the aid of time-dependent adsorption data. The adsorption process was best described by Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetic model.

scholarly journals The removal of anionic and cationic dyes from an aqueous solution using biomass-based activated carbon

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Umairah M. Nizam ◽  
Marlia M. Hanafiah ◽  
Ebrahim Mahmoudi ◽  
Azhar A. Halim ◽  
Abdul Wahab Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Morphological Studies

AbstractIn this study, two biomass-based adsorbents were used as new precursors for optimizing synthesis conditions of a cost-effective powdered activated carbon (PAC). The PAC removed dyes from an aqueous solution using carbonization and activation by KOH, NaOH, and H2SO4. The optimum synthesis, activation temperature, time and impregnation ratio, removal rate, and uptake capacity were determined. The optimum PAC was analyzed and characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Zeta potential, and Raman spectroscopy. Morphological studies showed single-layered planes with highly porous surfaces, especially PAC activated by NaOH and H2SO4. The results showed that the experimental data were well-fitted with a pseudo-second-order model. Based on Langmuir isotherm, the maximum adsorption capacity for removing methylene blue (MB) was 769.23 mg g−1 and 458.43 mg g−1 for congo red (CR). Based on the isotherm models, more than one mechanism was involved in the adsorption process, monolayer for the anionic dye and multilayer for the cationic dye. Elovich and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models showed that rubber seed shells (RSS) has higher α values with a greater tendency to adsorb dyes compared to rubber seed (RS). A thermodynamic study showed that both dyes’ adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic due to the negative values of the enthalpy (ΔH) and Gibbs free energy (ΔG). The change in removal efficiency of adsorbent for regeneration study was observed in the seventh cycles, with a 3% decline in the CR and 2% decline in MB removal performance. This study showed that the presence of functional groups and active sites on the produced adsorbent (hydroxyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, and π − π) contributed to its considerable affinity for adsorption in dye removal. Therefore, the optimum PAC can serve as efficient and cost-effective adsorbents to remove dyes from industrial wastewater.

scholarly journals Modeling and Optimizing of NH4+ Removal from Stormwater by Coal-Based Granular Activated Carbon Using RSM and ANN Coupled with GA

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 608
Author(s):  
Aixin Yu ◽  
Yuankun Liu ◽  
Xing Li ◽  
Yanling Yang ◽  
Zhiwei Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Rsm Optimization

As a key parameter in the adsorption process, removal rate is not available under most operating conditions due to the time and cost of experimental testing. To address this issue, evaluation of the efficiency of NH4+ removal from stormwater by coal-based granular activated carbon (CB-GAC), a novel approach, the response surface methodology (RSM), back-propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) coupled with genetic algorithm (GA), has been applied in this research. The sorption process was modeled based on Box-Behnben design (BBD) RSM method for independent variables: Contact time, initial concentration, temperature, and pH; suggesting a quadratic polynomial model with p-value < 0.001, R2 = 0.9762. The BP-ANN with a structure of 4-8-1 gave the best performance. Compared with the BBD-RSM model, the BP-ANN model indicated better prediction of the response with R2 = 0.9959. The weights derived from BP-ANN was further analyzed by Garson equation, and the results showed that the order of the variables’ effectiveness is as follow: Contact time (31.23%) > pH (24.68%) > temperature (22.93%) > initial concentration (21.16%). The process parameters were optimized via RSM optimization tools and GA. The results of validation experiments showed that the optimization results of GA-ANN are more accurate than BBD-RSM, with contact time = 899.41 min, initial concentration = 17.35 mg/L, temperature = 15 °C, pH = 6.98, NH4+ removal rate = 63.74%, and relative error = 0.87%. Furthermore, the CB-GAC has been characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). The isotherm and kinetic studies of the adsorption process illustrated that adsorption of NH4+ onto CB-GAC corresponded Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The calculated maximum adsorption capacity was 0.2821 mg/g.

