A NEW STREETS CAPE FOR STORMWATERMANAGEMENT IN MEDITERRANEAN -CLIMATE CITIES: THE CONCEPT EXPLORED

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Argue
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Full Range ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Effluent Water ◽  
Surface Appearance ◽  
Creative Solutions ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

The water resources crisis facing countries of the Mediterranean Basin is reflected, in diminished form, in the semi-arid, “Mediterranean-climate” zone of Australia. Some creative solutions involving the collection, treatment, storage, retrieval and use of storm runoff to replace the component of mainssupplied water presently used for “second quality” purposes, are emerging in Adelaide, capital city of South Australia. The paper describes one initiative being taken to achieve source control of stormwater – quantity and quality – in mixed-density residential streets. The resulting streetscape is suitable for use in both “greenfields” and re-development projects. The paper explores the hydrological/hydraulic performance of the system and shows that it satisfies all theoretical- requirements for safety in the full range of flooding up to and including the “once in 100-years” event. The new streetscape holds the following advantages over conventional streetscapes : reduced peak outflows, greatly improved effluent water quality, aids “greening” of the landscape, potential for aquifer recharge where appropriate, aquiferretrieved groundwater can replace mains water used for irrigation, “nuisance” flows are fully contained (no surface appearance), major flows only occupy the swale, street residences are less flood prone and the streetscape fits more harmoniously into undulating terrain.

scholarly journals The End of a Hundred-Year-Old Archaeological Riddle: First Dating of the Columns Tomb of Kumbi Saleh (Mauritania)

Radiocarbon ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloé Capel ◽  
Antoine Zazzo ◽  
Jean-François Saliège ◽  
Jean Polet
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
African State ◽  
West African ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
Gold Mines ◽  
Ams Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
West African State ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

One century after its discovery, the Columns Tomb of Kumbi Saleh (Mauritania) remains an archaeological riddle. Since 1914, six field programs have been successively carried out at the medieval urban site of Kumbi Saleh, which now is commonly identified as Ghana. The latter was the famous capital city of the medieval West African state, which controlled the gold mines of West Africa and was involved in the gold trade with North Africa and the Mediterranean Basin. However, interpretation of the tomb, the largest structure from the necropolis, is still an issue as its dating itself has never been firmly established. As a consequence, scholars have usually referred to an unsatisfactory timeframe spanning 1000 years. The study of this monument was recently resumed, motivated by the rediscovery of bones collected in the tomb in 1914 and stored at the Musée de 1'Homme (Paris, France). AMS radiocarbon dating of the bone and tooth apatite fraction of three skulls demonstrates that the three individuals occupying the main vault of the tomb died between the end of the 11th century and the 12th century, precisely at the time of expansion of the Muslim Almoravid movement south of Sahara.

Clinical applications of renal telemedicine

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
J G Mitchell ◽  
A P S Disney
Keyword(s):  
Allied Health ◽  
Full Range ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Queen Elizabeth Hospital ◽  
Health Staff ◽  
Renal Unit ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Clinical Procedures ◽  
Wide Range

In 1994, a telemedicine network was established linking the renal unit at The Queen Elizabeth Hospital to three satellite dialysis centres in South Australia. In the first two and a half years of operation, the telemedicine equipment was used on over 6000 occasions. Interviews were conducted with 18 medical, nursing and allied health staff and dialysis patients. The main finding was that the full range of staff, from surgeons and nephrologists to allied health staff and nurses, were able use the technology successfully for clinical purposes. A second finding was that the technology enabled staff to perform a wide range of clinical procedures, from routine outpatient consultations and monitoring infections to making decisions about retrieval or confirming decisions to operate. A third finding was that telemedicine enabled the renal unit to provide improved services in which teams of staff at the different sites cooperated in ways that were not possible before the telemedicine links became available.

scholarly journals Characterizing Precipitation Variability and Trends in the World’s Mediterranean-Climate Areas

Water ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Deitch ◽  
Michele Sapundjieff ◽  
Shane Feirer
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Summer Precipitation ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Climate Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

