Industrial-Scale Applications of Fixed Biomass on the Mediterranean Seaboard. Design, Operating Results

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 281-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Gilles
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Industrial Scale ◽  
Industrial Technology ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Pollutant Loads ◽  
Treatment Stage ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
One Year

The technology that consists of treating sewage on submerged granular filters is now far beyond the stages of research and testing on pilot units. Fifteen or so full-scale facilities are in operation in France using, as a biological treatment stage, the fixed biomass technology as realised by the Biocarbone process, particularly for the treatment of sewage from built-up areas along the seaboard. These are cases where the advantages of this technique can be put to decisive use. The Mediterranean seaboard is an ideal site for this technology. Cases in point are the waterworks of Sanary Bandol (pop.60,000) and Perpignan (pop.160,000), that have been in operation for two years and one year respectively. Waterworks in Monaco (pop.100,000) and Antibes (pop.170,000) will be commissioned in 1989 using the same technology. Results obtained during intensive controls show that the fixed biomass, designed with a suitable industrial technology, is capable of producing in routine conditions, on full industrial-scale plant, a very good quality effluent. (COD : 70 mg/l, TSS : 20 mg/l) for pollutant loads in the order of 8 kg COD/m3 day. It enables the fluctuations in the daily flow-rate and pollution load of the influent to be absorbed. The units currently being built are examples of what can be done in compact roofed facilities incorporating a fixed biomass treatment stage, with the objective of reaching a no-nuisance level.

Full Scale Study of Biological Phosphorus Removal Processes

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 297-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Murakami ◽  
Atsushi Miyairi ◽  
Kazuhiro Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Mode 2 ◽  
Removal Processes ◽  
Biological Phosphorus ◽  
Total P

In Japan various biological phosphorus removal processes have recently been researched by laboratory or pilot plant scale studies and most of them have shown good results. Based on these results, the Japan Sewage Works Agency has conducted a full scale study of the biological phosphorus removal process from June 1982 until February 1983, which was the first full scale operation of this process in Japan. The main purpose of the study was to evaluate phosphorus removal efficiency and also nitrogen removal efficiency of the process and in addition, to ascertain the important operating factors of the process. For the study a treatment train of a large scale sewage treatment plant was remodelled. The aeration tank of 3.825 m3 volume was divided into four equal cells. The whole train including return sludge line was operated entirely independently of the other trains. During the experiment the train was operated under two different modes, Mode 1 and Mode 2. In Mode 1, the train was operated as an A/O process, the first cell of the aeration tank being anaerobic and the other cells oxic. In Mode 2, the train was operated as a Modified Phoredox process. In this case, the first cell was anaerobic, but the second cell was anoxic and nitrified liquor was returned to it from the end of the oxic cells. Mode 1 and Mode 2 were further divided into many ‘runs' and the flow rate varied between 12,550 m3 d−1 and 25,270 m3 d−1 , corresponding to retention times of 7.3 hours and 3.6 hours, respectively. Throughout the experimental period the mean value of influent (primary effluent) total-P concentration was 3.38 mg 1−1 , and that of the final effluent was 0.47 mg 1−1 . A cumulated frequency curve of the data showed that about 93% of measured effluent total-P was below 1.0 mg l−1 . Therefore, it can be concluded that with these influent total-P levels, biological phosphorus removal processes can sufficiently satisfy the effluent standard of 1 mg 1−1 total-P. Even when the process was operated as a Modified Phoredox Process, no obstruction to phosphorus removal because of nitrification was observed and phosphorus removal remained good. However, since the sewage treatment plant treated influent from a combined sewerage system, phosphorus removal was sometimes affected by heavy rainfalls. In such cases phosphorus release in the anaerobic cell was insufficient because of increased influent NOx concentration and accordingly increased denitrification level in the anaerobic cell. Therefore, as a result, enhanced phosphorus uptake in the following cells could not be observed. Higher process stability can be expected if an effective countermeasure to high influent NOx concentration can be made. Influence of flow rate fluctuation on the process was also studied. The treatment train was operated for a week under a daily flow rate fluctuation pattern which ranged between 460 m3 hr−1 and 820 m3 hr−1 . Nevertheless, the effluent total-P concentration showed no increase and stayed constantly lower than 0.5 mg 1−1. The oxidation reduction potential (ORP) was an effective control index to evaluate the degree of phosphorus release in the anaerobic cell. Water temperature did not affect phosphorus release and uptake rates.

