Plant growth and nutrient uptake in treatment wetlands for water with low pollutant concentration

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 1072-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Vincent ◽  
Kankan Shang ◽  
Guowei Zhang ◽  
Florent Chazarenc ◽  
Jacques Brisson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Pollutant Concentration ◽  
Treatment Wetlands ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Urban Stormwater Quality

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine how macrophytes commonly used in treatment wetlands (TWs) respond to water with low pollutant concentration. We measured pollutant removal efficiency and compared growth and nutrient uptake of five macrophytes in demonstration scale units (volume >40 m3) irrigated by water with pollutant concentrations representative of average urban stormwater quality. All species showed a strong productivity gradient along the beds, starting with high biomass – high density near the inlet, then decreasing progressively with distance. Cyperus was by far the most productive species. Phragmites and Thalia had higher biomass in the first few metres of the beds than Typha and Arundo. In terms of pollutant removal, decreasing plant growth may be interpreted as indicative of high efficiency when caused by nutrient depletion. Differences in aboveground biomass between species did not translate into measurable differences in removal efficiency at the outlet. Although Phragmites australis is the species most commonly used in TWs, under the low nutrient load, Cyperus had twice its biomass, and higher N and P uptake. These results highlight the importance of considering wastewater characteristics when selecting macrophyte species for TWs.

scholarly journals Treatment of Combined Dairy and Domestic Wastewater with Constructed Wetland System in Sicily (Italy). Pollutant Removal Efficiency and Effect of Vegetation

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1086
Author(s):  
Mario Licata ◽  
Roberto Ruggeri ◽  
Nicolò Iacuzzi ◽  
Giuseppe Virga ◽  
Davide Farruggia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Organic Pollutant ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Giant Reed

Dairy wastewater (DWW) contains large amounts of mineral and organic compounds, which can accumulate in soil and water causing serious environmental pollution. A constructed wetland (CW) is a sustainable technology for the treatment of DWW in small-medium sized farms. This paper reports a two-year study on the performance of a pilot-scale horizontal subsurface flow system for DWW treatment in Sicily (Italy). The CW system covered a total surface area of 100 m2 and treated approximately 6 m3 per day of wastewater produced by a small dairy farm, subsequent to biological treatment. Removal efficiency (RE) of the system was calculated. The biomass production of two emergent macrophytes was determined and the effect of plant growth on organic pollutant RE was recorded. All DWW parameters showed significant differences between inlet and outlet. For BOD5 and COD, RE values were 76.00% and 62.00%, respectively. RE for total nitrogen (50.70%) was lower than that of organic compounds. RE levels of microbiological parameters were found to be higher than 80.00%. Giant reed produced greater biomass than umbrella sedge. A seasonal variation in RE of organic pollutants was recorded due to plant growth rate Our findings highlight the efficient use of a CW system for DWW treatment in dairy-cattle farms.

scholarly journals Addition of high C:N crop residues to a P-limited substrate constrains the benefits of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis for wheat P and N nutrition

Mycorrhiza ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosolino Ingraffia ◽  
Sergio Saia ◽  
Antonio Giovino ◽  
Gaetano Amato ◽  
Giuseppe Badagliacca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Am Symbiosis

AbstractMany aspects concerning the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in plant nutrient uptake from organic sources remain unclear. Here, we investigated the contribution of AM symbiosis to N and P uptake by durum wheat after the addition of a high C:N biomass to a P-limited soil. Plants were grown in pots in the presence or absence of a multispecies AM inoculum, with (Org) or without (Ctr) the addition of 15N-labelled organic matter (OM). A further treatment, in which 15N was applied in mineral form (Ctr+N) in the same amount as that supplied in the Org treatment, was also included. Inoculation with AM had positive effects on plant growth in both control treatments (Ctr and Ctr+N), mainly linked to an increase in plant P uptake. The addition of OM, increasing the P available in the soil for the plants, resulted in a marked decrease in the contribution of AM symbiosis to plant growth and nutrient uptake, although the percentage of mycorrhization was higher in the Org treatment than in the controls. In addition, mycorrhization drastically reduced the recovery of 15N from the OM added to the soil whereas it slightly increased the N recovery from the mineral fertiliser. This suggests that plants and AM fungi probably exert a differential competition for different sources of N available in the soil. On the whole, our results provide a contribution to a better understanding of the conditions under which AM fungi can play an effective role in mitigating the negative effects of nutritional stresses in plants.

