Experience on anaerobic treatment of distillery effluent with the UASB process

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. B. M. Driessen ◽  
M. H. Tielbaard ◽  
T. L. F. M. Vereijken
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Distillery Effluent ◽  
Anaerobic Process ◽  
Sugar Cane Juice ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Right

Since the development of the UASB process in the 1970s this process has been widely applied for the treatment of industrial effluents. Effluents from alcohol producing industries are mostly highly polluted and therefore in principle very suitable for anaerobic treatment. Distilleries use different kinds of raw materials such as sugar cane juice, sugar cane molasses, sugar beet molasses, wine or corn for the production of alcohol. The use of different materials and the different processes applied, result in a wide variety of effluents produced. The process conditions under which good results of the anaerobic process are obtained depend heavily on the type of distillery effluent being treated. The choice of the right set of process parameters for every type of distillery effluent has shown to be of crucial importance for the anaerobic process. Experience of anaerobic treatment on effluents from different alcohol-producing industries over a long term period are discussed. Special attention is given to the treatment of effluents from sugar cane based distilleries with very high COD concentration of 60 000 to 160 000 mg COD 1−1. Despite expected toxicity problems arising from the high concentrations of COD, sulfide and salts, anaerobic treatment with the UASB process proved to be successful in treating distillery effluent.

Steam Ejector Used as a Substitute for Cooling Tower in the Ethanol Production Process

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Antonio Negro Martin Lopez ◽  
Daniel Kao Sun Ting ◽  
Alfredo Jose´ Alvim de Castro
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Cooling Towers ◽  
Steam Ejector ◽  
Sugar Cane Juice

Nowadays petroleum dependency in transportation is widely discussed all over the world. Atmospheric pollution and global warming are deleterious consequences of gasoline consumption. Ethanol is a natural substitute fuel that has been increasingly used. One of the most important raw materials used for ethanol production is the sugar cane. The exothermic fermentation reaction of the sugar cane juice in the ethanol production process requires a rigorous temperature control. This control is usually made by using cooling water from cooling towers. The heat released from cooling towers not only has an economical cost as well as it contributes to the global heating. Steam ejectors can substitute cooling towers thus improving the ethanol production plant efficiency and reducing world heating. Furthermore, steam ejectors are smaller, cheaper and are very simple equipment when compared with cooling towers. Furthermore, its use provides an improved thermal efficiency of the production plant resulting in the reduction of the global warming effects. In this work the use of steam ejector is proposed for the fermentation cooling of a typical Brazilian sugar and ethanol production plant. The steam which feeds the steam ejector is obtained from the plant utilities and the low temperature obtained from steam expansion within the ejector is used for sugar cane fermentation process cooling. The steam ejector discharge heat is recovered as it is used to sugar and ethanol production process heating. The sugar and ethanol production plant overall energy fluxes either using cooling towers as well as using steam ejectors are presented and the results are compared and discussed.

scholarly journals PRODUCCIÓN DE BIOETANOL A NIVEL BANCO USANDO INSUMOS NACIONALES: CAÑA DE AZÚCAR Y LEVADURA DE UVA QUEBRANTA

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Mario Ricardo De La Cruz Azabache ◽  
Emerson Alcides Collado Domínguez ◽  
César Lagos Liberato ◽  
Jacques Ramesh Barrueto Yanque
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Azeotropic Point ◽  
Cane Juice ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Alcohol Fuel ◽  
Sugar Cane Juice ◽  
Main Input

