Ecological Impact of an Oil Spill: Utilization of Biological Indicators

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Glémarec
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Fish Juveniles ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Two Parameters

One of the major difficulties for science today is still the understanding of how a whole ecosystem operates. However, perturbations affecting the normal functioning of an ecosystem can be evaluated and monitored in time, from trophic or dimensional points of view, by studying the macrofauna which is found in the middle of the trophic or dimensional hierarchies of the ecosystem. Organisms in this category are greater than 1 mm in size, and sampling is effected by means of quantitative grabs. Most of these organisms have life cycles generally ranging between 1 and 3 years. They are distinct from other fauna of larger size and longer life cycle, but they are also scattered, and are therefore difficult to sample. The effects of the “Amoco Cadiz” oil spill on the fine sand ecosystem are evaluated by means of macrofauna which represent medium hydrodynamic conditions. Different species were classified in ecological groups according to their sensitivity to hydrocarbons and to organic matter overload. The two parameters, specific richness and abundance per square meter, indicate the structure of the macrofauna population, and a third parameter, the biomass, can also be used. The study of these factors and their evolution in time, as well as the ecological groups, enables definition of the degradation, recolonization and restructuring conditions. Finally, predators such as fish juveniles regulate these communities; six years after the “Amoco Cadiz” oil spill, even if this fine sand ecosystem reaches a new equilibrium, it is still too early for the regulation processes by predators to take place.

scholarly journals Conservation Paleobiology as a Tool to Define Reference Conditions in Naturally Stressed Transitional Settings: Micropaleontological Insights from the Holocene of the Po Coastal Plain (Italy)

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3420
Author(s):  
Giulia Barbieri ◽  
Veronica Rossi ◽  
Anupam Ghosh ◽  
Stefano Claudio Vaiani
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Reference Conditions ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Holocene Sediment ◽  
Conservation Paleobiology ◽  
Definition Of

The key role of paralic environments as providers of ecosystem services, associated with their increasingly threatened state, led to the definition of international water management policies aimed to improve ecological quality status (EcoQs). Restoration actions rely on the definition of reference conditions, which is a particularly challenging task in naturally stressed transitional environments. In the present work, we apply the diversity index Exp(H’bc) on benthic foraminifer assemblages from two anthropogenically unimpacted transitional to coastal Holocene sediment successions of the Po coastal plain, in order to assess past EcoQs (PaleoEcoQs). Ostracod ecological groups provided detailed insights on naturally stressful paleoenvironmental conditions. We show that “poor” to “moderate” PaleoEcoQs are recorded by biological indicators at reference conditions under fluctuations of chemical-physical parameters and organic matter enrichment. We emphasize the importance of a site-specific paleobiological approach, as significant differences in diversity occur even on a short spatial scale. This study illustrates that early to mid-Holocene sediment successions resulted to be appropriate for conservation paleobiological purposes, providing a high-resolution paleoecological record under the influence of the Holocene sea-level rise in analogy with the present-day global change.

Ecological impact of the “Erika” oil spill: Determination of the geographic origin of the affected common guillemots

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Cadiou ◽  
Léa Riffaut ◽  
Karen D. McCoy ◽  
Jérôme Cabelguen ◽  
Matthieu Fortin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Geographic Origin

Life Cycles in Social Science History

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-489
Author(s):  
Andrew Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Science History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Social Science History ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of

When one is asked to speak on the past, present, and future of social science history, one is less overwhelmed by the size of the task than confused by its indexicality. Whose definition of social science history? Which past? Or, put another way, whose past? Indeed, which and whose present? Moreover, should the task be taken as one of description, prescription, or analysis? Many of us might agree on, say, a descriptive analysis of the past of the Social Science History Association. But about the past of social science history as a general rather than purely associational phenomenon, we might differ considerably. The problem of description versus prescription only increases this obscurity.

