scholarly journals Effect of source water/wastewater quality on bacterial removal during electrocoagulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 1460-1468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gudla Sruthi ◽  
M. Mansoor Ahammed ◽  
Abhipsa R. Makwana
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Electrolysis Time ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bacterial Removal ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Wastewater Quality

Abstract Bacterial removal during electrocoagulation (EC) was investigated employing samples from four different water/wastewater sources, namely, greywater, river water, secondary treated sewage and tap water spiked with Escherichia coli. Effects of current density and electrolysis time on the bacterial removal with aluminium electrodes were evaluated. For greywater, river water and secondary treated sewage, total coliform and E. coli removal efficiencies were not significantly different for the tested samples and varied in the range of 2.22–2.53 log10 units at a current density of 1 mA/cm2 and electrolysis time of 30 min. Higher removals up to 3.80 log10 units could be obtained at higher current density of 5 mA/cm2. Heterotrophic bacterial removals were higher compared with coliforms for the tested samples. Further, higher removal was obtained with spiked E. coli in tap water compared with naturally occurring coliforms in other samples. A comparison of bacterial removal by chemical coagulation (CC) employing alum at optimum dose with that by EC with 1 mA/cm2 current density and 30 min electrolysis time showed significantly higher removal by EC (2.22–2.53 log10 removal) compared with CC (1.40–1.80 log10 removal) for the three tested samples. Upon storage up to 48 h, no significant regrowth/decay of organisms was observed in the EC-treated samples.

Phosphate removal from source separated urine by electrocoagulation using iron plate electrodes

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 2929-2938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-yong Zheng ◽  
Hai-Nan Kong ◽  
De-yi Wu ◽  
Chong Wang ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Current Density ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Electrolysis Time ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
P Removal

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of current density, gap between electrodes, urine dosage, dilution and hydrolysis on phosphate removal from human urine by electrocoagulation technique using iron as electrodes. It was shown that, although a high current density and a long electrolysis time favored the removal of phosphate, an appropriate value for these two parameters can be obtained by taking into account the consumption of energy and iron in addition to P removal. In this study, current density 40 mA/cm2 and electrolysis time 20 min were shown to be optimal for 1.0 L pure urine to achieve nearly a complete removal (98%) efficiency of phosphate under the conditions of electrode area 160 cm2, the stirring speed 150 rpm, and the gap between electrodes 5 mm. Increase of gap between electrodes had little effect on phosphate removal, although it increased the energy consumption dramatically. The use of a high urine dosage reduced the efficiency of phosphate removal but increased the amount of removed phosphate. When pure urine was diluted with tap water, use of a higher tap water proportion for dilution expedited the electrolysis to achieve a nearly complete removal of phosphate in solution, but dilution caused the increase in energy consumption. It was also revealed that the hydrolysis of urine prior to electrocoagulation treatment impeded phosphate removal.

scholarly journals Bacteriological assessment of tap water collected from different markets of Mymensingh, Gazipur and Sherpur districts of Bangladesh with special focus on the molecular detection and antimicrobial resistance of the isolated Escherichia coli

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Md Shihab Hassan ◽  
SM Lutful Kabir ◽  
Yousuf Ali Sarker ◽  
Md Tanvir Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
E Coli

The objectives of this study were to assess the bacteriological quality of tap water samples obtained from different markets of different upazillas of Mymensingh, Sherpur & Gazipur district. For achieving the above mentioned objectives, methods of heterotrophic plate count (HPC) and total coliform count (TCC) were applied. Moreover, isolated E. coli from tap water samples were characterized by using biochemical test, molecular method and antimicrobial susceptibility tests. HPC was highest in market tap water collected from Kaligonj and TCC was highest in market tap water of collected from Mymensingh sadar. The geometric mean of HPC of Mymensingh, Gazipur and Sherpur districts water was 8.4x105, 2.5 x106 and 6.8 x105 C.F.U/100 ml. All isolates of E. coli (n=20) were amplified by using 16S rRNA gene based PCR. In respect to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, most of the E. coli isolates were susceptible to norfloxacin, ampicilin, tetracycline, streptomycin and ciprofloxacin. Furthermore, a few E. coli isolates were intermediate resistant to gentamycin and ciprofloxacin. However, a few of the E. coli isolates were resistant to erythromycin and amoxycilin. Moreover, out of 20 E. coli isolates 3 (15%) isolates were detected as multidrug resistant. This study indicated the presence of multidrug resistant E. coli isolates in tap water in Mymensingh, Sherpur and Gazipur districts that warrants particular attention. Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2018, 2(1), 21-28

scholarly journals Physico Chemical and Microbial Analysis of Different Sources of Water collected from Indora, Himachal Pradesh, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-95
Author(s):  
Shivali Bhardwaj ◽  
Arup Giri
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Productivity Level ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Hand Pump ◽  
Different Sources

