A study of NH3-N and P refixation by struvite formation in hybrid anaerobic reactor

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Lee ◽  
C.U. Choi ◽  
M.J. Lee ◽  
I.H. Chung ◽  
D.S. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Magnesium Ions ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Magnesium Salts ◽  
Main Components ◽  
P Removal

This research is concerned with the removal of ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus in foodwaste by crystallization. Reductions have been achieved by struvite formation after the addition of magnesium ions (Mg2+). Magnesium ions used in this study were from magnesium salts of MgCl2. The results of our analysis using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed that the amount of struvite in precipitated sludge grew enough to be seen with the naked eye (600-700μm). EDX analysis also showed that the main components of the struvite were magnesium and phosphorus. NH3-N removal efficiency using MgCl2 was 67% while PO4-P removal efficiency was 73%. It was confirmed that nitrogen and phosphorus could be stabilized and removal simultaneously through anaerobic digestion by Mg, NH3 and PO4-P, which were necessary for struvite formation.

Ammonia Nitrogen Removal Using Oyster Shell as Alkalinity-Releasing Media in a Biological Nitrification System

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1721-1728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiying Han ◽  
Changwei Li ◽  
Rong Fan ◽  
Xiaochang Lin ◽  
Dezhao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oyster Shell ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Shellfish Aquaculture ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Aquaculture Industry ◽  
Biological Nitrification

Abstract. The booming shellfish aquaculture industry in China generates a large amount of oyster shell (OS) as a byproduct, which poses an urgent threat to the sensitive ecosystem. In this study, the feasibility of enhanced NH4+-N removal from wastewater using OS as an alkalinity provider was explored using a set of shaken flasks continuously operated in batch mode. The results indicated that NH4+-N removal was enhanced due to the presence of OS, considering the variations in NH4+-N concentration and NH4+-N removal efficiency. Furthermore, the nitrification rate, calculated as NH4+-N removed per hour, was higher with greater OS addition. The most important result is an equation for estimating OS addition, based on alkalinity analysis, that provides a reference for the design of nitrifying biofilters with OS as media. Additionally, the alkalinity released from OS due to biological nitrification was confirmed using x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Keywords: Alkalinity, Ammonia nitrogen, Nitrification, Oyster shell (OS), pH, Wastewater.

The ecological filter system for treatment of decentralized wastewater

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1553-1560
Author(s):  
Kun Zhong ◽  
Yi-yong Luo ◽  
Zheng-song Wu ◽  
Qiang He ◽  
Xue-bin Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Ecological Filter ◽  
Aerated Filter

A vertical flow constructed wetland was combined with a biological aerated filter to develop an ecological filter, and to obtain the optimal operating parameters: The hydraulic loading was 1.55 m3/(m2·d), carbon–nitrogen ratio was 10, and gas–water ratio was 6. The experimental results demonstrated considerable removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) in wastewater by the ecological filter, with average removal rates of 83.79%, 93.10%, 52.90%, and 79.07%, respectively. Concentration of NH4+-N after treatment met the level-A discharge standard of GB18918-2002. Compared with non-plant filter, the ecological filter improved average removal efficiency of COD, NH4+-N, TN, and TP by 13.03%, 25.30%, 14.80%, and 2.32%, respectively: thus, plants significantly contribute to the removal of organic pollutants and nitrogen. Through microporous aeration and O2 secretion of plants, the ecological filter formed an aerobic–anaerobic–aerobic alternating environment; thus aerobic and anaerobic microbes were active and effectively removed organic pollutants. Meanwhile, nitrogen and phosphorus were directly assimilated by plants and as nutrients of microorganisms. Meanwhile, pollutants were removed through nitrification, denitrification, filtration, adsorption, and interception by the filler. High removal rates of pollutants on the ecological filter proved that it is an effective wastewater-treatment technology for decentralized wastewater of mountainous towns.

The Ammonia Nitrogen Removal Enhanced by Biological Aerobic Filter Packed with a Novel Lightweight Zeolite Particles

2013 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 764-767
Author(s):  
Hai Tang ◽  
Long Ouyang ◽  
Xiang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Exponential Equation ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N) removal enhanced by biological aerobic filter (BAF) packed with novel micro-mesoporous lightweight zeolite particles (LZP) as carrier. The results showed that the biofilm can quickly grow up using LZP as media in the BAF. HLR of 1.2 was chosen as the optimal value under the average influent NH4+-N concentration of 24.6 mg/L, percent NH4-N removal of 87% and NLR of 0.24 kgN/m3.d was achieved. The kinetic performance of the LZP-BAF indicated that the relationship of NH4-N removal efficiency with the L could be described by an exponential equation (Ce/Ci=exp (-1.24/L0.344)).