ПИТАННЯ МОВЛЕННЄВОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ В НАУКОВІЙ ЛІТЕРАТУРІ

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
В. О. Лапіна
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Language Competence ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of

У статті здійснено аналіз різних позицій на визначення поняття «мовленнєва компетентність» у науковій літературі з лінгводидактики та психології.Ключові слова: мовленнєва компетентність/компетенція, мовна компетентність/компетенція.  Analysis of different points of view on the definition of `speech competence` in scientific literature on Linguodidactics and Psychology. Key words: speech competence/competency, language competence/competency.

THE CONCEPT AS THE OBJECT OF STUDY OF LINGUISTICS

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-242
Author(s):  
K. Galiyeva ◽  
◽  
S. Isakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon ◽  
Scientific Fields

The article is devoted to the definition of concept in modern linguistics. Various points of view and definitions of the basic concepts are considered: "concept", "conceptual sphere", "content". The aim of the article is to describe and explain such a complex unit as a concept from the point of view of linguistics. The object of research is studied in its various manifestations, the combination of verbal and nonverbal means of information expression in the conceptual sphere is revealed. the relevance of this topic is due to the need for a detailed consideration of the concept of concept based on the works of prominent scientists and linguists. Researchers treat the concept as a cognitive, psycholinguistic, linguocultural, cultural and linguistic phenomenon. The concept is an umbrella term because it "covers" the subject areas of several scientific fields: primarily cognitive psychology and cognitive linguistics.

Criminological assessment of the identity of the offender serving a sentence of imprisonment for crimes related to drug trafficking for the purpose of sale (on the example of the Republic of Belarus)

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Светлана Михайловна Казакевич
Keyword(s):  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Correctional Institutions ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Illicit Drug Trafficking ◽  
Criminological Analysis

В статье проанализированы имеющиеся в научной литературе точки зрения относительно понятия «личность преступника», представлена авторская дефиниция личности преступника, совершающего преступления в сфере незаконного оборота наркотиков с целью сбыта. Криминологическому анализу подвергнуты осужденные, отбывающие наказание в виде лишения за преступления, связанные с незаконным оборотом наркотиков, по ч. 2, 3 ст. 328 Уголовного кодекса Республики Беларусь. По результатам проведенного эмпирического исследования выявлены особенности социально-демографического, медицинского, уголовно-правового и нравственно-психологического характера, присущие осужденным указанной категории. Обосновывается необходимость осуществления сотрудниками исправительных учреждений постоянного мониторинга личностных качеств осужденных за преступления, связанные с незаконным оборотом наркотиков с целью сбыта, и выработки на этой основе наиболее оптимальных вариантов проведения с ними индивидуальной воспитательной работы. Представлена авторская разработка криминологической модели личности преступника, отбывающего наказание в виде лишения свободы за преступления, связанные с незаконным оборотом наркотиков с целью сбыта. The article analyzes the points of view of scientists regarding the concept of “the identity of the criminal”, presents the author’s definition of the identity of the criminal who commits crimes in the sphere of illicit drug trafficking with a view to marketing. Convicted prisoners who are serving a sentence of deprivation for crimes related to drug trafficking, according to the following parts, are subjected to criminological analysis. 2, 3 tbsp. 328 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus. According to the results of the empirical research, the peculiarities of the socio-demographic, medical, criminal law, and moral-psychological nature of the convicts of this category were revealed. It justifies the need for employees of correctional institutions to continuously monitor the personal qualities of those convicted of crimes related to drug trafficking with a view to selling, and to develop on this basis the most optimal options for carrying out individual educational work with them. The author presents the development of a criminological model of the identity of a criminal who is serving a sentence of imprisonment for crimes related to drug trafficking with a view to selling.

scholarly journals Sustainability of sunflower cultivation for biodiesel production in central Italy according to the Renewable Energy Directive methodology

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Duca ◽  
Giuseppe Toscano ◽  
Ester Foppa Pedretti ◽  
Giovanni Riva
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
European Level ◽  
Minimum Threshold ◽  
Irrigated Crops ◽  
Standard Value ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of

