Treatment of Agro-Industrial Wastes Using Water Hyacinth

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 781-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. John
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Acceptable Quality ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Plant Trials ◽  
Lagoon Systems

In Malaysia lagoon systems have been successfully adopted by the natural rubber (NR) and oil palm industries to treat their effluents. The possibility of using Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) in the lagoons to further improve the treatment system was investigated. Good removal of pollutants from the block rubber effluent was achieved using a hydraulic retention of 10 - 15 days. The resulting effluent discharge was of acceptable quality. Water hyacinth also markedly improved the quality of the effluent from the remilling rubber factories. Consequently propagation of water hyacinth in the lagoons has been recommended. Pilot plant trials with palm oil mill effluent (POME) have shown that water hyacinth can be successfully grown in anaerobically digested liquor removing 96% BOD, 87% COD, 96% suspended solids, 83% ammoniacal nitrogen and 97% oil and grease. It also removed more than 99% of the indicative bacteria such as coliforms, E.coli and Streptococci. Under the Malaysian conditions, water hyacinth grew profusely yielding about 500 kg of dry matter per ha per day. The average dry weight was about 5.0% and it contained about 24% protein, 21% fibre and 14% ash.

PENGARUH KONDISI EKOSISTEM DARAT KORIDOR SUNGAI TERHADAP DANAU RAWA PENING

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Hanggari Sittadewi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
River Corridors ◽  
River Corridor ◽  
Environment Degradation

Environment degradation in Rawa Pening’s lake is caused of descend lake’s functions for some potentions and activities around the lake. Some problems in the Rawa Pening’s lake has emerged i.e : decrease water quality of lake, abundance of water hyacinth growth and increase sediment in the bottom lake. A research about infl uences of land ecosystem on Panjang and Galeh river corridors for Rawa Pening’s lake has been done. Two rivers named Galeh and Panjang are the largest water contribution in Rawa Pening’s lake. That caused the land characteristic ecosystem of that river corridors gives infl uences in the Rawa Pening’s lake.Key words: land ecosystem, river corridor, water contribution, Rawa Pening Lake.

scholarly journals Adjustment of Olive Fruit Temperature before Grinding for Olive Oil Extraction. Experimental Study and Pilot Plant Trials

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 586
Author(s):  
Eddy Plasquy ◽  
José María García Martos ◽  
María del Carmen Florido Fernández ◽  
Rafael Rubén Sola-Guirado ◽  
Juan Francisco García Martín
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Precise Adjustment ◽  
Olive Cultivars ◽  
Plant Trials ◽  
Washing Water

Harvesting at high temperatures and bulk transport can negatively influence the quality of olives and lead to undesirable alterations in the extracted oil. Cooling the fruit in the field would be the most logical solution, but it means that the olives arrive too cold at the mill for immediate processing. In this work, the use of warm water in the washing tub to warm up the fruit before grinding instead of flash heat treatment on the paste was assessed in two experiments. In the first one, at the laboratory level, the temperature after milling was determined in three olive cultivars, previously stored at 5 or 10 °C, and then submerged at different water temperatures (25, 30, and 35 °C) for 15, 30, 45, and 60 s. In the second one, two batches of olives were cooled in the field at 5 °C and then conditioned with washing water to obtain a paste at the entrance of the pilot plant malaxer at 27 °C. The temperature of the olives was measured at five points from the discharging up to their entering, as paste, into the malaxer. The results demonstrated the feasibility of the method as the temperature of the ground olives was kept at the desired temperature (28 ± 1 °C). The trials highlight the potential for automating an even more precise adjustment of the temperature of the olives before milling once the washing tub is equipped with a safe heating system.

scholarly journals Manufacturing and development of a bolted GFRP flange joint for oil and gas applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440542198951
Author(s):  
Muhsin Aljuboury ◽  
Md Jahir Rizvi ◽  
Stephen Grove ◽  
Richard Cullen
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Polyester Resin ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Adhesively Bonded ◽  
Acceptable Quality ◽  
Composite Pipe ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Composite Pipes

The goal of this experimental study is to manufacture a bolted GFRP flange connection for composite pipes with high strength and performance. A mould was designed and manufactured, which ensures the quality of the composite materials and controls its surface grade. Based on the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section X, this GFRP flange was fabricated using biaxial glass fibre braid and polyester resin in a vacuum infusion process. In addition, many experiments were carried out using another mould made of glass to solve process-related issues. Moreover, an investigation was conducted to compare the drilling of the GFRP flange using two types of tools; an Erbauer diamond tile drill bit and a Brad & Spur K10 drill. Six GFRP flanges were manufactured to reach the final product with acceptable quality and performance. The flange was adhesively bonded to a composite pipe after chamfering the end of the pipe. Another type of commercially-available composite flange was used to close the other end of the pipe. Finally, blind flanges were used to close both ends, making the pressure vessel that will be tested under the range of the bolt load and internal pressure.