scholarly journals Anaerobic Digestion and Removal of Sulfamethoxazole, Enrofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin and Their Antibiotic Resistance Genes in a Full-Scale Biogas Plant

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 502
Author(s):  
Andrea Visca ◽  
Anna Barra Caracciolo ◽  
Paola Grenni ◽  
Luisa Patrolecco ◽  
Jasmin Rauseo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Anaerobic Digesters ◽  
One Year

Anaerobic digestion is one of the best ways to re-use animal manure and agricultural residues, through the production of combustible biogas and digestate. However, the use of antibiotics for preventing and treating animal diseases and, consequently, their residual concentrations in manure, could introduce them into anaerobic digesters. If the digestate is applied as a soil fertilizer, antibiotic residues and/or their corresponding antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) could reach soil ecosystems. This work investigated three common soil emerging contaminants, i.e., sulfamethoxazole (SMX), ciprofloxacin (CIP), enrofloxacin (ENR), their ARGs sul1, sul2, qnrS, qepA, aac-(6′)-Ib-cr and the mobile genetic element intI1, for one year in a full scale anaerobic plant. Six samplings were performed in line with the 45-day hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the anaerobic plant, by collecting input and output samples. The overall results show both antibiotics and ARGs decreased during the anaerobic digestion process. In particular, SMX was degraded by up to 100%, ENR up to 84% and CIP up to 92%, depending on the sampling time. In a similar way, all ARGs declined significantly (up to 80%) in the digestate samples. This work shows how anaerobic digestion can be a promising practice for lowering antibiotic residues and ARGs in soil.

Questions of Lebanon

Worldview ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Avi Shlaim
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Political Program ◽  
Real Change ◽  
Religious Parties ◽  
Election Results ◽  
One Year ◽  
Land Of Israel

The second government formed by Menachem Begin, following the Likud party's narrow victory in the June, 1981, elections, represented a real change in Israeli foreign policy. Dominated by a group of hard-liners committed to the ideology of "Greater Israel" and powered by a drive for regional hegemony, this government led Israel along a nationalistic and militant course, culminating within one year in a full-scale invasion of Lebanon. The election results, which gave the Likud 48 seats in the new Knesset compared with the Labor party's 47, hardly provided an unequivocal mandate for the pursuit of Begin's far-reaching political program, a program that can be summed up in the two words Eretz Yisrael—the whole land of Israel. Nor could a coalition with the religious parties, which commanded a wafer-thin majority of 61 in the 120-member Knesset, be considered a natural vehicle for bringing about such a radical change in foreign policy.

scholarly journals Mineralogical response of the Mediterranean crustose coralline alga <i>Lithophyllum cabiochae</i> to near-future ocean acidification and warming

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merinda C. Nash ◽  
Sophie Martin ◽  
Jean-Pierre Gattuso
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Crustose Coralline Alga ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Coralline Alga ◽  
Magnesium Calcite ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Strong Control ◽  
Near Future

Abstract. Red calcareous coralline algae are thought to be among organisms the most vulnerable to ocean acidification due to the high solubility of their magnesium calcite skeleton. Although, skeletal mineralogy is proposed to change as CO2 and temperature continues rising, there is currently very little information available on the response of coralline algal carbonate mineralogy to near-future changes in pCO2 and temperature. Here we present results from a one-year controlled laboratory experiment to test mineralogical responses to pCO2 and temperature in the Mediterranean crustose coralline alga (CCA) Lithophyllum cabiochae. Our results show that Mg incorporation is mainly constrained by temperature (+1 mol% MgCO3 for an increase of 3 °C) and there was no response to pCO2. This suggests that L. cabiochae thalli have the ability to buffer calcifying medium against ocean acidification, enabling them to continue to deposit Mg-calcite with a significant mol% MgCO3 under elevated pCO2. Analyses of CCA dissolution chips showed a decrease in Mg content after 1 year for all treatments but this was not affected by pCO2 nor by temperature. Our findings suggest that biological processes exert a strong control on calcification on Mg-calcite and that CCA may be more resilient under rising CO2 than previously thought. However, previously demonstrated increased skeletal dissolution with ocean acidification will still have major consequences for the stability and maintenance of Mediterranean coralligenous habitats.