El alcohol carburante, bioetanol anhidro desnaturalizado o simplemente bioetanol se puede obtener de diversas materias primas renovables, tales como sustratos portadores de azúcares simples, amiláceos y lignocelulósicos, siendo necesario para ello el empleo de microorganismos específicos (biomasa) que sinteticen la materia orgánica contenida en las mismas. Este trabajo se enfoca en la obtención de bioetanol hidratado (etanol al 94,8 % en volumen, antes del punto azeotrópico) a partir de caña de azúcar usando levadura de uva quebranta, subproducto del proceso Pisco-UNI. Dicho bioetanol hidratado obtenido podrá luego ser empleado como insumo principal para la producción de bioetanol (deshidratación), biodiésel (transesterificación), entre otros. Los resultados demostraron satisfactoriamente el objetivo buscado, así como se lograron mejoras en la eficiencia del proceso por medio de un tratamiento previo, tanto del jugo de caña de azúcar como de la levadura empleada, permitiendo tener de esta manera una base científica para el diseño de un proceso no convencional en la producción de bioetanol hidratado. Palabras clave.- Bioetanol, Caña de azúcar, Levadura de uva quebranta. ABSTRACTThe alcohol fuel, denatured anhydrous bioethanol or just bioethanol can be obtained from different renewable raw materials, such as substrates bearing simple sugars, starch and lignocellulose, requiring the use of specific microorganisms (biomass) that synthesize the organic matter contained therein. This work focuses on obtaining hydrated bioethanol (ethanol at 94,8 % by volume, just before azeotropic point) from sugar cane by using quebranta grape’s yeast, byproduct of Pisco-UNI process. The hydrated bioethanol obtained could then be used as a main input for the production of bioethanol (dehydration), biodiesel (transesterification), among others. The results demonstrated the desired objective satisfactorily, as well as achieved obtaining improvements in the process efficiency through pretreatment, both the sugar cane juice and the yeast used, allowing to have by this way a scientific basis for the design of an unconventional process to produce hydrated bioethanol. Keywords.- Bioethanol, Sugar cane, Quebranta grape’s yeast.

Anaerobic treatment of textile size effluent

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-182
Author(s):  
J. Sacks ◽  
C. A. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Digesters ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Sewage Purification ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Inhibitory Components ◽  
Under Performing

This investigation focused on the KwaZulu-Natal province, where a number of under-utilised and under-performing anaerobic digesters were identified. The aim of the study was to assess the potential for treatment of high-strength or toxic organic agro-industrial effluents in the available capacity. The anaerobic digestion of a textile size effluent was investigated. Inhibitory components and concentrations of the solution were identified. The size solution was degraded anaerobically but could cause overloading of a digester at high concentrations. The performance efficiency of the anaerobic digesters at the Umbilo Sewage Purification Works was evaluated. The digesters were operating efficiently and had available hydraulic and organic capacities. This investigation confirmed the potential for the treatment of high-strength organic effluents in the available anaerobic digester capacity.

scholarly journals Efecto de tres concentraciones de guarapo de caña de azúcar (Saccharum) sobre las características físico-químicas en la elaboración de vino de piña (Ananas comosus)

2018 ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Luis Cornejo Solórzano ◽  
Manuel Flores Vera ◽  
María Zambrano Vélez ◽  
Wagner Antonio Gorozabel Muñoz ◽  
Jordán García Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Cane Juice ◽  
Sugar Cane Juice ◽  
Alcohol Conversion

