TAXIS AND INTERCATEGORICAL INCLUSION

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Category ◽  
Field Structure ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
Functional Grammar ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Integrating Factor

The issue of research interest is the question of intercategorical interaction of the functional-semantic category of taxis and “distant” functional-semantic categories of conditionality, causality, concessivity, consecutiveness, instrumentality and finality. The poly-categorical semantic complexes distinguished in functional grammar can be constituted as “close” and “non-close” or “far from each other” functional-semantic categories that have a field structure. The above-mentioned functional-semantic categories or fields are in relation to intercategory inclusion. The phenomenon of intercategorical inclusion is an integrating factor in the constitution of poly-categorical taxis semantic syncret subcomplexes that actualize secondary-taxis categorical situations of simultaneity in statements with monotaxis and polytaxis prepositions of instrumental, causal, concessive, consecutive, conditional and final semantics. Due to the intercategorical inclusion of the taxis category with "non-close" functional-semantic categories or fields with an adverbial-predicative core, we distinguish such semantic syncret-subcomplexes of simultaneity as: (1) instrumental-taxis; (2) causal taxis; (3) conditional taxis; (3) concessive taxis; (4) consecutive taxis; (5) final taxis. The phenomenon of intercategorical inclusion determines the actualization of various secondary-taxis categorical situations of simultaneity (instrumental-taxis, causal-taxis, concessive-taxis, concessive-taxis, final-taxis), including interconnected polycategorical-taxis situations in semantic representing the above-mentioned taxis semantic syncret subcomplexes.

scholarly journals MemCat: A new category-based image set quantified on memorability

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lore Goetschalckx ◽  
Johan Wagemans
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Semantic Category ◽  
Source Image ◽  
Behavioral Correlates ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Visual Hierarchy ◽  
Image Set ◽  
High Level ◽  
Repeat Detection

This is a preprint. Please find the published, peer reviewed version of the paper here: https://peerj.com/articles/8169/. Images differ in their memorability in consistent ways across observers. What makes an image memorable is not fully understood to date. Most of the current insight is in terms of high-level semantic aspects, related to the content. However, research still shows consistent differences within semantic categories, suggesting a role for factors at other levels of processing in the visual hierarchy. To aid investigations into this role as well as contributions to the understanding of image memorability more generally, we present MemCat. MemCat is a category-based image set, consisting of 10K images representing five broader, memorability-relevant categories (animal, food, landscape, sports, and vehicle) and further divided into subcategories (e.g., bear). They were sampled from existing source image sets that offer bounding box annotations or more detailed segmentation masks. We collected memorability scores for all 10K images, each score based on the responses of on average 99 participants in a repeat-detection memory task. Replicating previous research, the collected memorability scores show high levels of consistency across observers. Currently, MemCat is the second largest memorability image set and the largest offering a category-based structure. MemCat can be used to study the factors underlying the variability in image memorability, including the variability within semantic categories. In addition, it offers a new benchmark dataset for the automatic prediction of memorability scores (e.g., with convolutional neural networks). Finally, MemCat allows to study neural and behavioral correlates of memorability while controlling for semantic category.

The Theory of Self-Identification and Categorical Research Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
С. Попей-олл ◽  
S. Popey-oll
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Category ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Categorical Method ◽  
Rapid Transformation ◽  
Social Level

This article presents a categorical method for analyzing the complex processes of personal identity. Human experiences are a result of conscious generalizations that dominate culture and are fixed in semantic categories. The rapid transformation of society fragments a life into many identifying parameters. Therefore, «a self-concept» and a semantic category of being may not be consistent with each other. The harmonious level of self-organization is manifested in the sensory coherence of people: an intention and an expectation. And fragmentation is a chaos of self-awareness and loss of an emotional stability. In a complicating society, the identity of a person becomes multiple and ambiguous. These studies will determine not only the social level of human self-organization, but begin the search for a method to maintain them. The article attempts to consider a categorical method for analyzing the self-identification properties of a people.

