Ammonia Nitrogen Removal Using Oyster Shell as Alkalinity-Releasing Media in a Biological Nitrification System

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1721-1728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiying Han ◽  
Changwei Li ◽  
Rong Fan ◽  
Xiaochang Lin ◽  
Dezhao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oyster Shell ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Shellfish Aquaculture ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Aquaculture Industry ◽  
Biological Nitrification

Abstract. The booming shellfish aquaculture industry in China generates a large amount of oyster shell (OS) as a byproduct, which poses an urgent threat to the sensitive ecosystem. In this study, the feasibility of enhanced NH4+-N removal from wastewater using OS as an alkalinity provider was explored using a set of shaken flasks continuously operated in batch mode. The results indicated that NH4+-N removal was enhanced due to the presence of OS, considering the variations in NH4+-N concentration and NH4+-N removal efficiency. Furthermore, the nitrification rate, calculated as NH4+-N removed per hour, was higher with greater OS addition. The most important result is an equation for estimating OS addition, based on alkalinity analysis, that provides a reference for the design of nitrifying biofilters with OS as media. Additionally, the alkalinity released from OS due to biological nitrification was confirmed using x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Keywords: Alkalinity, Ammonia nitrogen, Nitrification, Oyster shell (OS), pH, Wastewater.

The Characteristic Evaluation of Hydroxyapatite Powders Synthesized from CaCO3 Refined from Oyster Shell and H3PO4

2006 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 639-644
Author(s):  
Hye Sung Kim ◽  
Su Chak Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Oyster Shell ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Ft Ir

Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, HAp) powders is synthesized using the mixed powders of CaCO3 refined from oyster shells and phosphoric acid (H3PO4-98%, Daejung) as starting materials. The characteristic evaluation and chemical analysis of the synthesized powders is performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transformed infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR), and inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICPAES). XRD analysis of synthetic powder by heat treatment at 1300°C for 2hrs shows only HAp peaks corresponding to stoichiometric HAp. It is confirmed by ICP-AES test that impurities such as Zn, In, Ti, Ba, Cd, Pb, and Mn, is not detected at all, but small amounts of Ti and Be is observed (0.099ppm Ti and 0.002ppm Ba). Variation of bone density is measured by giving medication of HAp powder with drinking water into human body continuously for three month. After the medication, the bone density is higher than the medication before. This means that HAp powder made from this process can be used as improver of bone density.

scholarly journals Intercalation of oxalate ions in the interlayer space of a layered double hydroxide for nickel ions adsorption

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Doungmo Giscard ◽  
Théophile Kamgaing ◽  
Ranil Clément Tonleu Temgoua ◽  
Ervice Ymele ◽  
Francis Merlin Melataguia Tchieno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interlayer Space ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Nickel Ions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Modified Clay ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Oxalate Ions ◽  
Double Hydroxide ◽  
Clay Materials

In this study, sorption properties of a synthesized anionic clay were enhanced by the intercalation of oxalate ions in its interlayer space. The pristine and modified clay materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis. These techniques confirmed the presence of oxalate ions in the interlayer space of the clay. The intercalated clay was then used as a matrix for the sorption in batch mode of nickel ions in aqueous solution. The influence of a number of parameters such as contact time, pH, initial concentration of the analyte and adsorbent dosage were studied. The maximum adsorption of nickel was obtained at pH 6, that is, about 90% Ni2+ removal. The adsorbent/adsorbate equilibrium follows a pseudo-second order kinetics and best matches the Langmuir model. The modified clay was shown to be efficient matrix for the sorption of nickel ions.

A study of NH3-N and P refixation by struvite formation in hybrid anaerobic reactor

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Lee ◽  
C.U. Choi ◽  
M.J. Lee ◽  
I.H. Chung ◽  
D.S. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Magnesium Ions ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Magnesium Salts ◽  
Main Components ◽  
P Removal

This research is concerned with the removal of ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus in foodwaste by crystallization. Reductions have been achieved by struvite formation after the addition of magnesium ions (Mg2+). Magnesium ions used in this study were from magnesium salts of MgCl2. The results of our analysis using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed that the amount of struvite in precipitated sludge grew enough to be seen with the naked eye (600-700μm). EDX analysis also showed that the main components of the struvite were magnesium and phosphorus. NH3-N removal efficiency using MgCl2 was 67% while PO4-P removal efficiency was 73%. It was confirmed that nitrogen and phosphorus could be stabilized and removal simultaneously through anaerobic digestion by Mg, NH3 and PO4-P, which were necessary for struvite formation.

scholarly journals Fixation of BiOI/BiOBr/MoS2 Powders on Fiber Cloths for Photocatalytic Degradation of Ammonia Nitrogen from Aqueous Solution

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Yi Wei ◽  
Peiwei Tang ◽  
Minfeng Huang ◽  
Yongzhang Pan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Photocatalytic Performance ◽  
Solvothermal Method ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron

A novel photocatalyst powder, BiOI/BiOBr/MoS2, was synthesized by a simple solvothermal method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), specific surface area and pore size analyses, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray energy spectrometry (EDS) were utilized to characterize the prepared samples. After evaluating the photocatalytic performance of the catalyst, it was loaded on the glass fiber and carbon fiber by polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and N-methylpyrrolidone, respectively. The photocatalytic activity of the composite was investigated by the degradation of ammonia nitrogen wastewater. The fiber cloth solved the problem of separation of powder from solution after reaction, and the presence of the binder reduces the agglomeration of the nanoparticles in the water. After four times repeated experiments, the degradation of simulate ammonia nitrogen wastewater by loaded glass fiber and loaded carbon fiber are 74.1% and 60.58%. Fixation of BiOI/BiOBr/MoS2 powders on fiber cloth solve the problem of difficult recovery of powder photocatalytic materials and it can be recycled, which has economic valuable.