Pollutant removal efficiency of a retrofitted stormwater detention pond

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Faber Carpenter ◽  
Bertrand Vallet ◽  
Geneviève Pelletier ◽  
Paul Lessard ◽  
Peter A. Vanrolleghem
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Sluice Gate ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Detention Pond ◽  
Stormwater Retention ◽  
Pollutant Removal Efficiency

The objectives of this study were to characterize the stormwater runoff for a residential catchment, evaluate the present detention pond removal efficiency for different pollutants, and evaluate how its efficiency can be increased by controlling the pond stormwater retention time. The analysed pollutants were total suspended solids (TSS), total metals and ammonia. Runoff pollutant concentrations were generally found to agree with literature for the small residential catchment. The design of the original pond was such that low retention times of most analysed pollutants occurred, causing a lower than expected removal efficiency when compared to similar types of ponds. The retrofitting of the pond consisted of adding a sluice gate at the outlet in order to retain stormwater for longer periods of time. The retrofit allowed drastic improvement of the removal efficiency for TSS, NH3-N and zinc, from 39 to 90%, 10 to 84%, and 20 to 42%, respectively.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization Enhanced Early Growth ofMallotus paniculatusandAlbizia samanunder Nursery Conditions in East Kalimantan, Indonesia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewi Wulandari ◽  
Saridi ◽  
Weiguo Cheng ◽  
Keitaro Tawaraya
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Forest Conversion ◽  
Opencast Mining ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

Forest over logging, forest fire, forest conversion, and opencast mining have promoted deforestation in Indonesia, and reforestation is needed immediately. However, reforestation is limited by low seedling quality and production, and slow seedling growth in nurseries. Native tropical tree and fast-growing species,Mallotus paniculatusandAlbizia saman, are potential to promote the first rotation of reforestation. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are known to promote nutrient uptake and plant growth. We examined the effects of two native AM fungi,Gigaspora decipiensandGlomus clarum, on the growth ofM. paniculatusandA. samanseedlings under nursery conditions. At harvest, after six months, we determined AM colonization, shoot dry weight, and shoot N and P concentration. Approximately 90% and 50% ofM. paniculatusandA. samanroots, respectively, were colonized by AM fungi, without any difference between the inoculation treatments.G. decipiensandG. clarumincreased shoot height, leaf number, shoot dry weight, and shoot N and P uptake of both species. A positive correlation was observed between N and P uptake and shoot dry weight. These results suggest that AM fungi are effective in accelerating nutrient uptake and plant growth, which will, in turn, promote reforestation and sustainable forest timber production.

scholarly journals Nutrient Uptake, Partitioning, and Production of Two Subspecies of Brassica using Different Solution Concentrates in Floating Hydroponics Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Mercy Bientri Yunindanova ◽  
Subuh Pramono ◽  
Muhammad Hamka Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Pak Choi

In this study, we investigated nutrient uptake, partitioning, and production of two subspecies of Brassica in response to nutrient solution concentration in floating hydroponics systems. This study used a complete randomized block design factorial with two factors. The first factor was two Brassica subspecies consisting of Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis (Pak Choi) and Brassica rapa var. parachinensis (Choy Sum). The second factor was the concentration level consisting electrical conductivity (EC) 1 mS cm-1 and EC 2 mS cm-1. The results indicated the absorption rates of nitrogen (N,) phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in leaves, roots and stems were similar in both nutrient concentrations. In general, all combination treatments resulted more accumulation of P followed by N, also K as the smallest proportion. P was mostly accumulated at the root and leaves (19.60 to 25.90 mg g-1), while majority of N was collected in leaves ranging from 18.00 to 24.30 mg g-1. The highest K content was detected in the stem (10.70 to 14.20 mg g-1). P uptake was 1.69 to 2.47 times higher than K, while N uptake was 1.44 to 2.04 times higher than K. Both two subspecies and concentrations performed no significant effects on nutrient uptake. Although same species, the plant growth parameters of Pak Choi and Choy Sum are very different including plant height, leaves number, width and length. Both two subspecies adapted well with both concentrations. However, significant differences were recorded in the combination of subspecies and nutrient concentration on plant growth and production parameters. To achieve higher market portion, Pak Choi would be more suitable to be planted on EC 1 mS cm-1, while Choy Sum was favorable at both concentrations.

