scholarly journals Detecting and predicting risks relayed to spread of natural foci infections on flood-affected territories in Irkutsk region

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-104
Author(s):  
N.V. Breneva ◽  
◽  
S.V. Balakhonov ◽  
A.Ya. Nikitin ◽  
I.V. Meltsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Pathogenic Leptospira ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Epizootic Process ◽  
Prevention Activities

In summer 2019 in western Irkutsk region abundant and long rainfall caused a catastrophic flood that became a federal emergency. It resulted in a threat that natural infection foci would be activated in that emergency zone; given that, the Irkutsk Anti-plague Institute, together with Rospotrebnadzor territorial offices and regional veterinary authorities, conducted an epizootologic-epidemiologic study on affected territories in order to detect and predict possible epidemiologic risks. Totally, the study covered 30 socially significant objects and natural biotopes in three mu-nicipal districts in the region. We tested blood serum of people (244 samples), farm and home ani-mals (253), and organs taken from caught small mammals aiming at determining natural foci infec-tions in them with bacteriologic, serologic, and PCR procedures; overall. 4,370 examinations were performed. Share of immune people amounted to 13.1% regarding tularemia; 17.5%, tick-borne en-cephalitis; yersiniosis, 10.8%; leptospirosis, 3.1%; tick-borne borreliosis, 7.1%. Antibodies to pathogenic leptospira were detected in 36.0–81.3% farm animals and it can indicate there is a latent epizootic process. In July 2019 there was low population of synanthropic rodents in socially significant objects on affected territories and small mammals population also decreased in natural foci with high contagion rate for tularemia agent (down to 17.9%). In September 2019 rats were detected to inhabit food-related objects and small mammals migrated actively in natural stations, contagion rate with tularemia agent going down among them whereas there was a growth in conta-gion rate with leptospira (up to 40.0%). We also revealed new natural tularemia and leptospirosis foci. Activity in natural infections foci didn’t exceed long-term average level just after the flood; still, there are persisting risks on affected territories in Irkutsk region that an epidemiologic situation might get worse there. The paper contains recommendations on further epizootologic-epidemiologic monitoring and organizing prevention activities such as control over sanitary situation at socially significant objects, local deratization, and sanitation in natural foci of animal leptospirosis.

scholarly journals Detecting and predicting risks relayed to spread of natural foci infections on flood-affected territories in Irkutsk region

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-104
Author(s):  
N.V. Breneva ◽  
◽  
S.V. Balakhonov ◽  
A.Ya. Nikitin ◽  
I.V. Meltsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Pathogenic Leptospira ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Epizootic Process ◽  
Prevention Activities

In summer 2019 in western Irkutsk region abundant and long rainfall caused a catastrophic flood that became a federal emergency. It resulted in a threat that natural infection foci would be activated in that emergency zone; given that, the Irkutsk Anti-plague Institute, together with Rospotrebnadzor territorial offices and regional veterinary authorities, conducted an epizootologic-epidemiologic study on affected territories in order to detect and predict possible epidemiologic risks. Totally, the study covered 30 socially significant objects and natural biotopes in three mu-nicipal districts in the region. We tested blood serum of people (244 samples), farm and home ani-mals (253), and organs taken from caught small mammals aiming at determining natural foci infec-tions in them with bacteriologic, serologic, and PCR procedures; overall. 4,370 examinations were performed. Share of immune people amounted to 13.1% regarding tularemia; 17.5%, tick-borne en-cephalitis; yersiniosis, 10.8%; leptospirosis, 3.1%; tick-borne borreliosis, 7.1%. Antibodies to pathogenic leptospira were detected in 36.0–81.3% farm animals and it can indicate there is a latent epizootic process. In July 2019 there was low population of synanthropic rodents in socially significant objects on affected territories and small mammals population also decreased in natural foci with high contagion rate for tularemia agent (down to 17.9%). In September 2019 rats were detected to inhabit food-related objects and small mammals migrated actively in natural stations, contagion rate with tularemia agent going down among them whereas there was a growth in conta-gion rate with leptospira (up to 40.0%). We also revealed new natural tularemia and leptospirosis foci. Activity in natural infections foci didn’t exceed long-term average level just after the flood; still, there are persisting risks on affected territories in Irkutsk region that an epidemiologic situation might get worse there. The paper contains recommendations on further epizootologic-epidemiologic monitoring and organizing prevention activities such as control over sanitary situation at socially significant objects, local deratization, and sanitation in natural foci of animal leptospirosis.

scholarly journals Current epidemiological situation on leptospirosis in the territories adjacent to Lake Baikal

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 57-67
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Kiseleva ◽  
V. M. Korzun ◽  
S. A. Borisov ◽  
N. V. Breneva ◽  
A. F. Timoshenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Mass Analyzer ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Pathogenic Leptospira ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
The Mean

