Reuse of wastewater treated by infiltration percolation

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 401-408
Author(s):  
Naïla Ouazzani ◽  
Khadija Bousselhaj ◽  
Younes Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Fertilizer Value ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Raw Wastewater

The aim of this work was to determine the depuration efficiencies of an infiltration percolation plant to remove organic matter and nutrients (N and P) and to test the effect of treatment by such system on the fertilizer value of wastewater compared to untreated influent and a control (groundwater). Results of investigations carried out over a month of each season showed the high capacity of this depuration system to remove both particulate and dissolved organic matter (TSS 91%, COD 93% and dCOD 89 to 95%) at all season. Nitrogen and phosphorus were more eliminated at winter and summer. At spring they presented a low percent removal efficiency due probably to overloaded influent. Tests consisting in the reuse a raw wastewater (RW), settled wastewater (SW) or completely treated wastewater (FW) for irrigation of (Lolium perenne) plots showed that biomass yield, nutrients (N,P) exported by plants and protein amount in the plants tissue decreased from plots irrigated by (RW) to completely treated wastewater. But all of them were more important than in the control plants (irrigated by groundwater) and exceeded the mean values reported in literature for meadows plants. The amount of nitrogen and P2O5) applied during the irrigation by wastewater, was equivalent or superior to recommanded dose of fertilizer for meadows. The expected meat or milk production showed a promising potentiality to promove the nutritional quality of farm animals food by using treated wastewater.

Constructed wetlands for the treatment of raw wastewater: the French experience

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Troesch ◽  
F. Salma ◽  
D. Esser
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands ◽  
French Experience ◽  
Raw Wastewater

Vertical flow constructed wetlands for small communities (<5,000 population equivalent) have been successfully developed in France since the 1990s (currently about 3'000 plants are in operation). This paper summarizes the results and efficiencies of 70 plants designed and built by Epur Nature or SINT. The results show clearly that the design performs well for organic matter removal and nitrification and makes sludge management easy. Therefore if well designed, such systems can achieve an outlet quality of BOD5 < 20 mg/L, chemical oxygen demand <90 mg/L, suspended solids <30 mg/L and TKN < 15 mg/L. In addition, some new configurations involving a French vertical first stage fed with raw sewage, patented by Epur Nature, are presented as an aid to reduce the global footprint.

scholarly journals Quality of bio-solids produced in a Spanish Wastewater Treatment Plant (Córdoba-Spain) and its use in agronomy along 2000-2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Rafael Marín Galvín
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
The Other ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Urban Wastewater ◽  
Main Metal ◽  
Colony Forming Units

Bio-solids are the final fate of pollution present in urban wastewater, reaching the production of these ones in Spanish WWTPs 701,751 T/year (dates of 2018). Considering that 85% of Spanish bio-solids are used in agronomy, it is important to know characteristics of biosolids there produced, and in this way, we have investigated bio-solids generated in La Golondrina´s WWTP (Córdoba, Spain) along 2000-2019. This WWTP is a conventional facility operated by activated sludges (26.55x106 m3/year treated) which has produced 1.43 kg of bio-solids per m3 of treated wastewater (38.000 T/year). Our results indicated that bio-solids had a dryness over initial mass of 22.3%, and 74.9% of organic matter over dried matter (o.d.m.). At the same time, major components detected in bio-solids were N, P and Ca which levels were 5.0%, 3.5% and 3.7%, respectively. On the other hand, concentration of total metals in bio-solids ranged 13,024 mg/kg o.d.m., being the main metal Fe (11.749 mg/kg o.d.m.) followed by Zn, Cu and Mn, with levels as mg/kg o.d.m. of 463.1, 392.8 and 265.7, respectively. Evolution per year of all the investigated parameters are shown in the paper. Taking into account the use of bio-solids in agronomy, we have evaluated levels of metals limited by the Spanish normative to this respect: thus, the seven metals restricted (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Hg and Cr) exhibited concentration in bio-solids very lower than parametric values established. Moreover, we have estimated the ratios of accumulation of organics and metals from wastewater to bio-solids: thus, organic matter, N and P, were accumulated in bio-solids respectively, 342, 356 and 643 times, and total metals, 2,632 times. Finally, levels of Escherichia coli slightly varied from wastewater to bio-solids: 1.5x108 colony-forming units/L in the first one, and 0.9x108/g (o.d.m.) in the second ones.

scholarly journals The effect of feed residues on the quality of aquatic environment in circulating aquaculture systems of african catfish (Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822))

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-86
Author(s):  
Yu. Krot ◽  
◽  
D. Medovnyk ◽  
Yu. Krasiuk ◽  
D. Kudriavtseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Food Load ◽  
Extruded Feed