Optimization of ammonia nitrogen removal by SO42− intercalated hydrotalcite using response surface methodology

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (54) ◽  
pp. 48329-48335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng-Zhi Duan ◽  
Hong-Yan Zeng ◽  
Hua-Miao Xiao ◽  
Chao-Rong Chen ◽  
Gao-Fei Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Scanning Electron

SO42− intercalated Mg–Al hydrotalcite (S-LDH) was prepared under microwave irradiation and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

scholarly journals Activated mineral adsorbent for the efficient removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution: adsorption performance and mechanism studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (9) ◽  
pp. 1896-1911
Author(s):  
Tao Zheng ◽  
Xiaohui Zhou ◽  
Jing Guo ◽  
Chubin Zhong ◽  
Yaochi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Potassium Feldspar ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Adsorption Performance ◽  
Adsorption Removal

Abstract Activated mineral adsorbent (AMA) was prepared via double salts (Na2SO4 and CaCO3) heat treatment activation of solid-state potassium feldspar. Adsorption performance of AMA for Cd(II) and Pb(II) was investigated by batch mode and factors affecting adsorption including pH value, initial concentration of adsorbate, contact time, adsorbent dosage and temperature on adsorption performance for Cd(II) and Pb(II) were studied. The results indicated that the adsorption process was pH dependent, endothermic and spontaneous. When the adsorption process of Cd(II) and Pb(II) on AMA reached equilibrium, the maximum saturated adsorption capacities were 263.16 and 303.03 mg/g for Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions, respectively, showing higher adsorption removal efficiency. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo second kinetic equation could well fit the adsorption process of Cd(II) and Pb(II) by AMA. Besides, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques were also performed to further reveal the adsorption mechanism. The results indicated that ion exchange, precipitation and adsorption played an important role in adsorption process. From the investigation, it was concluded that AMA was an excellent adsorbent with the advantages of environment-friendly, inexpensive, facile preparation and higher adsorption capacity of toxic Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions.

scholarly journals Adsorptive removal of catechol and resorcinol by orange flavedo (citrus sinensis): mechanisms based on the flavedo com-ponents d-limonene, carotenoids, ascorbates, flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Kamgaing Theophile ◽  
Doungmo Giscard ◽  
Ngouoko Kouonang Jimmy Julio ◽  
Tchieno Melataguia Francis Merlin ◽  
Ketcha MBadkam Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Contact Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Adsorbate Concentration ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Adsorption Phenomena

Orange flavedo and its adsorption behavior towards catechol (Ctc) and resorcinol (Res) were studied. Adsorption experiments were conducted in batch mode at room temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) data were used to characterize the biosorbent. The Effects of various parameters including equilibrium pH, sorbent dosage, initial adsorbate concentration and contact time were investigated. The optimum contact time and pH for the removal of Ctc and Res were 35 min and pH 2 respectively. The adsorption isotherms fitted well with Freundlich model, the adsorption of Ctc and Res being multilayer and the surface of orange flavedo heterogeneous; the pseudo-second order kinetic model better reflects the adsorption phenomena. An adsorption mechanism based on the molecules grafted to the surface of the orange flavedo is proposed in this study. 0.2 gram of the biosorbent was sufficient to completely eliminate 2.2 milligrams of resorcinol and catechol from solution. Therefore, non-modified orange flavedo is a promising candidate, as a low-cost biosorbent, for the removal of Ctc and Res from aqueous solution.

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

Ribosome Structural Organization

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 332-333
Author(s):  
James A. Lake
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Complete Sequences

The understanding of ribosome structure has advanced considerably in the last several years. Biochemists have characterized the constituent proteins and rRNA's of ribosomes. Complete sequences have been determined for some ribosomal proteins and specific antibodies have been prepared against all E. coli small subunit proteins. In addition, a number of naturally occuring systems of three dimensional ribosome crystals which are suitable for structural studies have been observed in eukaryotes. Although the crystals are, in general, too small for X-ray diffraction, their size is ideal for electron microscopy.

Electron Microscopy of Human Gallstones

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 296-297
Author(s):  
C. Wolpers ◽  
R. Blaschke
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Triclinic Crystal System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Main Components

Scanning microscopy was used to study the surface of human gallstones and the surface of fractures. The specimens were obtained by operation, washed with water, dried at room temperature and shadowcasted with carbon and aluminum. Most of the specimens belong to patients from a series of X-ray follow-up study, examined during the last twenty years. So it was possible to evaluate approximately the age of these gallstones and to get information on the intensity of growing and solving.Cholesterol, a group of bile pigment substances and different salts of calcium, are the main components of human gallstones. By X-ray diffraction technique, infra-red spectroscopy and by chemical analysis it was demonstrated that all three components can be found in any gallstone. In the presence of water cholesterol crystallizes in pane-like plates of the triclinic crystal system.

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