Background. In presence the epizootiological situation on leptospirosis in the territories adjacent to Lake Baikal is not studied well. The showing up of natural focus, discovering of host animal’s species composition and etiological structure of leptospirosis causative agents are essential to plan any epidemiological response and to organize the specific prophylaxis.Aim: to analyze contemporary characteristics of leptospirosis natural foci at the territories adjacent to Lake Baikal.Materials and methods. From 2011 till 2020 the territory of nine Irkutsk Region's administrative districts was investigated. Trapping has been done at four kind of sites (wetland, meadow, forest-shrub, steppificated meadow) and boroughs. 1152 small mammals which belonged to 35 species were collected. Collected samples were studied by complex of methods. Serogroup belonging was detected by micro agglutination and decomposition test, and genomic species – by Microflex LT mass analyzer.Results. A leptospirosis natural foci in the Irkutsk city boundary was newly founded and there were isolated (from small mammals) four pathogenic cultures of leptospiras belonging to Javanica serogroup. Main hosts of causative agents at the territories adjacent to Lake Baikal were defined (insect-eating mammals: tundra shrew, largetoothed Siberian shrew, even-toothed shrew, shrew-mouse, and rodents: root vole, ground vole, narrow-skulled vole, sewer rat). By micro agglutination were defined pathogenic leptospirosis serogroups (Icterohaemorrhagiae, Grippotyphosa, Javanica, Pomona, Sejroe, Autumnalis, Australis), all over 2.4 ± 0.45 % seropositive. Antibody dilution at survey animals ranged from 1 : 20 to 1 : 640. On the grounds of PCR results the mean value of infected animals in studied sample was 16.4 ± 1.14 %. Positive PCR findings were at 19 from 35 animal species.Conclusion. At the territories adjacent to Lake Baikal In the Baikal region, the proportion of animals that have had contact with pathogenic leptospira is quite high. Natural focus of this infection are highly pervasive in this region, they are evolved mainly in dewy sites. 

scholarly journals Review of COVID-19 Vaccines and the Risk of Chronic Adverse Events Including Neurological Degeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bart Classen
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Dna Encoding ◽  
Novel Technology ◽  
Human Dna ◽  
Long Term Adverse Effects

Many have argued that the outbreak of COVID-19 is the result of the release of a viral based bioweapon. Vaccines to COVID-19 have been developed and a policy of universal immunization has been initiated with total disregard to the fact that the virus may be a bioweapon. The potential risk of a catastrophe exists in part because all the vaccines contain the spike protein and or the mRNA/DNA encoding for the COVID-19 associated spike protein. These vaccines were designed and placed on the market with little knowledge of how the spike protein or its nucleic acid causes disease and without knowledge of long-term adverse effects of the vaccines. This paper reviews many of the potential long-term risks that could result from receiving one of the COVID-19 vaccines. The potential for the spike protein and its mRNA to cause prion disease is reviewed as well as reasons why the vaccine could be much more dangerous than the natural infection. Adenoviral derived COVID-19 vaccines are particularly risky because of their potential to recombine with human DNA or viruses already in the human recipient. The result could be new infectious adenoviral species containing spike proteins that could infect humans and farm animals used for food. Some of the COVID-19 vaccines utilize novel technology including nanotechnology and novel adjuvants that increase intracellular penetration of cells and can potentially exacerbate chronic toxicity from the spike protein. Governments should consider suspending sale of the COVID-19 vaccines until they have a better understanding of their risks.

scholarly journals Leptospirosis in the Republic of Tatarstan. Epidemiological Features

2021 ◽  
pp. 134-139
Author(s):  
T. A. Savitskaya ◽  
V. A. Trifonov ◽  
I. V. Milova ◽  
G. Sh. Isaeva ◽  
I. D. Reshetnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Monitoring Point ◽  
Environmental Objects ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Epizootic Process ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The study presents a characteristic of the current epidemiological situation on leptospirosis in the Republic of Tatarstan, investigation of the circulation of leptospirosis agents among the population of small mammals, and the species composition of Leptospira that caused diseases in humans.Materials and methods. The paper contains the data on the incidence of leptospirosis among the population in the Russian Federation (RF) for the period between 2000 and 2018, in the Republic of Tatarstan – since 1998, submitted by the Rospotrebnadzor Administrations in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, materials of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Republic of Tatarstan and the Main Veterinary Administration of the Republic of Tatarstan.Results and discussion. We have carried out the analysis of the epidemiological situation in the Republic of Tatarstan for the period of 1998–2018, by the administrative territories of the republic. The incidence of human leptospirosis caused by various leptospira serogroups has been assessed. In total, 112 people got infected with leptospirosis during the analyzed period. Also the data of epizootiological survey of small mammals inhabiting the natural foci of leptospirosis in the republic are presented. Laboratory tests of 1565 samples from mouse-like rodents for the presence of leptospirosis pathogens have been performed. 1.9 % of the tests gave a positive result. Dominant in the Republic of Tatarstan are the serogroups of Leptospira – Leptospira grippotyphosa and L. hebdomadis. The results of laboratory studies on the carriage of leptospira among small mammals and contamination of environmental objects indicate the circulation of pathogens of leptospirosis in the population of small mammals, habitant in forest shrub, near-water and meadow field stations of the republic. The red vole prevails in this community, the average index of its dominance is 66.7 %. Epizootiological monitoring point to a latent epizootic process in the community of mouse-like rodents.