Life could not be imagining without the presence of water on this earth. An ecosystem is very dependent on the quality of water. Regular water quality monitoring is very essential of a region. In the study area, no study has been yet done on the quality of drinking water and productivity level of Beas river near Arni University, Himachal Pradesh, India. The main aim of this study was to determine the water quality of three different sources of water like hand pump water, tap water, and Beas river water. For this, we have collected total twenty-six samples in the month of May 2018 and analysed for pH, TDS, EC, DO, alkalinity, phenolphthalein alkalinity, total hardness, calcium hardness, chloride, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, carbonate, bicarbonate, E. coli, and productivity level by standard methods. The entire analysed parameters showed the lower level than the permissible guideline of the WHO except for the presence of E. coli and higher level of alkalinity. The productivity level of Beas river was indicating that trophic index belonged to the ultra-oligotrophic. From the findings, it might be concluded that hand pump water, tap water, and Beas river water was drinkable except the presence of E. coli and higher level of alkalinity in tap water and river water. However, in the case of the productivity level of Beas river was indicating the very low accumulation of dissolved nutrient salts, and a lower rate of algae growth as the productivity level belonged to the ultra-oligotrophic. Further extensive study on the water minerals and heavy metals level in all the water sources are required in this study area.

scholarly journals A study in the experimental conditions of pesticide action on microorganisms characterizing sanitary-epidemiological safety of reservoirs

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 785-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Aleshnya ◽  
Peter V. Zhuravlev ◽  
O. P. Panasovets
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pesticide Pollution ◽  
Total Coliform Bacteria

The paper presents experimental data on the pesticides action (molinate (OrdramA), Dinitroortocresolum and chlorophos) at concentrations of 0.01 mg /l to 10 mg/l on sanitary-indicative (TBC, total coliform bacteria, E. coli, E. faecalis), potentially pathogenic ( Ps. aeruginosa) and pathogenic (S. Derby) microflora of the river water. As the test cultures there were used isolated from the reservoir and museum strains of microorganisms. Due to the fact that the rate of decomposition ofpesticides in water increases in direct proportion to the extent of its biological contamination, the experiments were performed with the river water: native and sterilized by autoclaving. There were identified species and strain differences in the microbial response to the action of pesticides. The selectivity of OrdramA action at a concentration of 0.1 to 10 mg/l on Salmonella and of chlorophos at a concentration of 10 mg/l for Salmonella and E. coli is manifested in the stimulation of the reproduction of these bacteria. Dinitroortocresolum in concentrations of 10 mg/l and 1 mg/l gives rise in the reproduction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and inhibits the growth of total coliform bacteria and E. coli, in a concentration of 0.1 mg/l the preparation stimulates the viability of all the studied microorganisms. When entering the body of water, pesticides were found to cause changes of biocenosis in the river water and disturb bacterial self-cleaning processes. In conditions of pesticide pollution total coliform bacteria, E. coli and E. faecalis unable to maintain their indicative value and therefore the use of only them for the evaluation of the sanitary-epidemiological status of the water source appears to be insufficient. Due to the fact that the epidemic potential of water is directly dependent on quantitative content ofpathogenic and opportunistic pathogenic microorganisms in it, the reproduction Salmonella and Pseudomonas bacteria is a negative moment from the sanitary and epidemiological point of view.

scholarly journals Detection of Viable but Nonculturable Escherichia coli O157:H7 Bacteria in Drinking Water and River Water

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 1502-1507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanming Liu ◽  
Ainslie Gilchrist ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Xing-Fang Li
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Viable But Nonculturable ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extraction And Purification

ABSTRACT A sensitive method for specific detection of viable Escherichia coli O157:H7 cells, including viable but nonculturable (VBNC) cells, in water samples was developed. This method involved capture of the bacterial cells on a low-protein-binding membrane and direct extraction and purification of RNA followed by reverse transcription-PCR and electronic microarray detection of the rfbE and fliC genes of E. coli O157:H7. It detected as few as 1 CFU of E. coli O157:H7 in diluted cultures, 3 to 4 CFU/liter in tap water, 7 CFU/liter in river water, and 50 VBNC cells in 1 liter of river water, demonstrating the best limit of detection reported to date for VBNC cells in environmental water samples.

scholarly journals Simultaneous use of iron and copper anodes in photoelectro-Fenton process: concurrent removals of dye and cadmium