Enhancing nitrogen and phosphorus removal in the BUCT–IFAS process by bypass flow strategy

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 528-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Bai ◽  
Xie Quan ◽  
Yaobin Zhang ◽  
Shuo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Flow Mode ◽  
Bypass Flow ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus Removal ◽  
University Of Cape Town ◽  
P Removal

A University of Cape Town process coupled with integrated fixed biofilm and activated sludge system was modified by bypass flow strategy (BUCT–IFAS) to enhance nitrogen and phosphorus removal from the wastewater containing insufficient carbon source. This process was operated under different bypass flow ratios (λ were 0, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 and 0.7, respectively) to investigate the effect of different operational modes on the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) removal efficiency (λ = 0 was noted as common mode, other λ were noted as bypass flow mode), and optimizing the N and P removal efficiency by altering the λ. Results showed that the best total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) removal performances were achieved at λ of 0.6, the effluent TN and TP averaged 14.0 and 0.4 mg/L meeting discharge standard (TN < 15 mg/L, TP < 0.5 mg/L). Correspondingly, the TN and TP removal efficiencies were 70% and 94%, respectively, which were 24 and 41% higher than those at λ of 0. In addition, the denitrification and anoxic P-uptake rates were increased by 23% and 23%, respectively, compared with those at λ of 0. These results demonstrated that the BUCT–IFAS process was an attractive method for enhancing nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater containing insufficient carbon source.

Tertiary treatment of municipal wastewater using bioflocculating micro-algae

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 940-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Sérodes ◽  
E. Walsh ◽  
O. Goulet ◽  
J. de la Noue ◽  
C. Lescelleur
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Tertiary Treatment ◽  
Deep Basin ◽  
Sequential Batch Reactor ◽  
N Removal

Design criteria of a pilot plant for treating secondary municipal effluents using filamentous, bioflocculating micro-algae were evaluated. Using a sequential batch reactor, the best removal rate of ammonia nitrogen was reached for 25% draw volume; at 20–22 °C, up to four cycles per day could be achieved giving a removal efficiency of approximately 2 g of N per day and per square meter of basin (200 mm deep) with negligible nitrogen residual; increasing the water level by increments of 200 mm (from 200 to 600 mm) increased the N removal efficiency in a way similar to an increase in the number of renewals per day on a 200 mm deep basin. The dominant micro-algae (Chlorhormidium) was heavily influenced by the water temperature. Key words: micro-algae, municipal wastewater, water treatment, ammonia nitrogen, removal rate, removal efficiency.

scholarly journals Multi-Year N and P Removal of a 10-Year-Old Surface Flow Constructed Wetland Treating Agricultural Drainage Waters

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Tolomio ◽  
Nicola Dal Ferro ◽  
Maurizio Borin
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Venice Lagoon ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Agricultural Drainage ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Drainage Waters ◽  
P Removal

Surface flow constructed wetlands (SFCWs) can be effectively used to treat agricultural drainage waters, reducing N and P surface water pollution. In the Venice Lagoon drainage basin (northeastern Italy), an SFCW was monitored during 2007–2013 to assess its performance in reducing water, N, and P loads more than 10 years after its creation. Nitrogen concentrations showed peaks during winter due to intense leaching from surrounding fields. Phosphorus concentrations were higher after prolonged periods with no discharge, likely due to mobilization of P of the decomposing litter inside the basin. Over the entire period, N removal efficiency was 83% for NO3–N and 79% for total N; P removal efficiency was 48% for PO4–P and 67% for total P. Values were higher than in several other studies, likely due to the fluctuating hydroperiod that produced discontinuous and reduced outflows. Nitrogen outlet concentrations were reduced by the SFCW, and N removal ratios decreased with increasing hydraulic loading, while no strong correlations were found in the case of P. The SFCW was shown to be an effective long-term strategy to increase water storage and reduce N and P loads in the Venice Lagoon drainage basin.

Studies on Anoxic Aerobic Alternate Frequency of Oxidation Ditch for Removing Nitrogen and Phosphorus

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 1573-1578
Author(s):  
Yu Hong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Oxidation Ditch ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Species ◽  
Biological Removal

Biological removal of nitrogen and phosphorus species from an artificial wastewater was investigated in a sequencing batch reactor ( SBR) by changing operating mode which simulation oxidation ditch aeration realization of point and achieved alternate anoxic/aerobic, The results show that: the total control for 6 h reaction time, including aeration 3 h, stop aeration 3 h, four conditions under the condition of 30 min, 10 min, 5 min, 3 min anoxic/ aerobic alternate of COD, ammonia nitrogen removal not too big effect, TN, TP influence is bigger. COD removal efficiency is above 89% for four modes and effluent COD is lower than 35mg/L.Ammonia nitrogen average removal efficiency is above 90% for four modes and effluent ammonia is less than 5mg/L.Total nitrogen removal rates was 68.71%, 67.70%, 60.36%, 37.27% respectively for four modes. In instantaneous influent, anoxic and aerobic alternating time should not be less than 5min for TN removal. Mode Ⅰto Ⅳ removal efficiency of TP was 23.05%, -2.17%, 1.19%, 43.61% respectively.