scholarly journals Tick-borne encephalitis virus isolates from natural foci of the Irkutsk region: clarification of the genotype landscape

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Mel’Nikova ◽  
R. V. Adel’Shin ◽  
V. M. Korzun ◽  
Yu. N. Trushina ◽  
E. I. Andaev
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Ixodes Persulcatus ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
High Virulence ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Far Eastern

The Irkutsk region is the unique territory where all known subtypes of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) circulate. In the last years, the phenomenon of changes in TBEV subtypes (substitution of the Far-Eastern subtype by the Siberian one) was noted in some regions of the Russian Federation. The results of individual investigation of 11522 Ixodes persulcatus ticks and brain specimens from 81 small mammals collected in natural foci of the Irkutsk region during 2006-2014 are presented in the article. More than 60 TBEV strains have been isolated and studied by virological methods; E gene fragments (1193 b.p.) of 68 isolates have been typed. The majority of the strains (irrespective of subtype) were of high virulence for laboratory mice (LM) in case of both intracerebral and subcutaneous inoculation of virus. All isolates from warm-blooded small mammals and humans were of high virulence for LM, but placed in the same clusters of the phylogenetic tree with ticks collected in the same area. Tick-borne strains of different virulence also did not form separate clusters on the tree. Phylogenetic analysis showed that modern TBEV genotypic landscape of the studied territory is changing toward absolute predominance of the Siberian subtype (94.1%). This subtype is represented by two groups with prototype strains “Zausaev” and “Vasilchenko”. The “Vasilchenko” group of strains is spread on the whole territory under study; the strains of “Zausaev” group were isolated previously in the Irkutsk suburbs. The European subtype of TBEV circulates in natural foci of Pribaikalie permanently (at least 5% of the random sampling); the strains are of high virulence for LM. The Far-Eastern TBEV subtype was not found within the group of isolates collected in 20062014. The phylogenetic relationship of the strains under study had a higher correlation with the place of isolation than with the year or source.

scholarly journals Epizootic Activity and Epidemic Manifestation of Natural Fod of Tularemia in Voronezh Region

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
T. V. Mikhaylova ◽  
T. N. Demidova ◽  
M. I. Kormilitsyna ◽  
D. A. Kvasov ◽  
A. V. Kozorezov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Common Vole ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Epizootic Process ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Tularemia Vaccine

Tularemia natural foci were investigated in the 15 districts of the Voronezh region. 1533 small mammals of 11 species were captured in 2011, 2014 and 2015 to identify antigen and/or DNA of tularemia pathogen. In all the studied areas there are continuous epizootic of tularemia among small mammals. In the region there are permanent natural meadow-field, floodplain- swamp and forest foci. We can assume the existence of another focus, it is a steppe type. The most active foci observed in Kashirsky, Novokhopyorsky, Petropavlosky and Ramonsky districts. The stability and activity of natural foci is maintained by alternating different biocenoses with different animals and complex pathogen exchange between foci. The most active is meadow-field and floodplain-swamp foci. Common vole is the primary carrier of the infection in the meadow-field foci during the year. In the near-water habitats of the epizootic process in strong support of field mouse and common voles. Varied species composition of small mammals provides a long time functioning and epizootic activity of natural tularemia foci. The epidemiological situation is rather calm and stable for tularemia natural foci in the Voronezh region. In the region registered a low incidence of tularemia population. There has been an increase in the incidence of the urban population. Permanent vaccination and revaccination of the population remains the main preventive anti-epidemic measures against tularemia. The results indicate the functioning and epizootic activity of tularemia natural foci in Voronezh region. It requires constant monitoring of the territory and preventive interventions, primarily vaccination of people live tularemia vaccine.

scholarly journals Influence of Specific Leptospirosis Prevention to Epidemic Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
N. V. Breneva ◽  
V. M. Korzun ◽  
I. V. Meltsov ◽  
A. A. Umanets ◽  
D. Yu. Cusin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Pathogenic Leptospira ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
Standard Base