United Nations Security Council Resolutions 2240, 2312 & 2380

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-179
Author(s):  
Andreas Schloenhardt
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
United Nations Security Council ◽  
Member States ◽  
Irregular Migrants ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
One Year

In response to the large number of irregular migrants crossing the Mediterranean Sea from Libya to southern Italy, frequently using overcrowded, unseaworthy vessels, and often facilitated by migrant smugglers, on October 9, 2015, the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) adopted Resolution 2240. This resolution authorizes member states to intercept, inspect, and seize vessels suspected of being used to smuggle migrants or to traffic persons. Initially limited to one year, these measures were renewed through two further UNSC resolutions on October 6, 2016, and October 5, 2017.

Implementation of EU discharge guidelines at IVAR's Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant of North Jaeren, Stavanger, Norway

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Tornes
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
The Eu

Norway is a leading country on wastewater treatment comprising chemical precipitation processes. This is because Norwegian effluent standards to the North Sea have traditionally focused on phosphorus removal. In most cases, chemical treatment therefore has been considered to give lower investment and operating costs than biological treatment. Norwegian wastewater policy and management is based on the EU guidelines resulting from the EEA (European Economic Area) Agreement. According to the 1991 Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive, this will in most cases require secondary treatment. However, primary treatment can be accepted for plants larger than 10,000 PT with effluents to less sensitive coastal areas, if no negative environmental impacts can be proved. The main objective of the Regional Water, Sewerage and Waste Company (IVAR) is to comply with the prevailing effluent limits at lowest possible cost. During the past four years, IVAR has therefore undertaken comprehensive optimising of the precipitation process including full-scale experiments with different coagulant dosing control systems and different types of coagulants. IVAR also accomplished a feasibility study of introducing biological treatment as an alternative to chemical treatment. Under the prevailing frame conditions of discharge requirements and sludge deposit costs, it is not economically feasible to change to organic coagulants or biological treatment. This conclusion might have to be altered later resulting from the implementation of new EU regulations and increasing sludge deposit costs. This paper presents results from full-scale experiments, extracts from the feasibility study and a comparison of costs. Furthermore, the practical consequences of implementing the EU-guidelines are discussed.

Nitrification in partially aerated flocculation filters - a full-scale approach

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-142
Author(s):  
G. Kolisch
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Decay Products ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Aerated Filter ◽  
Anoxic Zones ◽  
Treatment Step

In a full-scale approach, we investigated whether nitrification can be carried out in partially aerated flocculation filters without compromising the removal of suspended solids. The objective is an aerated filter in addition to an advanced nitrification in the main biological treatment step to reduce low NH4-N concentrations in the effluent to very low concentrations. In two separate sets of experiments with an aerated filtering layer of 0.7 m and 1.4 m, nitrification rates up to 14 g N/(m3/h) were achieved. Compared to unaerated chambers, there was approximately the same removal of particulate COD and of precipitated phosphorus compounds. Due to the formation of anoxic zones, nonspecific denitrification occurred in the chambers under both conditions. Decay products are suspected to be the endogenous H-donors.

Pretreatment of Textile Processing Wastewaters

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Tünay ◽  
O. Tameroǧlu ◽  
N. Baykal ◽  
F. Afşarünal ◽  
E. Ödemiş
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Textile Processing ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Chemical Coagulation ◽  
Actual Treatment ◽  
Investment Cost ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
One Year

In this paper, the pretreatment approaches in the textile processing industry are discussed and two case studies which have been carried out in two textile processing plants are delineated. Case studies include the phases of process and pollution profiles, treatability study, conceptual design and evaluation of one-year actual treatment plant performances. One of the treatment schemes applied was chemical coagulation while the other was activated sludge. Therefore a comparison of two main types of pretreatment has been realised. Results indicate that biological treatment is more efficient and reliable in terms of organic matter removal as compared to chemical coagulation. Comparisons of cost of initial investment, cost and ease of operation, and sludge production are also made and discussed.

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