Effect of three concentrations of sugar cane guarapo (Saccharum) and its impact on the physicochemical characteristics in the production of pineapple wine (Ananas comosus) Resumen Dentro de los procesos agroindustriales el vino es considerado como una alternativa viable para la industrialización de frutas, ya que estas materias primas poseen las características necesarias para poder inducir la fermentación alcohólica, además el jugo de caña por ser una fuente importante de sacarosa la misma que puede ser considerada para incluirla dentro de la industria vinícola.  Por lo tanto, el objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar el efecto de tres concentraciones de guarapo de caña de azúcar (Saccharum) sobre las características físico-químicas en la elaboración de vino de piña (Ananas comosus), que se realizó en la Facultad de Ciencias Zootécnicas extensión Chone. Para la elaboración del vino de fruta se utilizó un DCA unifactorial con tres replicas, donde el factor en estudio fue reemplazar guarapo de caña al 15% (T1), 30% (T2), y 45% (T3), más un testigo T0 (100% mosto de piña). El proceso fermentativo fue evaluado en un periodo de 20 días, cuyas variables medidas fueron: pH, comportamiento de los S.S (actividad fermentativa), y conversión de alcohol. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que el T3 obtuvo un pH de 3,81 a diferencia del T0 con un pH menor de 3,25. De acuerdo al comportamiento de los sólidos solubles en el T0 se observó S.S finales de 8,1°Brix, mientras que el T3 presento 6°Brix finales. La conversión del grado alcohólico en el T3 reflejó 10.7°GL siendo este el mayor promedio. Palabras clave: Fermentación; vinícola, guarapo de caña; vino. Abstract Within the agro industrial processes, wine is considered as a viable alternative for the industrialization of fruits, since these raw materials possess the necessary characteristics to be able to induce alcoholic fermentation, besides the cane juice for being an important source of sucrose the same as It can be considered to include it within the wine industry. Therefore, the objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of three concentrations of sugar cane juice (Saccharum) on the physico-chemical characteristics in the elaboration of pineapple wine (Ananas comosus), which was carried out in the Faculty of Zootechnical Sciences extension Chone. For fruit wine elaboration, a unifactorial DCA with three replicates was used, where the factor under study was replacing cane sugar cane at 15% (T1), 30% (T2), and 45% (T3), plus a T0 control (100% pineapple must). The fermentative process was evaluated in a period of 20 days, whose measured variables were: pH, behavior of S.S (fermentative activity), and alcohol conversion. The results obtained indicated that T3 obtained a pH of 3.81 unlike T0 with a pH of less than 3.25. According to the behavior of the soluble solids in the T0, the final S.S of 8.1 ° Brix was observed, while the T3 presented the final 6 ° Brix. The conversion of the alcoholic strength in T3 reflected 10.7 ° GL, this being the highest average. Keywords: Fermentation; wine, cane juice; wine.

Cationic dye adsorption in sugar cane juice

1959 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 482-486
Author(s):  
M. C. Bennett ◽  
D. A. Haydon
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Cationic Dye ◽  
Cane Juice ◽  
Sugar Cane Juice

BRANDING KULINER DI KOTA WISATA BERASTAGI KABUPATEN KARO ( STUDI KASUS DI WARUNG WAJIK PECEREN DAN WARUNG SARI TEBU BERASTAGI )

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Zaitun Zaitun
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Actual Condition ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Cane Juice ◽  
Sugar Cane Juice ◽  
The Family ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
The City ◽  
Research Type ◽  
Made In

This research was conducted to find out how big the interest of tourists who come to visit wajik stalls and sugar cane juice sweet so that in know whether the two places are worthy made in culinary branding in the city of Berastagi tourism. The method used in this research is qualitative method with descriptive research type which explain the actual condition that happened in the field with data collection technique through observation, interview and documentation. Based on the results of the research can be in the know that in general the interest of visitors to enjoy the menu at the stall wajik peceren better in comparison the interest of visitors in sweet sugar cane stalls. The price offered in these two stalls is very relative and classified as not so expensive and visitors who come to stalls wajik peceren usually buy diamonds that are characteristic of the shop to be brought as by the family at home while the visitors who enjoy the menu at the sweet sugar cane where in general, visitors who come only enjoy the menu on offer, especially Berastagi sugar cane and not brought home as souvenir for the family.

