Nitrogen removal and ammonia-oxidising bacteria in a vertical flow constructed wetland treating inorganic wastewater

Nitrogen removal performance and the ammonia-oxidising bacterial (AOB) community were assessed in the batch loaded 1.3 ha saturated surface vertical flow wetland at CSBP Ltd, a fertiliser and chemical manufacturer located in Kwinana, Western Australia. From September 2008 to October 2009 water quality was monitored and sediment samples collected for bacterial analyses. During the period of study the wetland received an average inflow of 1,109 m3/day with NH3-N = 40 mg/L and NO3-N = 23 mg/L. Effluent NH3-N and NO3-N were on average 31 and 25 mg/L, respectively. The overall NH3-N removal rate for the period was 1.2 g/m2/day indicating the nitrifying capacity of the wetland. The structure of the AOB community was analysed using group specific primers for the ammonia monooxygenase gene (amoA) by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and by clone libraries to identify key members. The majority of sequences obtained were most similar to Nitrosomonas sp. while Nitrosospira sp. was less frequent. Another two vertical flow wetlands, 0.8 ha each, were commissioned at CSBP in July 2009, since then the wetland in this study has received nitrified effluent from these two new cells.

Download Full-text

In Situ Water Quality Improvement Mechanism (Nitrogen Removal) by Water-Lifting Aerators in a Drinking Water Reservoir

Water ◽

10.3390/w10081051 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1051 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Zizhen Zhou ◽

Tinglin Huang ◽

Weijin Gong ◽

Yang Li ◽

Yue Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Nitrogen Removal ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Water Reservoir ◽

Control Area ◽

Nitrite Accumulation ◽

Field Scale ◽

Drinking Water Reservoir ◽

N Removal

A field scale experiment was performed to explore the nitrogen removal performance of the water and surface sediment in a deep canyon-shaped drinking water reservoir by operating WLAs (water-lifting aerators). Nitrogen removal performance was achieved by increasing the densities and N-removal genes (nirK and nirS) of indigenous aerobic denitrifiers. After the operation of WLAs, the total nitrogen removal rate reached 29.1 ± 0.8% in the enhanced area. Ammonia and nitrate concentrations were reduced by 72.5 ± 2.5% and 40.5 ± 2.1%, respectively. No nitrite accumulation was observed. Biolog results showed improvement of carbon metabolism and carbon source utilization of microbes in the enhanced area. Miseq high-throughput sequencing indicated that the denitrifying bacteria percentage was also higher in the enhanced area than that in the control area. Microbial communities had changed between the enhanced and control areas. Thus, nitrogen removal through enhanced indigenous aerobic denitrifiers by the operation of WLAs was feasible and successful at the field scale.

Download Full-text

Upflow packed bed Anammox reactor used in two-stage deammonification of sludge digester effluent

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2018.322 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 78 (9) ◽

pp. 1843-1851 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

İ. Çelen-Erdem ◽

E. S. Kurt ◽

B. Bozçelik ◽

B. Çallı

Keyword(s):

Removal Efficiency ◽

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Municipal Wastewater ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Packed Bed ◽

Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽

Two Stage ◽

N Removal ◽

Total Nitrogen Removal

Abstract The sludge digester effluent taken from a full scale municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Istanbul, Turkey, was successfully deammonified using a laboratory scale two-stage partial nitritation (PN)/Anammox (A) process and a maximum nitrogen removal rate of 1.02 kg N/m3/d was achieved. In the PN reactor, 56.8 ± 4% of the influent NH4-N was oxidized to NO2-N and the effluent nitrate concentration was kept below 1 mg/L with 0.5–0.7 mg/L of dissolved oxygen and pH of 7.12 ± 12 at 24 ± 4°C. The effluent of the PN reactor was fed to an upflow packed bed Anammox reactor where high removal efficiency was achieved with NO2-N:NH4-N and NO3-N:NH4-N ratios of 1.32 ± 0.19:1 and 0.22 ± 0.10:1, respectively. The results show that NH4-N removal efficiency up to 98.7 ± 2.4% and total nitrogen removal of 87.7 ± 6.5% were achieved.