scholarly journals Ultraviolet Transparency of Plastic Films Determines the Quality of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Grown in a Greenhouse

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 358
Author(s):  
Deissy Giovanna Quintero-Arias ◽  
John Fabio Acuña-Caita ◽  
Carlos Asensio ◽  
Juan Luis Valenzuela
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Plastic Film ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Plastic Films ◽  
High Solar Radiation ◽  
Cycle Growth

The quality of red lettuce is based on the content of anthocyanin pigments, and the content of these pigments increases when the plant receives ultraviolet radiation. Lettuce crops are increasingly being grown in greenhouses to provide better quality fresh lettuce; however, both quality and productivity are affected by the type of cover used. The effects of UV-transparent and UV-blocking plastic films on the growth and quality of three lettuce cultivars (‘Casabella’ and ‘Vera’, which are both green leaf, and ‘Lollo Rosso’, which is red leaf) were investigated. The crop was cultivated at an altitude of 2576 m a.s.l. to naturally expose it to high ultraviolet radiation. The height and diameter of plants, fresh and dry weight, leaf area index, chlorophyll fluorescence, and leaf colour were determined throughout the crop cycle. Growth characteristics were not significantly influenced by the plastic film in all cultivars, probably due to the high altitude and the high solar radiation received. The UV-transparent film could increase the red colour in ‘Lollo Rosso’, and a higher commercial quality was achieved. No effect of the plastic film on the yield component was observed in the ‘Casabella’ and ‘Vera’ cultivars. The findings of this study provide guidance on what cultivar and plastic film must be used in high-altitude areas where the solar and UV radiation is high.

Effect on Position of Electromagnetic Stirring on Inclusion Behaviors in Billet

2013 ◽  
Vol 805-806 ◽  
pp. 1716-1719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui Fang Zhang ◽  
Yue Hua Ding ◽  
Zhe Shi
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Steel ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Electromagnetic Stirring ◽  
Cast Billet ◽  
Inclusion Removal ◽  
Optimum Position ◽  
Steel Cleanliness ◽  
Plant Trials

A considerable number of research works have been carried out to study the effects of electric current and frequency of Electromagnetic Stirring (EMS) on the quality of cast steels, but there are only a few studies available addressing the effects of EMS location on inclusion removal and steel cleanliness An ideal position of EMS will improve inclusion floatation and separation from liquid steel. However, inappropriate installation will lead to the entrapment of the slag into liquid steel, and impact the quality of cast billet. The current applied for these plant trials was 300A at a frequency of 3Hz,positions form axial centers of EMS to the top of the mold were 450mm, 510mm and 690mm respectively . 130 billets of medium carbon steel were produced and samples were taken for spectral analysis to study the effects of installation location of EMS on steel cleanliness. The experimental results show that the optimum position of EMS should be placed 510mm from the top end of the copper mold when the electrical current is 300A at frequency of 3 Hz. The three parameters of placement of EMS in paper were obtained from the simulation results, and this paper focused mainly on the effect EMS position on inclusion behaviors in billet.

Study of the Activated Charcoal Structure from Water Hyacinth Based on Carbonization Temperature Variations and Activators

2021 ◽  
Vol 1028 ◽  
pp. 326-330
Author(s):  
Otong Nurhilal ◽  
Sahrul Hidayat ◽  
Dadan Sumiarsa ◽  
Maykel Manawan ◽  
Risdiana
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Material ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Lithium Sulfur Batteries ◽  
Amorphous Structures ◽  
Degree Of Graphitization ◽  
The Degree Of Crystallinity

The quality of the carbon material for application of electrodes in the battery is indicated by its ability to intercalate ions, atoms or molecules. Graphite is a carbon material with good intercalation capability. In this research, a carbon material in the form of activated charcoal produced from biomass of water hyacinth has been prepared, which is carbonized at various temperatures of 400, 500, and 600 °C with three different activators of ZnCl2, KOH and H3PO4. The activated charcoal will be used as a cathode composite in lithium sulfur batteries. To determine the quality of the activated charcoal, the structure properties of activated charcoal were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Several parameters that are determined from XRD data included the degree of crystallinity, and the degree of graphitization (Y). The degree of crystallinity was found in the ranges between 5.56 and 12.6%, where activated charcoal was dominated by amorphous structures. The value of the degree of graphitization was about 36%.