Purpose. To study the peculiarities of relationships between the aquatic environment and the extruded feed residues in the circulating aquaculture systems intended for growing Clarias gariepinus, and changes in the concentrations of inorganic nitrogen compounds and phosphorus phosphates. Methodology. The object of study is the quality of the aquatic environment when modeling the food load in accordance with feeding standards of different age groups of Cl. gariepinus. Water quality in experimental tanks was determined by analytical methods. Findings. It was found that the intake of extruded feed residues into the aquatic environment leads to a deterioration in its quality due to an increase in the concentration of compounds of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus of phosphates, which negatively affects the vital activity of Cl. gariepinus. Nitrification processes are activated under conditions of sufficient dissolved oxygen content in the environment. The overload of the aquatic environment with organic matter promotes the bacterial transformation processes of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, which are characterized by the predominance of the ammonification process and the suppression of oxidative processes. Upon completion of the mineralization of the excess organic matter, the appearance of a sufficient amount of dissolved oxygen activates ammonium oxidation and intensifies nitrification process. The leading factors in the ammonification and nitrification processes in an environment saturated with organic matter include the dissolved oxygen content, which regulates the activity ratio of anaerobic amonifying and aerobic nitrifying microflora. Optimum aeration in Cl. gariepinus cultivation systems is determined not only by the direct physiological needs of fish, but also by the need to maintain a sufficient content of dissolved oxygen to ensure nitrification processes. Originality. The study investigated the effect of the food load on the quality of aquatic environment in the circulating aquaculture systems for Cl. gariepinus rearing. Practical value. The study results can be used to optimize Cl. gariepinus growing methods in circulating aquaculture systems with adjustable parameters at high stocking densities. Key words: African catfish, quality of the aquatic environment, food load, inorganic nitrogen compounds, phosphorus phosphate content, circulating adjustable systems.

Tertiary Treatment of Livestock Wastewater in the Context of Alternative Water Resources for Sustainable Agriculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 161-170
Author(s):  
Carmen Tociu ◽  
Cristina Maria ◽  
Gyorgy Deak ◽  
Irina-Elena Ciobotaru ◽  
Alexandru-Anton Ivanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Livestock Wastewater ◽  
Alternative Water

The limited availability and quality of water resources are key issues of water management, and the protection and preservation of water resources are a requirement in the context of accelerated economic growth and principles of sustainable development. The experimental research presented in this paper is based on the need to identify alternative water sources and support unconventional wastewater treatment methods which would enable their reuse in areas affected by water scarcity and drought. Livestock wastewater contain significant levels of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and may represent an attractive water source for crop irrigation. This paper evaluates the efficacy of a proposed technological process for tertiary wastewater treatment consisting of two steps: electrochemical treatment for the removal of suspended and colloidal impurities and ozone disinfection. The experimental results showed higher efficiencies for the removal of chemical pollutants (92.5% COD, 79.3% BOD, 98.6% TSS, 41% residue saline) and significant inactivation of microorganisms (over 99.9% for total coliform bacteria and in some cases 100% for faecal coliform bacteria and faecal streptococci). The quality of the effluent complies with the regulations for wastewater use in agriculture and allows its reuse for different categories of use considering the required conditions for soil/crops. The successful application of treated wastewater to agricultural crops depends in a high extent on the good practices aimed on the improvement of crop yield and quality, optimisation of soil productivity and protection of the environment undertaken by the economic entities.

The influence of alendronate therapy on the quality of life in postmenopausal women with reduced bone mineral density

2018 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 292
Author(s):  
Grażyna Bączyk ◽  
Dorota Formanowicz ◽  
Paweł Kleka ◽  
Włodzimierz Samborski
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Life Assessment ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
General Scale ◽  
Specific Scale

Introduction and objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of treatment on the quality of life (QoL) in postmenopausal women characterized by the reduced BMD.Material and methods: Postmenopausal women (n=102), mean age (65.09±5.6 years) were included in this study. The participants were divided into two groups, depending on the treatment or lack of treatment. For assessment of their QoL, QUALEFFO-41 scale and WHOQOL-100 scale were used.Results: Mean values of the QUALEFFO-41 scale of women who used alendronate were significantly lower than those found in subjects not treated with this drug in the following areas: pain (p=0.03), ADL (p=0.03), jobs around the house (p=0.01), mobility (p=0.01), health perception (p=0.03), emotional function (p= 0.007) and total QoL  (p=0.005). The mean values of the WHOQOL-100 scale almost did not differ significantly between both groups of studied patients. An exception was the level of independence, with mean values of women not receiving bisphosphonates being significantly higher than those of patients using bisphosphonates therapy (p=0.04).Conclusions. Quality of life assessment of women with osteoporosis and osteopenia using a specific scale and general scale can be a valuable clue in the planning of treatment, nursing care and psychological care.

scholarly journals The comparison of fulvic acids extracted from the primary and secondary effluent

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00099
Author(s):  
Dominika Łomińska-Płatek ◽  
Anna M. Anielak
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Regulatory Functions ◽  
Raw Wastewater