The Mediterranean climate is principally characterized by warm, dry summers and cool, wet winters. However, there are large variations in precipitation dynamics in regions with this climate type. We examined the variability of precipitation within and among Mediterranean-climate areas, and classified the Mediterranean climate as wet, moderate, or dry based on annual precipitation; and strongly, moderately, or weakly seasonal based on percentage of precipitation during summer. Mediterranean biomes are mostly dry (<700 mm annually) but some areas are wet (>1300 mm annually); and many areas are weakly seasonal (>12% of annual precipitation during summer). We also used NOAA NCDC climate records to characterize interannual variability of annual and dry-season precipitation, as well as trends in annual, winter, and dry-season precipitation for 337 sites that met the data quality criteria from 1975 to 2015. Most significantly, sites in many Mediterranean-climate regions show downward trends in annual precipitation (southern California, Spain, Australia, Chile, and Northern Italy); and most of North America, the Mediterranean basin, and Chile showed downward trends in summer precipitation. Variations in annual and summer precipitation likely contribute to the high biodiversity and endemism characteristic of Mediterranean-climate biomes; the data indicate trends toward harsher conditions over the past 40 years.

scholarly journals Investigating psychological factors of behavioural intention of urban residents in South Australia to use treated stormwater for non-potable purposes

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhifang Wu ◽  
Elizabeth Hemphill ◽  
Jennifer McKay ◽  
Ganesh Keremane
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Local Water

This paper reports on the intentions of urban residents in two South Australian Local Government Areas (LGAs) (council areas) to use stormwater treated through a managed aquifer recharge process for various potential non-potable uses. Data were collected through an online survey of the residents in these LGAs. The key finding is that, in common with recycled sewage water, the intention to use treated stormwater was lower for uses having closer contact with people. A hypothesized model consisting of possible factors influencing the intention to use treated stormwater was developed based on the contemporary literature relating to usage of treated sewage water. Greater trust in the local water authority was shown to be associated directly and closely with a lower perceived health risk. A positive attitude by respondents to the use of treated stormwater (as an aspect of a sustainable future) was found to be more likely to result in an intention to use the treated stormwater for non-potable purposes. Respondents' perceived health risk, emotions and environmental concerns all had significant associations with their attitudes to using stormwater but were not associated with their intention to use it.

Preliminary Investigation of Genetic Variation within and between Cultivated and Natural Populations of Banksia coccinea and Banksia menziesii

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 547 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Rieger ◽  
M. Sedgley
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Analysis Of Molecular Variance ◽  
Molecular Variance ◽  
Cultivated Populations

The randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique followed by analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) was used to determine the level of variation within and between commercial plantations of Banksia coccinea R.Br. and B. menziesii R.Br. in South Australia and natural populations in Western Australia. For B. coccinea, the majority of variation was within populations (66.1%), while between all populations accounted for 20.8%. The variation between cultivated and natural populations was 13.2%. There was close clustering between the cultivated populations, which appeared to be most closely related to the inland natural populations. In contrast, the variation between cultivated and natural populations for B. menziesii was 0.4% with the majority of the variation within populations (93.2%) and 6.4% between all populations. The cultivated and natural populations formed a single cohesive cluster. These data indicate that the full range of natural genetic diversity of B. menziesii appears to occur in the cultivated plantations, but this was not the case for B. coccinea.

Restructuring of the Australian chicken industry: identification of risk factors for the closure of farms

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 711 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. East ◽  
S. A. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Address Data

We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 760 Australian layer chicken farms to identify risk factors associated with the closure of poultry farms. Address data and operating status were obtained for 734 farms and more detailed responses on farm size, structure and management practices from 317 farms (41.7%). The overall prevalence of closed farms was 36.4%. Increased risk of closure was associated with independent ownership [odds ratio (OR) = 2.22, P < 0.01], location within 50 km of the centre of a state capital city (OR = 1.66, P < 0.01), being a layer farm that reared its own pullets (OR = 2.18, P < 0.01) and location within Queensland or South Australia (OR = 3.10, 3.56; both P < 0.01). Analysis of the subset of farms for which more detailed information was available identified location in South Australia (OR = 9.23, P < 0.01), use of cages (OR = 4.36, P < 0.01) and sheds with only natural ventilation (OR = 11.00, P < 0.02) as risk factors associated with a greater risk of farm closure. Our survey found that closed farms were typically independently owned, cage-layer farms located in peri-urban regions near major cities and utilising sheds without assisted ventilation.