Effect on Bed Material Heights to the Performance of ZCBAF in the Treatment of Micro-Polluted Raw Water

2012 ◽  
Vol 209-211 ◽  
pp. 2053-2057
Author(s):  
Jin Xiang Liu ◽  
Shui Bo Xie ◽  
Chun Ning Cheng ◽  
Jin Sheng Lou ◽  
Shi You Li
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Hydraulic Loading ◽  
N Removal ◽  
The Media ◽  
Aerated Filter ◽  
Bed Material

The effect of bed material heights on treatment performance of pollutants from micro-polluted raw Water was studied in zeolite - Ceramics biological aerated filter(ZCBAF) technology. The test results showed the removal rate of CODMn, NH4+-N and UV254 will improve with the increase of media height, most of CODMn and UV254 were removed within the first 440mm , when the media height over 440mm, the effect of increase height is inconspicuous removal, and ammonia-nitrogen removal has evident improvement during 220-440mm. At the media height of 20mm, 40mm and 60mm in ZCBAF respectively, the removal efficiency of CODMn is 18.05%，31.6% and 38.62% respectively, NH4+-N removal efficiency is 29.78%,81.28% and 93.02% respectively , and UV254 removal efficiency is 7.81%，10.11% and 11.26% respectively under the air/water ratio of 1:1 and the hydraulic loading of 1.2m3/(m2.h). Removal rate of CODMn was decreased with the increase of hydraulic loading, and removal effect of NH4+-N and UV254 had not big influence.

Struvite pellet crystallization in a high-strength nitrogen and phosphorus stream

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1300-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongmei Li ◽  
Mingyan Liu ◽  
Zhiwen Yuan ◽  
Jinte Zou
Keyword(s):  
High Strength ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Nutrient Removal Efficiency ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
P Removal

Struvite crystallization is a reliable method to recover nutrients from wastewater. Laboratory-scale experiments were conducted to investigate nutrient recovery from synthetic wastewater with high-strength orthophosphate and ammonia-nitrogen by the formation of struvite pellets. Without adjusting pH, struvite crystal growth environment was achieved in ammonia-nitrogen and orthophosphate concentration ranges of 100–1,000 and 221–2,214 mg/L, respectively. The mean size of the harvested struvite pellets was in the range of 3–4 mm. pH is an important factor indicating the process supersaturation. A range of pH 6.2–9.0 was tested in order to enhance nutrient removal efficiency. The results showed although higher N, P and Mg removals were achieved at higher pH values, over 95% N, P and Mg removals were still achieved at pH of 7.6. Recycling ratio of the clarifier supernatant to influent had no significant promotion of N or P removal.

scholarly journals Impact of microbial activity on the performance of planted and unplanted wetland at laboratory scale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Jamwal ◽  
Shahana Shirin
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Ammonium N ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Nitrate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
P Removal

Abstract Three horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland prototypes were set up to identify and understand the role of microflora in nutrient removal under diverse operating conditions. Out of three setups, one setup served as a control (without plants), and rest were planted with Typha domingensis. The setups were operated at two different hydraulic loading rates (5 cm/day and 16 cm/day) for two months each. Among 27 bacteria species isolated, 80% of nitrate-reducing bacteria were observed in control, and 50–77% of nitrate-reducing bacteria were observed in the plant setups. Presence of diverse denitrifying bacteria and soil organic carbon contributed to high Nitrate-N removal in control at both HLRs. Similar Ammonium-N (29%) and Ortho-P removal (30%) efficiency was observed at both HLRs in the control setup. Processes such as chemical sorption and adsorption dominated the Ammonium-N and Ortho-P removal in control setup. High average Ammonium-N removal efficiency of 89 and 52% was observed in plant setups at 5 cm/day and 16 cm/day HLR. At low HLR Ammonium-N removal in plant setups was dominated by nutrient uptake. In the plant setups, 35 and 15% Ortho-P removal efficiency was observed at low HLR (5 cm/day) and high HLR (16 cm/day) respectively. Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) limited the uptake of Ortho-P thereby allowing mineralised phosphorus to escape the system without being absorbed by the plants.

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