scholarly journals Modeling of experimental data for the adsorption of methyl orange from aqueous solution using a low cost activated carbon prepared from Prosopis juliflora

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kumar ◽  
R. Tamilarasan
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Linear Method ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Order Kinetic

This paper presents the feasibility for the removal of methyl orange (MO) dye from aqueous solution using an activated carbon prepared from Prosopis juliflora bark. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out as a function of pH, contact time, adsorbate concentration, adsorbent dosage and temperature. The commonly applicable isotherms namely Freundlich and Langmuir equations are used for the prediction of isotherm parameters. A comparison of linear least-square method and a trial-and-error non-linear method are examined in Freundlich and Langmuir (Four forms) isotherms. The nature of adsorption isotherm feasibility was evaluated with dimensionless separation factors (RL). The dynamics of adsorption process was analyzed with Lagergren’s Pseudo-first order and Pseudo-second order kinetic equations. Thermodynamic parameters like the change in enthalpy (ΔHo), change in entropy (ΔSo) and change in Gibbs free energy (ΔGo) were evaluated and ΔGo shows a negative value whereas ΔHo shows the positive value indicating that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The functional group characterization of the adsorbent was done using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The thermal stability of activated carbon was analyzed using Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential thermal analysis (DTA).

Adsorption of Chromium (VI) from Aqueous Solution by Agricultural Waste Derived Activated Carbon

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 2100-2106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Zhang ◽  
Xue Hong Zhang ◽  
Yi Nian Zhu ◽  
Shou Rui Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Chromium Vi ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Grapefruit Peel ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
C 30

Activated carbon prepared from grapefruit peel, an agricultural solid waste by-product, has been used for the adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. The effects of adsorbent dosage, pH and temperature on adsorption of Cr(VI) were investigated. The maximum adsorption yield was obtained at the initial pH of 3. The dynamical data fit very well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the calculated adsorption capacities (23.98, 24.33 and 24.81 mg/g) were in good agreement with experiment results at 20°C, 30°C and 40 °C for the 100 mg/L Cr(VI) solution. The Freundlich model (R2 values were 0.9198-0.9871) fitted adsorption data better than the Langmuir model. The calculated parameters confirmed the favorable adsorption of Cr(VI) on the activated carbon prepared from grapefruit peel.

Nanoparticle Fe3O4 magnetized activated carbon from Armeniaca sibirica shell for the adsorption of Hg(II) ions

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 6100-6120
Author(s):  
Yinan Hao ◽  
Yanfei Pan ◽  
Qingwei Du ◽  
Xudong Li ◽  
Ximing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Entropy Change ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Adsorption Parameters ◽  
Initial Concentration

Armeniaca sibirica shell activated carbon (ASSAC) magnetized by nanoparticle Fe3O4 prepared from Armeniaca sibirica shell was investigated to determine its adsorption for Hg2+ from wastewater. Fe3O4/ASSAC was characterized using XRD (X-ray diffraction), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), SEM (scanning electron microscopy), and BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller). Optimum adsorption parameters were determined based on the initial concentration of Hg2+, reaction time, reaction temperature, and pH value in adsorption studies. The experiment results demonstrated that the specific surface area of ASSAC decreased after magnetization; however the adsorption capacity and removal rate of Hg2+ increased 0.656 mg/g and 0.630%, respectively. When the initial concentration of Hg2+ solution was 250 mg/L and the pH value was 2, the adsorption time was 180 min and the temperature was 30 °C, and with the Fe3O4/ASSAC at 0.05 g, the adsorption reaching 97.1 mg/g, and the removal efficiency was 99.6%. The adsorption capacity of Fe3O4/ASSAC to Hg2+ was in accord with Freundlich isotherm models, and a pseudo-second-order kinetic equation was used to fit the adsorption best. The Gibbs free energy ΔGo < 0，enthalpy change ΔHo < 0, and entropy change ΔSo < 0 which manifested the adsorption was a spontaneous and exothermic process.

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