Pollen vectors and pollination of faba beans in southern Australia

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
FL Stoddard
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Flower Visitors ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Faba Beans ◽  
Pollen Vectors ◽  
Western Victoria

Commercial crops of faba beans (Vicia faba L.) in South Australia and western Victoria were surveyed for flower visitors and incidence of pollination. Honeybees were the only pollen vectors. The incidence of pollination was never less than 50% and averaged 80%. The effectiveness of honeybees as pollen vectors contrasts with their ineffectiveness in colder climates, partly because in the Mediterranean climate beans flower in late winter and early spring when bees are in search of pollen. It is unlikely that growers of faba beans in Australia will need to provide supplementary hives to ensure adequate pollination.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Stormwater Management Systems and Its Impact on Development Costing

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farjana Akhter ◽  
Guna A. Hewa ◽  
Faisal Ahammed ◽  
Baden Myers ◽  
John R. Argue
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid System ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Exceedance Probability ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Detention Basin ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Case Study Site ◽  
Installation Cost

The contribution of this paper is a comparison of the installation cost of a conventional drainage system consisting of a network of pits and pipes, with that of a hybrid drainage system comprising a network of pits and pipes, supported by allotment scale infiltration measures in a modern greenfield residential development. The case study site is located in Pipers Crest, near Strathalbyn, South Australia. This as-built site consists of 56 allotments, 42 pits (hence 42 sub-catchments), one detention basin and over 1000 m of drainage pipes. In this study, conventional and hybrid (combination of conventional and Water Sensitive Urban Design, WSUD systems) drainage systems were designed to convey minor storm events of 10% annual exceedance probability (AEP), and checked for major storm events of 5% AEP, using the DRAINS model and/or source control principles. The installation costs of the conventional and hybrid drainage systems were estimated and compared based upon cost estimates derived from Australian literature. The results of the study indicate that satisfactory drainage was possible using the conventional or hybrid system when the two systems were designed to have outflow not exceeding the pre-developed flow. The hybrid drainage system requires smaller pipe sizes compared to the conventional system. Also, the size of the detention basin and maximum outflow rate of the hybrid system were smaller than those for the conventionally drained site. The installation cost of the hybrid drainage system was 18% less than that of the conventional drainage system when the objective was to accommodate 10% and 5% AEP storms.

scholarly journals Lower temperature thresholds for oviposition and egg hatching of the Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in a Mediterranean climate

2011 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ó. Dembilio ◽  
G.V. Tapia ◽  
M.M. Téllez ◽  
J.A. Jacas
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Rhynchophorus Ferrugineus ◽  
Red Palm Weevil ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Palm Weevil ◽  
Temperature Thresholds ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

AbstractThe red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is an economically important pest of palms worldwide. To better understand the phenology of R. ferrugineus populations in the Mediterranean basin, the objective of the present work has been to estimate the effect of temperatures within the range 10–25°C on the reproductive parameters of R. ferrugineus and to determine its lower temperature thresholds for oviposition and egg hatching. Our results confirm that oviposition in R. ferrugineus is strongly affected by temperature. Lower thresholds for oviposition and egg hatching (15.45° and 13.95°C, respectively) are below the mean monthly temperatures registered in winter in most of the northern shore of the Mediterranean basin. Under these circumstances, new palm infestations would be difficult during most of the winter. These results should be taken into account when planning some palm management practices, such as pruning or pesticide treatments, in areas under a Mediterranean climate.

scholarly journals A risk assessment methodology to evaluate the risk failure of managed aquifer recharge in the Mediterranean Basin

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3213-3227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Rodríguez-Escales ◽  
Arnau Canelles ◽  
Xavier Sanchez-Vila ◽  
Albert Folch ◽  
Daniel Kurtzman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Managed Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Total Risk ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Expert Criteria

Abstract. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) can be affected by many risks. Those risks are related to different technical and non-technical aspects of recharge, like water availability, water quality, legislation, social issues, etc. Many other works have acknowledged risks of this nature theoretically; however, their quantification and definition has not been developed. In this study, the risk definition and quantification has been performed by means of “fault trees” and probabilistic risk assessment (PRA). We defined a fault tree with 65 basic events applicable to the operation phase. After that, we have applied this methodology to six different managed aquifer recharge sites located in the Mediterranean Basin (Portugal, Spain, Italy, Malta, and Israel). The probabilities of the basic events were defined by expert criteria, based on the knowledge of the different managers of the facilities. From that, we conclude that in all sites, the perception of the expert criteria of the non-technical aspects were as much or even more important than the technical aspects. Regarding the risk results, we observe that the total risk in three of the six sites was equal to or above 0.90. That would mean that the MAR facilities have a risk of failure equal to or higher than 90 % in the period of 2–6 years. The other three sites presented lower risks (75, 29, and 18 % for Malta, Menashe, and Serchio, respectively).

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