The use of renewable energies as alternative to fossil fuels has value from different points of view and has effects at environmental, social and economic level. These aspects are often connected to each other and together define the overall sustainability of bioenergy. At European level, the Directive 2009/28/EC gives the basic criteria for the estimation of sustainability of biofuels and indicates a minimum threshold of 35% of greenhouse gas saving for a biofuel in order to be considered sustainable. The Directive gives the possibility to identify standard regional values for the cultivation steps that could be utilized for the certification. This paper aims to give a contribution to the definition of these values considering the RED methodology applied to the sunflower cropped in central Italy which is characterized by a hilly landscape and not-irrigated crops. To determine input and output of sunflower cultivation in the central Italy, the results of PROBIO project, carried out by the Authors, were used. The sustainability of biodiesel produced from sunflower grown in central Italy is variable and depends on the nitrogen input and seasonal climatic conditions that affect the yields. The greenhouse gases savings of the Italian chain is 40% in average, greater than the required 35% and would be possible to assign this value as standard to the biofuel chain <em>biodiesel from sunflower cultivated in central Italy</em>. Using an averaged regional standard value guards against the possibility of considering unsustainable harvesting in unfavourable years and seeing it overestimated in the favourable ones.

scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN KONSEP KEPRIBADIAN MENURUT BARAT DAN ISLAM

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Agus Silahudin
Keyword(s):  
Body Shape ◽  
Human Personality ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Islamic Faith ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Islamic Literature

Personality is something that attracts the attention of many parties. Many theories that try to give some concepts and definitions related to the human personality with different points of view. Western psychologists try to provide a definition of personality that is psychological based on the word person, but until now the personality psychologists themselves still do not agree on what the definition of personality actually is. While in Islam, the concept of personality has been thoroughly discussed in various Islamic literature. The Apostle as an example for Muslims has applied the concept of personality and actions and behavior. Thus, the concept of personality according to Islam, that Islamic personality is defined as "a unified integration of the workings of aqliyah and nafsiyah based on Islamic faith which gives birth to actions". Human personality is not shaped and influenced by body shape, face and other accessories. Human personality is formed by aqliyah and nafsiyah.

scholarly journals On Understanding the Administrative Law Subject

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Olga N. Ordina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
Legal Science ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Common Concept ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of

In the administrative and legal science there is a refinement, change and expansion of the subject of the dynamic branch of administrative law, aimed at eliminating the resulting lag of legal theory from the legal reality. In our view, of the three basic categories that characterize the subject of administrative law, “public administration”, “executive power” and “administrativepublic activity”, the main generalization category is the category “administrative and public activities”. The phenomenon of the subject of administrative law refracts the problems and discussions inherent in the industry as a whole. In view of the existence of different points of view on the subject of administrative law, the legal science has not yet formulated a single definition of it. There is a tendency to overcome the conflict between different types of understanding, to bring together the positions of different concepts of understanding of administrative law in order to form a “universal” concept of it, to develop its common concept.

scholarly journals Adaptabilidade de Objetos de Aprendizagem usando Calibragem e Sequenciamento Adaptativo de Exercícios

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Rômulo César Silva ◽  
Alexandre Ibrahim Direne ◽  
Diego Marczal ◽  
Ana Carla Borille ◽  
Paulo Ricardo Bittencourt Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Learning Objects ◽  
Skill Level ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
Algebraic Expressions ◽  
Student Skill ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Two Parameters

The work approaches theoretical and implementation issues of a framework for creating and executing Learning Objects (LOs) where problem-solving tasks are ordered according to the matching of two parameters, both calculated automatically: (1) student skill level and (2) problem solution difficulty. They are formally defined as algebraic expressions. The definition of skill level is achieved through a rating-based measure that resembles the ones of game mastery scales, while the solution difficulty is based on mistakes and successes of learners to deal with the problem. An empirical study based on existing students data demonstrated the suitability of the formulas. Besides, the motivational aspects of learning are considered in depth. In this sense, it is important to propose activities according to the student’s level of expertise, which is achieved through presenting students with exercises that are compatible with the difficulty degree of their cognitive skills. Also, the results of an experiment conducted with four highschool classes using the framework for the domain of logarithmic properties are presented.

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