As is well known without organic matter, there would be no life. Organic compounds perform very important functions in the whole ecosystem as: structural, storage, transport, catalyse reactions, immune and regulatory functions. One of the most important for both living and non-living organic matter is their role in the biogeochemical cycles of carbon, phosphorus, nitrogen and others elements. The major form of organic matter are humic substances (HS) which are a mixture of high molecular weight organic compounds with variable composition. Humic substances can be divided into: humic acids (HA), fulvic acids (FA) and humins (Hu). In the presented research FA were studied. They were extracted from the effluent in the process of ion exchange in a hydrophobic ion exchanger and then they were examined by qualitative analysis to determine the elemental composition of acids and the degree of contamination with heavy metals and other substances. The main aim was to balance and assess the amount of FA in the primary and secondary effluent. The studies have shown that concentration of FA in raw wastewater (primary effluent) was bigger than in the treated wastewater (secondary effluent). Based on the research, it can be stated that selected WWTP discharges less FA compared to the input pollution load.

Evaluation of the WHO nematode egg guidelines for restricted and unrestricted irrigation

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 277-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula J. Blumenthal ◽  
D. Duncan Mara ◽  
Rachel M. Ayres ◽  
Enrique Cifuentes ◽  
Anne Peasey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Wild Vegetables ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Guideline Quality ◽  
Who Guideline ◽  
Raw Wastewater

Epidemiological studies were conducted in Mexico to assess the health risks associated with restricted crop irrigation using raw and treated wastewaters. Experimental studies were done in northeast Brazil and Leeds, in which Ascaris lumbricoides contamination of lettuces spray-irrigated with raw wastewater and waste stabilization pond effluents containing different helminthological qualities was determined (Brazil); and Ascaridia galli infection was monitored in immunosuppressed chickens fed lettuces spray-irrigated with water containing different A. galli egg numbers (Leeds). The results indicate that the WHO guideline quality of ≤ 1 egg per litre protects crop consumers, but not necessarily fieldworkers and their families especially children. This is particularly the case when wastewater treatment systems are not stable, when recontamination of the partially treated wastewater with small quantities of raw wastewater may occur, and when wild vegetables are harvested and consumed. In such cases a stricter guideline quality of ≤ 0.5 egg per litre may be required.

Effect of Treated Wastewater, Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Quality of the Brown Fiber Cotton

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wagner Walker de Albuquerque Alves ◽  
Carlos Alberto Vieira de Azevedo ◽  
Rogaciano Cirilo Batista ◽  
José Dantas Neto ◽  
Napoleão Esberard de Macêdo Beltrão
Keyword(s):  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Brown Fiber

Treatment of Textile Dye Wastewater by Electrocoagulation Method

2011 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 276-279
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
Dan Su ◽  
Hai Bo Li
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Textile Dye ◽  
Dye Wastewater ◽  
Electrolysis Time ◽  
Organic Matter Degradation ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Raw Wastewater

Electrocoagulation method for textile dye wastewater treatment was investigated in this study. Results show that electrocoagulation can be used powerfully and effectively in organic matter degradation of textile industrial wastewater, where the extent of COD removal and decolorization are achieved about 75.45% and 84.62% after 25 minutes, respectively. pH for textile dye wastewater ascended higher than that of raw wastewater and temperature increased with electrolysis time. GC-MS spectra suggest that organic pollutants in textile dye wastewater are effectively oxidized and decomposed by direct current electrolysis. In addition, the quality of the upper layer liquid after electrolysis nearly meets the criteria of Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Dyeing and Finishing of Textile Industry (GB4287-92) of China.

scholarly journals New Approaches in Biological Wastewater Treatment Aimed at Removal of Organic Matter and Nutrients

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larisa Sabliy ◽  
Yevgeniy Kuzminskiy ◽  
Veronika Zhukova ◽  
Marina Kozar ◽  
Henryk Sobczuk
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Suspended Substances ◽  
Treatment Technologies

Abstract The article presents the developed anaerobic-aerobic wastewater treatment technologies. These technologies aimed at removing the organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus by means of microorganisms immobilized on fibrous carrier surfaces. The results of the laboratory research show the high efficiency of milk wastewater treatment. The following degrees of reduction were achieved for the pollutant indicators: COD -86.7-93 %, total nitrogen - 96.9-97.9 %. Compared to the traditional treatment technologies applied in Ukraine, these values are high. The concentration of organic matters and biomass of not attached bacteria decreased in bioreactor chambers. When the purification process ends, a small amount of excess biomass remains; therefore, its self-oxidation and self-regulation occurs as a result of consumption by the organisms occupying higher levels of trophic chains. The use of anaerobic-aerobic bioreactors system for the treatment of wastewater enables achieving high outflow quality and prevents the suspended substances from slipping. Immobilization of microorganisms on the first stage of the technology prevents the formation of big amount of excessive sludge and removes biomass from the bioreactor, which allows the technology even for the heavily polluted wastewater. In reactors containing immobilized microorganisms, the organic matter compounds used in subsequent reactors for phosphate accumulation are split. The presented biotechnology saves electric energy, provides sufficient quality of treatment, and ensure the compliance of treated wastewater with the effluent standards.

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