scholarly journals Contact-Induced Change in an Oceanic Language: The Paluai – Tok Pisin Case

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dineke Schokkin
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Semantic Category ◽  
Processes Of Change ◽  
Functional Elements ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Creole Languages ◽  
Substrate Influence

Many studies have focused on substrate influence on the creole languages of Melanesia – Tok Pisin, Solomons Pijin and Bislama. The same cannot be said with regard to influence in the opposite direction: contact-induced change occurring in local vernaculars due to pressure from the creole. This paper presents a case study of several instances of structural borrowing and semantic category change in Paluai, an Oceanic language spoken in Papua New Guinea. It is shown that a number of functional elements originating from Tok Pisin are now firmly embedded in Paluai grammar: two verbs, gat and inap, and a conjunction, taim. Moreover, semantic categories are undergoing change and possibly attrition due to many-to-one correspondences. This suggests that it is important to view language contact situations as dynamic and involving two-way processes of change.

The co-occurrence of multisensory facilitation and cross-modal conflict in the human brain

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (6) ◽  
pp. 2896-2909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreea Oliviana Diaconescu ◽  
Claude Alain ◽  
Anthony Randal McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Multisensory Processing ◽  
Semantic Relatedness ◽  
Semantic Category ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Task Instructions ◽  
Specific Object ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
Multisensory Processes

Perceptual objects often comprise a visual and auditory signature that arrives simultaneously through distinct sensory channels, and cross-modal features are linked by virtue of being attributed to a specific object. Continued exposure to cross-modal events sets up expectations about what a given object most likely “sounds” like, and vice versa, thereby facilitating object detection and recognition. The binding of familiar auditory and visual signatures is referred to as semantic, multisensory integration. Whereas integration of semantically related cross-modal features is behaviorally advantageous, situations of sensory dominance of one modality at the expense of another impair performance. In the present study, magnetoencephalography recordings of semantically related cross-modal and unimodal stimuli captured the spatiotemporal patterns underlying multisensory processing at multiple stages. At early stages, 100 ms after stimulus onset, posterior parietal brain regions responded preferentially to cross-modal stimuli irrespective of task instructions or the degree of semantic relatedness between the auditory and visual components. As participants were required to classify cross-modal stimuli into semantic categories, activity in superior temporal and posterior cingulate cortices increased between 200 and 400 ms. As task instructions changed to incorporate cross-modal conflict, a process whereby auditory and visual components of cross-modal stimuli were compared to estimate their degree of congruence, multisensory processes were captured in parahippocampal, dorsomedial, and orbitofrontal cortices 100 and 400 ms after stimulus onset. Our results suggest that multisensory facilitation is associated with posterior parietal activity as early as 100 ms after stimulus onset. However, as participants are required to evaluate cross-modal stimuli based on their semantic category or their degree of congruence, multisensory processes extend in cingulate, temporal, and prefrontal cortices.

scholarly journals EMOTIVE-EXPRESSIVE-CAUSATIVE SEMANTIC SUBCOMPLEX

2019 ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Nadezhda P. Siutkina ◽  
◽  
Svetlana V. Shustova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional State ◽  
Interpersonal Interaction ◽  
Functional Grammar ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Emotional Interaction

In this article, from the standpoint of functional grammar, the category of emotive causatives is analyzed, by which we mean the verbs of interpersonal interaction, realizing their meaning in the categorical situation of causation and modification of emotional interaction. In speech, we observe the interaction of categorical elements of the utterance, which actualize various categories. In this case, we observe the functioning of a categorical semantic complex - a set of semantic categories functionally united by a common intentionality. We analyze the situation of modification of the mental sphere in the object of causation, namely, the causation of emotional modification, therefore we single out the emotive-causative categorical complex. The main content of the complex is the actualization of a positive or negative modification of the emotional state of the object of causation, and it is implemented by two categorical semes: emotive seme and cause seme. The category of expressiveness interacts with the category of emotive causatives in speech, therefore, we single out the emotive-expressive-causative categorical semantic subcomplex. When implementing such a subcomplex, the causer has an effect on the object of causation in order to change its emotional state. The result of causation in the situation of emotional modification lies in the meaning of the verb - the emotive causative.