Download Full-text

Experience from start-ups of the first ANITA Mox Plants

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2013.156 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 67 (12) ◽

pp. 2677-2684 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

M. Christensson ◽

S. Ekström ◽

A. Andersson Chan ◽

E. Le Vaillant ◽

R. Lemaire

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Ammonia Removal ◽

Nitrogen Loading ◽

Biofilm Reactor ◽

Process Conditions ◽

N2o Emissions ◽

N Removal ◽

Start Up

ANITA™ Mox is a new one-stage deammonification Moving-Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) developed for partial nitrification to nitrite and autotrophic N-removal from N-rich effluents. This deammonification process offers many advantages such as dramatically reduced oxygen requirements, no chemical oxygen demand requirement, lower sludge production, no pre-treatment or requirement of chemicals and thereby being an energy and cost efficient nitrogen removal process. An innovative seeding strategy, the ‘BioFarm concept’, has been developed in order to decrease the start-up time of new ANITA Mox installations. New ANITA Mox installations are started with typically 3–15% of the added carriers being from the ‘BioFarm’, with already established anammox biofilm, the rest being new carriers. The first ANITA Mox plant, started up in 2010 at Sjölunda wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Malmö, Sweden, proved this seeding concept, reaching an ammonium removal rate of 1.2 kgN/m3 d and approximately 90% ammonia removal within 4 months from start-up. This first ANITA Mox plant is also the BioFarm used for forthcoming installations. Typical features of this first installation were low energy consumption, 1.5 kW/NH4-N-removed, low N2O emissions, <1% of the reduced nitrogen and a very stable and robust process towards variations in loads and process conditions. The second ANITA Mox plant, started up at Sundets WWTP in Växjö, Sweden, reached full capacity with more than 90% ammonia removal within 2 months from start-up. By applying a nitrogen loading strategy to the reactor that matches the capacity of the seeding carriers, more than 80% nitrogen removal could be obtained throughout the start-up period.

Download Full-text

Assessment of Inocula and N-Removal Performance of Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (ANAMMOX) for the Treatment of Aged Landfill Leachates

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.2391 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 518-523 ◽

pp. 2391-2398

Author(s):

Yan He ◽

Gong Ming Zhou ◽

Min Sheng Huang ◽

Min Tong

Keyword(s):

Activated Sludge ◽

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Granular Sludge ◽

Nitrogen Loading ◽

Anaerobic Granular Sludge ◽

Landfill Leachates ◽

N Removal ◽

Start Up ◽

Anammox Process

Three kinds of seeding sludge, i.e. conventional activated sludge, anaerobic granular sludge and the nitrifying activated sludge from the nitritation reactor treating aged leachates were evaluated in batch mode to screen the optimized inoculum for the rapid start-up of ANAMMOX reactor. The feasibility of the ANAMMOX process for the treatment of aged leachates was also investigated in a modified upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB, 0.05m3). The batch experiments revealed that the nitrifying activated sludge from the nitritation reactor could respectively achieve the NRR (nitrogen removal rate) of 0.0365 kg N/(m3.d) and the ARR (ammonium removal rate) of 0.013 kg N/(m3.d) on day 12, which were greatly higher than those of the other two tested sludge samples. The mixture of the aforementioned nitrifying activated sludge and anaerobic granular sludge was established as an effective inoculum for the prompt start-up of ANAMMOX reactor. The maximum total nitrogen removal rate of 0.826 kg N/(m3.d) could be obtained for the treatment of “old” leachates under NLR (nitrogen loading rate) of 1.028 kg N/(m3.d). It is concluded that the N-removal performance of ANAMMOX process is still to be improved for actual engineering application to aged landfill leachates.