scholarly journals Formation of ‘Crioula’ guava rootstock under saline water irrigation and nitrogen doses

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 739-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro de P. Souza ◽  
Reginaldo G. Nobre ◽  
Evandro M. da Silva ◽  
Geovani S. de Lima ◽  
Francisco W. A. Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Saline Water Irrigation ◽  
N Dose

ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to evaluate the growth and formation of fresh and dry weight of ‘Crioula’ guava rootstock irrigated with waters of different saline levels and nitrogen (N) doses, in an experiment conducted in plastic tubes under greenhouse conditions. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme with four replicates, and the treatments consisted of five levels of water electrical conductivity - ECw (0.3, 1.1, 1.9, 2.7 and 3.5 dS m-1) and four N doses (70, 100, 130 and 160% of the N dose recommended for the cultivation of guava seedlings, cv. ‘Paluma’). The dose referring to 100% corresponds to 773 mg of N dm-3. The highest growth of ‘Crioula’ guava rootstock was obtained with ECw of 0.3 dS m-1 and fertilization of 541.1 mg N dm-3 of soil; increasing N doses did not reduce the deleterious effect of the salt stress on the growth and phytomass formation of ‘Crioula’ guava rootstock; irrigation with water of up to 1.75 dS m-1, in the production of guava rootstocks, promotes acceptable reduction of 10% in growth and quality of the seedlings.

scholarly journals Foliar application of silicon and the effect on wheat seed yield and quality

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Rigo Segalin ◽  
Caroline Huth ◽  
Thais D'Avila Rosa ◽  
Diógenes Barella Pahins ◽  
Liliane Marcia Mertz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Physiological Quality

Adequate nutrients for plants are important for increasing the yield and quality of the seeds produced. The objective of this study was to evaluate foliar fertilization with silicon in wheat and its effect on seed yield and physiological quality. Treatments consisted of two silicon dosages (three and six liters silicon per hectare) and the control (no silicon) and five wheat cultivars: OR "Quartzo", OR "Ônix", Fundacep "Linhagem", Fundacep "Campo Real" and Fundacep "Horizonte". The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications. After physiological maturity, harvesting and threshing of the seeds were done manually. Seed samples were evaluated for yield and physiological quality from the germination test, first germination count, seedling dry weight, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity, 1000 seeds and hectoliter weights. The results showed that the foliar application of silicon at the dosages tested did not affect the yield and physiological quality of the seeds produced by the wheat cultivars.

Storage Life of Refrozen Silver Hake (Merluccius bilinearis) Processed as Fillets am Minced Flesh from Thawed, Stored, Round-Frozen Fish

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2369-2373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Fraser Hiltz ◽  
D. H. North ◽  
Barbara Smith Lall ◽  
R. A. Keith
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Storage Life ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Acceptable Quality ◽  
Frozen Fish ◽  
Silver Hake ◽  
Merluccius Bilinearis ◽  
Protein Extractability

Refrozen silver hake (Merluccius bilinearis), processed as fillets and minced flesh after thawing of stored round fish that had been frozen within 14 h of capture, underwent rapid deterioration during storage at −18 °C compared with once-frozen control materials from the same lot of fish. The estimated maximum storage life of silver hake refrozen as fillets after 3 and 6 mo storage of the round fish at −25 °C was reduced to about 4.5 and 1 mo, respectively, from 10 mo for once-frozen control fillets. Quality of the refrozen materials immediately after thawing and refreezing was similar to that of the round-frozen fish, except after 6 mo, where some initial deterioration occurred, particularly in minced flesh. Minced flesh was more unstable in frozen storage than fillets. In all once- and twice-frozen materials, formation of dimethylamine occurred concomitantly with decrease in protein extractability. Round-frozen fish underwent no loss in protein extractability during 6 mo storage at −25 °C, but some lipid hydrolysis occurred. These results suggest that the freeze–thaw–refreeze process as applied to silver hake will yield a final product of acceptable quality provided that storage of the round fish does not exceed 3–4 mo and that the refrozen materials are marketed within a month after processing. Key words: silver hake, Merluccius bilinearis, refrozen storage, dimethylamine, minced flesh

Locally Derived Activated Carbon From Domestic, Agricultural and Industrial Wastes for the Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent

2019 ◽  
pp. 35-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Abdulrahman Adeleke ◽  
Ab Aziz Abdul Latiff ◽  
Mohammed Radin Saphira ◽  
Zawawi Daud ◽  
Norli Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Palm Oil Mill
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