scholarly journals No fruits without color: Cross-modal priming and EEG reveal different roles for different features across semantic categories

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0234219
Author(s):  
Georgette Argiris ◽  
Raffaella I. Rumiati ◽  
Davide Crepaldi
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Semantic Category ◽  
N400 Effect ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Natural Entities ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Orientation Feature

Category-specific impairments witnessed in patients with semantic deficits have broadly dissociated into natural and artificial kinds. However, how the category of food (more specifically, fruits and vegetables) fits into this distinction has been difficult to interpret, given a pattern of deficit that has inconsistently mapped onto either kind, despite its intuitive membership to the natural domain. The present study explores the effects of a manipulation of a visual sensory (i.e., color) or functional (i.e., orientation) feature on the consequential semantic processing of fruits and vegetables (and tools, by comparison), first at the behavioral and then at the neural level. The categorization of natural (i.e., fruits/vegetables) and artificial (i.e., utensils) entities was investigated via cross–modal priming. Reaction time analysis indicated a reduction in priming for color-modified natural entities and orientation-modified artificial entities. Standard event-related potentials (ERP) analysis was performed, in addition to linear classification. For natural entities, a N400 effect at central channel sites was observed for the color-modified condition compared relative to normal and orientation conditions, with this difference confirmed by classification analysis. Conversely, there was no significant difference between conditions for the artificial category in either analysis. These findings provide strong evidence that color is an integral property to the categorization of fruits/vegetables, thus substantiating the claim that feature-based processing guides as a function of semantic category.

scholarly journals The Fast-Mapping Abilities of Adults With Developmental Language Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 3117-3129
Author(s):  
Karla K. McGregor ◽  
Nichole Eden ◽  
Timothy Arbisi-Kelm ◽  
Jacob Oleson
Keyword(s):  
Language Disorder ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Semantic Category ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Developmental Language Disorder ◽  
Fast Mapping ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Mapping Condition

Purpose The aim of the study was to determine the integrity of fast mapping among adults with developmental language disorder (DLD). Method Forty-eight adults with DLD or typical language development (TD) were presented with 24 novel words and photos of their unfamiliar referents from the semantic categories of mammal, bird, fruit, or insect in two conditions. In the fast-mapping condition, 12 of the 24 unfamiliar referents were presented, one at a time alongside a familiar referent (e.g., a dog) and a question (e.g., Is the tail of the torato up? ). In the explicit-encoding condition, the other 12 unfamiliar referents were presented alone, one at a time, with a label (e.g., This is a spimer ). Immediately after exposure (T1) and again after a 1-day interval (T2), memory for the word-to-exemplar link was measured with a three-alternative forced-choice test, requiring the participant to match a spoken word to one of three pictured referents from the training set. At T2, memory for semantic category information was measured with a four-alternative forced-choice test, requiring the participant to match a spoken word to one of four prototypical silhouettes representing each of the semantic categories. Results Performance on word-to-exemplar link recognition was stronger for words learned in the explicit-encoding than the fast-mapping condition and stronger for the TD group than the DLD group. Time was not a significant factor as both groups maintained posttraining levels of performance after a 1-day retention interval. Performance on semantic category recognition was stronger for words learned in the explicit-encoding than the fast-mapping condition and stronger for the TD group than the DLD group. The lower category recognition performance of the DLD group was related to their lower nonverbal IQ scores. Conclusion Contexts that allow for explicit encoding yield better learning of word-to-referent links than contexts that allow for fast mapping in both stronger and weaker learners. Adults with DLD have difficulty learning the link between words and referents, whether trained via fast mapping or explicit encoding and whether tested with exemplar or category referents. Retention is a relative strength for adults with DLD. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12765551

scholarly journals MemCat: a new category-based image set quantified on memorability