Download Full-text

The effect of aerated rock filter geometry on the rate of nitrogen removal from facultative pond effluents

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2011.102 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 63 (5) ◽

pp. 841-844 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. Hamdan ◽

D. D. Mara

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Ammonium Nitrogen ◽

Horizontal Flow ◽

Vertical Flow ◽

Stabilization Pond ◽

Waste Stabilization Pond ◽

Nitrate N ◽

N Removal ◽

Ammonium N ◽

Waste Stabilization

Rock filters are an established technology for polishing waste stabilization pond effluents. However, they rapidly become anoxic and consequently do not remove ammonium-nitrogen. Horizontal-flow aerated rock filters (HFARF), developed to permit nitrification and hence ammonium-N removal, were compared with a novel vertical-flow aerated rock filter (VFARF). There were no differences in the removals of BOD5, TSS and TKN, but the VFARF consistently produced effluents with lower ammonium-N concentrations (<0.3 mg N/L) than the HFARF (0.8−1.5 mg N/L) and higher nitrate-N concentrations (24–29 mg N/L vs. 17–24 mg N/L).

Download Full-text

Nitrogen removal from ammonium-contaminated groundwater using dropping nitrification–cotton-based denitrification reactor

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2021.258 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

A. K. Maharjan ◽

K. Mori ◽

K. Nishida ◽

T. Toyama

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Denitrifying Bacteria ◽

Electron Donors ◽

Nitrifying Bacteria ◽

Contaminated Groundwater ◽

Total N ◽

N Removal ◽

Denitrification Reactor ◽

Synthetic Groundwater

Abstract A novel dropping nitrification–cotton-based denitrification reactor was developed for total nitrogen (N) removal from ammonium (NH4+)-contaminated groundwater. The nitrogen removal ability of the reactor was evaluated for 91 days. A 1 m-long dropping nitrification unit was fed with synthetic groundwater containing 30 mg-NH4+-N/L at a flow rate of 2.16 L/d. The outlet of the dropping nitrification unit was connected to the cotton-based denitrification unit. The NH4+ present in the groundwater was completely oxidized (>90% nitrification efficiency) by nitrifying bacteria to nitrite (NO2–) and nitrate (NO3–) in the dropping nitrification unit. Subsequently, the generated NO2– and NO3– were denitrified (96%–98% denitrification efficiency) by denitrifying bacteria in the cotton-based denitrification unit under anoxic conditions. Organic carbons released from the cotton presumably acted as electron donors for heterotrophic denitrification. Nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria were colonized in higher abundance in the dropping nitrification and cotton-based denitrification units, respectively. The total N removal rate and efficiency of the dropping nitrification–cotton-based denitrification reactor for 91 days were 58.1–66.9 mg-N/d and 96%–98%, respectively. Therefore, the dropping nitrification–cotton-based denitrification reactor will be an efficient, sustainable, and promising option for total N removal from NH4+-contaminated groundwater.

Download Full-text

SUSTAINABLE NITROGEN REMOVAL USING APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES

Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction ◽

10.14455/isec.res.2017.11 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Krishnanand Maillacheruvu ◽

Derek Hartmann

Keyword(s):

Rate Constant ◽

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Low Cost ◽

C:N Ratio ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Agricultural Runoff ◽

Point Sources ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

N Removal

Nitrogen and phosphorus are two major pollutants that lead to eutrophication, adversely impact ecosystems, and lead to degradation of water quality, which impacts human health and sustainability. Pollution from point sources like wastewater and industry discharge is easier to control than non-point source pollution due to agricultural runoff and related activities. The USEPA is considering more strict standards for nitrogen and phosphorus discharge from point sources. The objective of this study was to use an appropriate low-cost wastewater technology to demonstrate removal of nitrogen from wastewater discharge using rotating biological contactors (RBCs) using different C:N ratios. The first-order nitrogen removal rate constant was found to be about 3.88 day-1 in experimental reactor systems, using RBC media from a local wastewater treatment plant (Greater Peoria Sanitary District). Phase I experiments, at C:N ratio of 2:1, with nitrogen removal rates of 60% in a single flow-through system. Phase II experiments for the limited carbon availability condition showed that the removal rate constant reduced by 30% and N-removal efficiency dropped to around 48%. Modeling showed that even under these conditions, multiple bioreactors operated in series could help achieve design treatment goals. The system achieved stability within a week of operation. Economics and sustainability issues are analyzed to determine if the process developed in this research is scalable to pilot-and full-scale conditions.