Aim of the study was to investigate the features of vaccine prevention of leptospirosis and its influence on morbidity.Materials and methods. The incidence of human leptospirosis in the Russian Federation in 1956–2016, 41 cases of disease in Siberia and the Far East in 2012–2016, official Rossel'khoznadzor data, volumes of laboratory studies and vaccination of animals in Primorsk Territory and Irkutsk Region were analyzed. Blood sera from 7315 humans, 2189 dogs, 481 bovine animals and 50 small cattle, 115 pigs, 88 horses were investigated to pathogenic Leptospira antibodies.Results. Essential significance of vaccinal leptospiroses prevention in farm animals and dogs to decrease the epizootic and epidemic process activities is demonstrated. Currently, the epidemic process in Siberia and at the Far East includes only sporadic cases, the immune stratum of the population is 3,7 ± 0,2%. Postvaccinal antibody titres in dogs, pigs and small cattle rarely exceed 1:100 while in bovine animals and horses it can reach 1:800 without disease signs.Conclusion. Human immunization in the antropurgic foci is impractical at effective specific prophylaxis for animals. The standard base for leptospiroses requires improvement. The concept of absolute and relative diagnostic antibody titer in microagglutination test is offered to use in clinical diagnostics. In veterinary the correction of diagnostic titer depending on the animal species and vaccination time is necessary. 

Registration of animal rabies in Krasnodar region

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
Oleg Yu. Chernykh ◽  
◽  
Vadim A. Bobrov ◽  
Sergey N. Zabashta ◽  
Roman A. Krivonos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Epizootic Process ◽  
Krasnodar Region ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Reporting Data

Rabies remains a constant threat to humanity in many parts of the world. At the same time, scientifically grounded antiepizootic measures should be based on the peculiarities of the regional epizootology of this zooanthroponosis. The authors studied the epizootological and statistical reporting data of the Kropotkin Regional Veterinary Laboratory, presented an analysis of the registration of rabies in animals in Krasnodar region. From the obtained data, it should be noted that despite the wide range of animals involved in the epizootic process of rabies infection in Krasnodar region, dogs, cats and foxes play a major role in the reservation and spread of infection, which account for 78.6. Of the total number of registered cases, 15.5% falls on foxes, that indicates the natural focus of the disease, along with the manifestation of the disease in an urban form. At the same time, stray and neglected dogs and cats, which occupy a significant place among the total number of sick animals, are also sources and spread of the infection. Thus farm animals (8.3% of the total number of infected animals) are a biological dead end for the infection. Isolated cases of the disease were noted in muskrat, donkey, raccoon, raccoon dog, marten, ferret and jackal. The authors also established the specific morbidity of various animal species with rabies infection, that is an important aspect in the development and implementation of antiepizootic measures complex

scholarly journals Hepatitis C Virus Dynamics during Natural Infection Are Associated with Long‐Term Histological Outcome of Chronic Hepatitis C Disease

2007 ◽  
Vol 196 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel G. Sullivan ◽  
Dana Bruden ◽  
Heike Deubner ◽  
Susan McArdle ◽  
Minjun Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Virus Dynamics

SOVIET-CHINESE COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF SPORTS AFTER THE NORMALIZATION OF BILATERAL RELATIONS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE IRKUTSK REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-149
Author(s):  
A.V. Surzhko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Ping Pong ◽  
Bilateral Cooperation ◽  
Sports Officials

The article examines the main aspects of Soviet-Chinese cooperation in the field of sports after the normalization of bilateral relations in the late 1980s — early 1990s. Sport was one of the factors that contributed to overcoming the consequences of the thirty-year split between the USSR and the PRC at the state, regional and informal levels. During this period, the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China actively exchanged numerous sports delegations, adopting each other's successful experience in organizing and conducting competitions, as well as training athletes. In the USSR, Chinese national sports were popularized, primarily wushu and ping-pong. More traditional for the Soviet side was football, matches in which Soviet and Chinese athletes repeatedly played. Also, the article reveals some economic aspects of sports bilateral cooperation. A common thing for this period was the conclusion of various kinds of agreements and contracts at the interregional level, including those related to the sports component. The personal role of regional party functionaries, sports officials and athletes in the development of Soviet-Chinese relations is shown. There is a certain continuity between the perestroika period and the "golden age" of Soviet-Chinese cooperation in the 1950s. The experience of cooperation in sports gained at the end of perestroika had a beneficial effect on the development of Russian-Chinese relations in the 1990s. The study is carried out on the example of the Irkutsk region, which, due to objective reasons, has developed long-term and strong relations with a number of Chinese cities. The main source of the research was the Irkutsk regional periodicals.

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