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e8169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lore Goetschalckx ◽  
Johan Wagemans
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Semantic Category ◽  
Source Image ◽  
Behavioral Correlates ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Visual Hierarchy ◽  
Image Set ◽  
High Level ◽  
Repeat Detection

Images differ in their memorability in consistent ways across observers. What makes an image memorable is not fully understood to date. Most of the current insight is in terms of high-level semantic aspects, related to the content. However, research still shows consistent differences within semantic categories, suggesting a role for factors at other levels of processing in the visual hierarchy. To aid investigations into this role as well as contributions to the understanding of image memorability more generally, we present MemCat. MemCat is a category-based image set, consisting of 10K images representing five broader, memorability-relevant categories (animal, food, landscape, sports, and vehicle) and further divided into subcategories (e.g., bear). They were sampled from existing source image sets that offer bounding box annotations or more detailed segmentation masks. We collected memorability scores for all 10 K images, each score based on the responses of on average 99 participants in a repeat-detection memory task. Replicating previous research, the collected memorability scores show high levels of consistency across observers. Currently, MemCat is the second largest memorability image set and the largest offering a category-based structure. MemCat can be used to study the factors underlying the variability in image memorability, including the variability within semantic categories. In addition, it offers a new benchmark dataset for the automatic prediction of memorability scores (e.g., with convolutional neural networks). Finally, MemCat allows the study of neural and behavioral correlates of memorability while controlling for semantic category.

scholarly journals Τemporal irreality in phraseology of the мodern greek language

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-177
Author(s):  
I. V. Tresorukova
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Semantic Category ◽  
Greek Language ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
Linguistic Model ◽  
Cultural Codes ◽  
The World

 The paper deals with the semantic category of temporal irreality, based on the phraseological units (PUs) of the Modern Greek language. The phraseology as an anthropocentric linguistics sphere uses the phenomena of the surrounding world, including temporality, which are perceived through the prism of the national linguistic picture of the world. The linguistic model of perception and reproduction of unreality is expressed in grammatical and semantic categories. Structural PUs’ components form specific images of the linguistic picture of the world of the native speaker of the Modern Greek language, associated with extra-linguistic and linguistic factors. The author uses the continuous sampling method and analyzes various components related to different cultural codes. As a result the systematic nature of syntactic models of PUs reveals a certain typology of the methods of their formation. The article is intended for specialists in the field of studying and teaching the Greek language and can be used in comparative and typological studies of the Balkan studies.

Semantic category and situation aspect in the Biblical Hebrew Niphal and Hitpael

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Richard C. Benton
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Category ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Biblical Hebrew ◽  
Motion Verbs ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Derivational Morphology ◽  
Semitic Languages ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Additional Dimension ◽  
Situation Aspect

Abstract A clear distinction between the Niphal and Hitpael derivational morphology in Biblical Hebrew has eluded scholars. Traditionally, they have been distinguished according to voice (passive and middle) and reflexivity, where the Niphal tends more to express the former and the Hitpael, the latter. These categories result in significant overlap between these verbal forms, however. To fill attempt to fill this gap, the present study examines the complex relationship between the situation aspect, namely, State, Activity, and Accomplishment, of these verbal forms and the semantic category of verbal roots, both of which contribute to the meaning of a given verb. The Niphal tends consistently towards the situation aspect of State, and the Hitpael towards Activity, as I showed previously (Benton 2009). This paper delves additionally into Accomplishments as a compound aspect of an Activity followed by a State, and it shows that the Hitpael expresses the first phase and the Niphal, the second. The semantic categories in this study include denominal, deadjectival, and motion verbs. The verbal forms consistently follow their situation aspect in all the semantic categories of this study, but, significantly, the semantic category of these verbs imposes an additional dimension of meaning, further distinguishing between the two verbal forms. Authors can combine roots and derivational morphology for stylistic effect. Finally, the article suggests areas where the intersection of morphology, situation aspect, and semantic category can aid linguistic analysis in Biblical Hebrew and other Semitic languages.

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