Download Full-text

Treatment of Mariculture Wastewater Using Constructed Wetlands under Antibiotic Interference

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.522-524.849 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 522-524 ◽

pp. 849-853 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Qi Shuo Wang ◽

Ji Guang Li ◽

Chun Jun Wang ◽

Xiu Ping Cai ◽

Hui Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Constructed Wetlands ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Vertical Flow ◽

Toc Removal ◽

N Removal ◽

Wetland System ◽

Aquaculture Wastewater ◽

Upper Level

Wetland wastewater treatment commonly used in farming, but aquaculture wastewater often contains large amounts of antibiotics, making the wetland system there is uncertainty on the removal of contaminants. To this end, this paper four antibiotics (Ampicillin, Oxytetracycline, Bacitracin, Colistin sulfate) composite vertical flow constructed wetland wastewater treatment on the effects of mariculture. The results showed that for the next four kinds of antibiotics interfere IVCW with TOCNH3-NNO3--N removal rate decreased; But after some time, TE for TOC removal and CS for NO3--N removal was without interference. In addition, wetland microbial resistance to antibiotics will be gradually formed, the lower the formation of drug-resistant and high resistant faster than the upper level, and prolonged use of broad-spectrum antibiotics are more prone to tolerance.

Download Full-text

Partial Nitrification in Microaerobic Tank of “Anoxic-Anaerobic- Microaerobic-Aerobic (A2O2)” Biological Nitrogen Removal Process

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.1039 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 295-298 ◽

pp. 1039-1044 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jian Lei Gao ◽

Bing Nan Lv ◽

Yi Xin Yan ◽

Jian Ping Wu

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Partial Nitrification ◽

Biological Nitrogen Removal ◽

Nitrogenous Fertilizer ◽

Removal Process ◽

Batch Tests ◽

N Removal ◽

Biological Nitrogen

The pilot-scale Anoxic-Anaerobic-Microaerobic-Aerobic (A2O2) biological nitrogen removal process was used to treat the wastewater from nitrogenous fertilizer production with C/N ratio of 1~2. Batch tests were conducted to investigate the patial nitrification using the activated sludge from the microaerobic tank rich in nitrite bacteria as the experimental object. Results showed that 95% removal efficiency of NH3-N could be obtained with the HRT of 30 h. The SVI affected the NH3-N removal rate and the optimal SVI was 106 mL/g. The ORP was well correlated with the logarithm of NH3-N concentration with the linear regression equation of y=-57.233x+3.308. Moreover, the kinetic model for partial nitrification was determined as v=4.762s/(9.86+s).

Download Full-text

Isolation and Characteristics of Heterotrophic Nitrification-Aerobic Denitrification Bacterium, Bacillus cereus X7 at High Salinity

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.111 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 864-867 ◽

pp. 111-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ru Lei Yao ◽

Li Na Qiu ◽

Wei Wei Zhang ◽

Ai Jun Gong ◽

Zi Yu Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Cereus ◽

Nitrogen Removal ◽

High Salinity ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Aerobic Denitrification ◽

16S Rdna Sequence ◽

16S Rdna Sequence Analysis ◽

N Removal ◽

Nacl Concentration ◽

Biological Nitrogen

Biological nitrogen removal has been focused on in wastewater treatment field recently. A strain X7 was isolated from the sediment of pickle foodstuff wastewater. Based on its 16S rDNA sequence analysis, X7 was identified as Bacillus cereus. At NaCl concentration of 20 g/L, NH4+-N removal rate achieved 99.18%, when NO2--N and NO3--N removal rates were 77.24% and 68.6%, respectively. When NaCl concentration ranged from 0 to 40 g/L, the removal rate of NH4+-N was more than 97.59%. Therefore, due to the high nitrogen removal rate and excellent salt tolerance, Bacillus cereus X7 had a broad application prospect in the biodenitrification of brine wastewater.

Download Full-text