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 1732-1742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Akbar Babaei ◽  
Farshid Ghanbari ◽  
Reza Jalilzadeh Yengejeh
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Electrolysis Time ◽  
Scavenging Effect ◽  
Phosphate Ion ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Influential Parameters ◽  
Cd Removal

Photoelectro-Fenton (PEF) was carried out for concurrent removals of inorganic and organic pollutants with simultaneous applications of two different anodes (iron and copper). Cadmium and Direct Orange 26 (DO26) were selected as samples of the contaminants of textile wastewater and influential parameters (pH, current density, H2O2 dosage and electrolysis time) of PEF were evaluated on Cd and DO26 removals. Both mechanisms of coagulation and oxidation affected the removal of both pollutants. Optimal conditions were achieved with pH = 4.0, current density of 5 mA/cm2, 3 mM H2O2 and 40 min electrolysis time, and under these conditions, the dye was completely removed and the Cd removal efficiency was about 80%. Unlike H2O2, persulfate had no scavenging effect in high dosages. The effects of different anions and two matrixes (tap water and wastewater) on Cd and dye removals were investigated. The results showed that decolorization was reduced by the phosphate and nitrate ions while chloride ion accelerated the decolorization rate. In terms of Cd removal, no significant change was observed in the presence of the anions except for phosphate ion. The sludge of PEF was assessed by Fourier transform infrared, field emission scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.

scholarly journals Microbial analysis of tap water collected from selected upazillas of Jamalpur, Tangail, Kishoreganj and Netrokona districts of Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-200
Author(s):  
Hosneara Champa ◽  
SM Lutful Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern

The present study was undertaken to analyze the microbial quality of tap water samples obtained from different upazilla markets of Jamalpur, Tangail, Kishoreganj and Netrokona districts. For achieving the above mentioned objectives, 20 tap water samples were collected and the methods of heterotrophic plate count (HPC) and total coliform count (TCC) were applied. Moreover, isolated E. coli from tap water samples were characterized by using biochemical test, molecular method and antimicrobial susceptibility tests. HPC was highest in market tap water collected from Sarishabari of Jamalpur district and TCC was highest in market tap water collected from Durgapur of Netrokona district. The geometric mean of HPC of Jamalpur, Tangail, Kishoreganj and Netrokona districts water were 4.2x107, 2.7x107, 2.4x107 and 4.4x107 CFU/ml respectively. Out of 13 isolates of E. coli, 13 isolates were amplified by using 16S rRNA gene based PCR. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern showed that the isolates were highly resistant to amoxicillin. Most of the E. coli isolates were susceptible to tetracycline, azithromycin, streptomycin, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Furthermore, a few E. coli isolates were intermediate resistant to erythromycin and gentamycin. Moreover, out of 13 E. coli isolates 2 (15.4%) isolates were detected as multidrug resistant. This study indicated the presence of multidrug resistant E. coli isolates in tap water in Jamalpur, Tangail, Kishoreganj and Netrokona districts that warrant particular attention.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2018, 4(2): 193-200

scholarly journals ANALYSIS AND MONITORING OF RIVER WATER QUALITY IN TASIKMALAYA CITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Nurcholis Salman
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
River Water Quality ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The City

The rivers flowing through the City of Tasikmalaya include the Citanduy River, the Ciloseh River, the Ciwulan River and the Cibanjaran River. While the tributaries are the Cibanjaran River which include the Cihideung/ Dalem Suba River, the Cipedes River, the Ciromban River, the Cidukuh River, the Cicacaban River, the Cibadodon River, the Cikalang River, the Tonggong Londok River, the Cibeureum River and the Cimulu River. These rivers flow and empty into the Citanduy River. The aims and objectives of this study are environmental quality monitoring activities, especially the quality of river water in the Tasikmalaya City. To find out in more detail and carefully the level of pollution that occurs, this study aims to conduct water quality monitoring so that the resulting data can determine the source of pollutants that cause deterioration of river water quality. Monitoring was conducted during the rainy season and the dry season. Based on the monitoring, it appears that the river being monitored does not meet the quality standards as a class II water body with varying status ranging from lightly polluted to heavily polluted. Parameters that do not meet quality standards include TSS, BOD, COD, nitrite, Cr6+, Zn, free chlorine, Total Phosphate, oil and fat, E. Coli and Total Coliform.

scholarly journals PENELITIAN KUALITAS AIR SUNGAI BALIAN, TABANAN, BALI TAHUN 2018

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Putu Rahayu Artini ◽  
Desak Putu Risky VA ◽  
Ni Kadek Mona Fujiastuti
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Water Analysis ◽  
Total Dissolve Solid ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
E Coli