scholarly journals Valorization of sugarcane bagasse waste for fly ash production and application as an adsorbent

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-97
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Bed Height ◽  
Wastewater Samples

In this study, fly ash (FA) was derived from extracted sugarcane bagasse solid waste (ESBSW) and chemically modified to apply as an adsorbent. Impact of activated FA particles (200 and 250 µm) and adsorbent bed height (4, 6 and 8 mm) on pollutant removal efficiency was evaluated. ESBSW was combusted in laboratory-scale gasifier operated at 1000 °C for 1 h. The black solid residue was sieved to obtain the desired particle size followed by activation with 10% and 15% sulfuric acid. Wastewater samples collected from the drainage site of BUITEMS were analyzed and treated with the prepared adsorbent. ESBSW-FA 250 activated with 15% H2SO4 with 8 mm bed height showed high efficiency. Where, 94.37%, 95.1% and 63.5% removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total solids (TS) and turbidity was attained, respectively. The pH of treated water was neutral. ESBSW has shown great potential to be used as a precursor for valuable byproducts. It's recycling for adsorbent preparation will economically and environmentally benefit the sugar industry.

scholarly journals Inorganic Nitrogen Production and Removal along the Sediment Gradient of a Stormwater Infiltration Basin

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Qianyao Si ◽  
Mary G. Lusk ◽  
Patrick W. Inglett
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Stormwater Infiltration

Stormwater infiltration basins (SIBs) are vegetated depressions that collect stormwater and allow it to infiltrate to underlying groundwater. Their pollutant removal efficiency is affected by the properties of the soils in which they are constructed. We assessed the soil nitrogen (N) cycle processes that produce and remove inorganic N in two urban SIBs, with the goal of further understanding the mechanisms that control N removal efficiency. We measured net N mineralization, nitrification, and potential denitrification in wet and dry seasons along a sedimentation gradient in two SIBs in the subtropical Tampa, Florida urban area. Net N mineralization was higher in the wet season than in the dry season; however, nitrification was higher in the dry season, providing a pool of highly mobile nitrate that would be susceptible to leaching during periodic dry season storms or with the onset of the following wet season. Denitrification decreased along the sediment gradient from the runoff inlet zone (up to 5.2 μg N/g h) to the outermost zone (up to 3.5 μg N/g h), providing significant spatial variation in inorganic N removal for the SIBs. Sediment accumulating around the inflow areas likely provided a carbon source, as well as maintained stable anaerobic conditions, which would enhance N removal.

scholarly journals A Meta-Analytical Approach on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculation Efficiency on Plant Growth and Nutrient Uptake

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
Murugesan Chandrasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate symbionts of higher plants which increase the growth and nutrient uptake of host plants. The primary objective was initiated based on analyzing the enormity of optimal effects upon AMF inoculation in a comparative bias between mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants stipulated on plant biomass and nutrient uptake. Consequently, in accomplishing the above-mentioned objective a vast literature was collected, analyzed, and evaluated to establish a weighted meta-analysis irrespective of AMF species, plant species, family and functional group, and experimental conditions in the context of beneficial effects of AMF. I found a significant increase in the shoot, root, and total biomass by 36.3%, 28.5%, and, 29.7%, respectively. Moreover, mycorrhizal plants significantly increased phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium uptake by 36.3%, 22.1%, and 18.5%, respectively. Affirmatively upon cross-verification studies, plant growth parameters intensification was accredited to AMF (Rhizophagus fasciculatus followed by Funniliforme mosseae), plants (Triticum aestivum followed by Solanum lycopersicum), and plant functional groups (dicot, herbs, and perennial) were the additional vital important significant predictor variables of plant growth responses. Therefore, the meta-analysis concluded that the emancipated prominent root characteristics, increased morphological traits that eventually help the host plants for efficient phosphorus uptake, thereby enhancing plant biomass. The present analysis can be rationalized for any plant stress and assessment of any microbial agent that contributes to plant growth promotion.

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