Vacuum Operation for Overloaded Anaerobic Treatment Systems

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
J. De Santis ◽  
A. A. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Simple Modification ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Fixed Film ◽  
Solids Retention ◽  
High Concentrations

Overloaded anaerobic treatment systems are characterized by high concentrations of volatile fatty acids and molecular hydrogen and poor conversion of primary substrates to methane. Previous experiments with fixed–film reactors indicated that operation with reduced headspace pressures enhanced anaerobic treatment. For these studies, four suspended culture, anaerobic reactors were operated with headspace pressures maintained between 0.5 and 1.0 atm and a solids retention time of 15 days. For lightly loaded systems (0.4 g SCOD/g VSS-day) vacuum operation provided minor treatment improvements. For shock organic loads, vacuum operation proved to be more stable and to support quicker recovery from upset conditions. Based on these studies and a companion set of bioassay tests, it was concluded that: (a) a loading rate of about 1.0 g SCOD/g VSS-day represents a practical loading limit for successful anaerobic treatment, (b) a headspace pressure of approximately 0.75 atm appears to be an optimum operating pressure for anaerobic systems and (c) simple modification to existing systems may provide relief for organically overloaded systems.

scholarly journals Fe3O4@C Nanoparticles Synthesized by In Situ Solid-Phase Method for Removal of Methylene Blue

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 330
Author(s):  
Hengli Xiang ◽  
Genkuan Ren ◽  
Yanjun Zhong ◽  
Dehua Xu ◽  
Zhiye Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phase Method ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Solid Phase Reaction ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
High Concentrations

Fe3O4@C nanoparticles were prepared by an in situ, solid-phase reaction, without any precursor, using FeSO4, FeS2, and PVP K30 as raw materials. The nanoparticles were utilized to decolorize high concentrations methylene blue (MB). The results indicated that the maximum adsorption capacity of the Fe3O4@C nanoparticles was 18.52 mg/g, and that the adsorption process was exothermic. Additionally, by employing H2O2 as the initiator of a Fenton-like reaction, the removal efficiency of 100 mg/L MB reached ~99% with Fe3O4@C nanoparticles, while that of MB was only ~34% using pure Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The mechanism of H2O2 activated on the Fe3O4@C nanoparticles and the possible degradation pathways of MB are discussed. The Fe3O4@C nanoparticles retained high catalytic activity after five usage cycles. This work describes a facile method for producing Fe3O4@C nanoparticles with excellent catalytic reactivity, and therefore, represents a promising approach for the industrial production of Fe3O4@C nanoparticles for the treatment of high concentrations of dyes in wastewater.

Anaerobic treatment of municipal wastewater using the UASB-technology

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Urban ◽  
D. Weichgrebe ◽  
K.-H. Rosenwinkel
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Relevant Effect ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Uasb Reactors ◽  
Positive Effect

The anaerobic treatment of municipal wastewater enables new applications for the reuse of wastewater. The effluent could be used for irrigation as the included nutrients are not affected by the treatment. Much more interesting now are renewable energies and the retrenchment of CO2 emission. With the anaerobic treatment of municipal wastewater, not only can the CO2 emission be reduced but “clean” energy supply can be gained by biogas. Most important for the sustainability of this process is the gathering of methane from the liquid effluent of the reactor, because the negative climate-relevant effect from the degassing methane is much higher than the positive effect from saving CO2 emission. In this study, UASB reactors were used with a flocculent sludge blanket for the biodegradation of the carbon fraction in the wastewater with different temperatures and concentrations. It could be shown that the positive effect is much higher for municipal wastewater with high concentrations in hot climates.

Synthesis of Polyurethane Dendrimers and Transfer Properties of Dye

2013 ◽  
Vol 457-458 ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Jing Ru Jia
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Toluene Diisocyanate ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Addition Polymerization ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Transfer Properties

The polyfunctional organic compounds 2- hydroxymethyl -1,4- butanediol (trihydric alcohol) and toluene diisocyanate -2, 4- diisocyanate (TDI) were taken as the raw materials in this study. A polyurethane dendrimer was synthesized by utilizing the difference in the reaction activity of two isocyanate groups of TDI at different temperatures. The polymerization process conditions were studied. The addition polymerization of para-position NCO groups occurred at 50 °C, and that of ortho NCO groups occurred at 90 °C. According to the structure of the dendrimer synthesized, methyl orange was used as the guest molecule. Consequently, the aqueous methyl orange showed a phase transfer. With the increase of dendrimer concentration, the transfer rate of methyl orange increased.

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