ABSTRAK<br />Sungai Balian merupakan sungai yang dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber air bersih dan sarana penyucian serta pengobatan bagi masyarakat. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya upaya pengujian kualitas air sungai Balian. Sampling air Sungai Balian diambil di tiga lokasi, yaitu hulu, tengah, dan hilir. Parameter fisika yang dianalisis adalah suhu, warna dan TDS (Total Dissolve Solid), parameter kimia yang dianalisis adalah pH, BOD5, COD, phosfat, dan nitrat. Sedangkan parameter mikrobiologi yang dianalisis adalah E. coli dan total coliform. Hasil analisis air Sungai Balian bagian hulu memiliki ciri-ciri air keruh tidak berbau dan memiliki kadar TDS 630 ppm, pH 7,23; BOD 8,637; COD 10,231; phosfat 0,122 ppm; nitrat 2,765 ppm; E. Coli 30 MPN/100 mL; dan Total coliform 50 MPN/ 100 mL. Air Sungai Balian bagian tengah memiliki hasil analisis air jernih tidak berbau dan memiliki kadar TDS 550 ppm, pH 7,03; BOD 3,901; COD 7,250; phosfat 0,096 ppm; nitrat 2,232 ppm; E. Coli 15 MPN/100 mL; dan Total coliform 25 MPN/ 100 mL. Sedangkan air Sungai Balian bagian hilir memiliki hasil analisis air agak keruh tidak berbau dan memiliki kadar TDS 510 ppm, pH 7,78; BOD 10,370; COD 20,890; phosfat 0,237 ppm; nitrat 3,163 ppm; E. Coli 89 MPN/100 mL; dan Total coliform 100 MPN/ 100 mL.Berdasarkan Peraturan Gubernur Bali No. 16 Tahun 2016.air Sungai Balian bagian hulu dan hilir dapat dikatagorikan sebagai air kelas III, hal ini dikarenakan parameter BOD yang tinggi yaitu 8,637 ppm dan 10,370 ppm. Untuk air Sungai Balian bagian tengah masuk dalam air kelas II yang peruntukannya untuk air minum setelah dilakukan pengolahan, karena parameter fisika, kimia, dan mikrobiologi tidak melebihi baku mutu air kelas II. Oleh karena itu, berdasarkan hasil uji laboratorium air Sungai Balian bagian tengah masih layak dipergunakan sebagai sarana pembersihan dan pengobatan sesuai kepercayaan masyarakat Hindu.<br />Kata kunci : Sungai Balian, kualitas air, TDS, pH, BOD5, COD, phosfat, nitrat, E. Coli, total coliform.<br />ABSTRACT<br />Balian river is used as a source of clean water, holistic and threatment for the community. The sampling of Balian River, Tabanan, Bali is taken in three locations, upstream, central part, and downstream. Physical parameters analyzed were temperature, color, and TDS (Total Dissolved Solids). Chemistry parameters analyzed were pH, BOD5, COD, phosphate, and nitrate. While the microbiological parameters analyzed were E. coli and total coliform.The upstream Balian River water analysis result has characteristic of turbid odorless water and has TDS 630 ppm, pH 7.23; BOD 8.637; COD 10.231; phosphate 0.122 ppm; nitrate 2.765 ppm; E. Coli 30 MPN / 100 mL; and Total coliform 50 MPN / 100 mL. The central Balian River water has a clear, odorless water analysis and has a TDS content of 550 ppm, pH 7.03; BOD 3.901; COD 7.250; phosphate 0.096 ppm; nitrate 2.232 ppm; E. Coli 15 MPN / 100 mL; and Total coliform 25 MPN / 100 mL. While the downstream Balian River water has a slightly turbid odorless water analysis and has a TDS content of 510 ppm, pH 7.78; BOD 10.370; COD 20.890; phosphate 0.237 ppm; nitrate 3.163 ppm; E. Coli 89 MPN / 100 mL; and Total coliform 100 MPN / 100 mL. Based on the standard, Balian river water upstream and downstream can be classified as class III water, this is because BOD parameters are high that is 8.637 ppm and 10.370 ppm. For the water of Balian River, the middle part is included in class II water which is intended for drinking water after processing, because the parameters of physics, chemistry, and microbiology do not exceed the class II water quality standard. Therefor, based on the results of laboratory test, the central part of Balian Riveris suitable for use as of cleaning and threatment according to the beliefs of the Hindu community.<br />Keyword : Balian River, quality of air, TDS, pH, BOD5, COD, phosphate, nitrate, E. Coli, total coliform

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