Circulating Biomarkers for Tumor Angiogenesis: Where Are We?

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (14) ◽  
pp. 2361-2380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Di Paolo ◽  
Marta Colletti ◽  
Valentina Ferruzzi ◽  
Ida Russo ◽  
Angela Galardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Circulating Biomarkers ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Invasive Strategy ◽  
Angiogenic Therapy ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Clinical Benefits

Background: In recent years, several anti-angiogenic drugs have been developed and their addition to standard treatment has been associated with clinical benefits. However, the response to anti-angiogenic therapy is characterized by considerable variability. In this context, the development of dynamic non-invasive biomarkers would be helpful to elucidate the emergence of anti-angiogenic resistance as well as to correctly address the treatment. Objectives: The purpose of this review is to describe current reports on circulating diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers related to angiogenesis. We further discuss how this non-invasive strategy could improve the monitoring of tumor treatment and help clinical strategy. Results: We discuss the latest evidence in the literature regarding circulating anti-angiogenic markers. Besides growth factor proteins, different circulating miRNAs could exert a pro- or anti-angiogenic activity so as to represent suitable candidates for a non-invasive strategy. Recent reports indicate that tumor-derived exosomes, which are small membrane vesicles abundant in biological fluids, also have an impact on vascular remodeling. Conclusion: Numerous circulating biomarkers related to angiogenesis have been recently identified. Their use will allow identifying patients who are more likely to benefit from a specific anti-angiogenic treatment, as well as detecting those who will develop resistance and/or adverse effects. Nonetheless, further studies are required to elucidate the role of these biomarkers in clinical settings.

scholarly journals Clinical Translatability of “Identified” Circulating miRNAs for Diagnosing Breast Cancer: Overview and Update

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grimaldi ◽  
Incoronato
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Circulating Biomarkers ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Circulating Micrornas ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Free Search

The effective management of patients with breast cancer (BC) depends on the early diagnosis of the disease. Currently, BC diagnosis is based on diagnostic imaging and biopsy, while the use of non-invasive circulating biomarkers for diagnosis remains an unmet need. Among the plethora of proposed non-invasive biomarkers, circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been considered promising diagnostic molecules because they are very stable in biological fluids and easily detectable. Although the discovery of miRNAs has opened a new avenue for their clinical application, the clinical translatability of these molecules remains unclear. This review analyses the role of circulating miRNAs as BC diagnostic biomarkers and focuses on two essential requirements to evaluate their clinical validity: i) Specificity and ii) consistent expression between the blood and tissue. These two issues were analyzed in depth using the Human miRNA Disease Database (HMDD v3.0) and the free search engine PubMed. One hundred and sixty three BC-associated miRNAs were selected and analyzed for their specificity among all human pathologies that shared deregulation (291) and consistent expression in the bloodstream and the tissue. In addition, we provide an overview of the current clinical trials examining miRNAs in BC. In conclusion, we highlight pitfalls in the translatability of circulating miRNAs into clinical practice due to the lack of specificity and a consistent expression pattern between the tissue and blood.

scholarly journals Extraction of Exosomes from Glioblastoma Multiforme Patients’ Blood Plasma

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-238
Author(s):  
I. F. Gareev ◽  
O. A. Beylerli ◽  
Sh. Zhao ◽  
G. Yang ◽  
J. Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Experimental Protocol ◽  
Malignant Brain Tumour ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis

Introduction. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive form of primary malignant brain tumour in adults associated with a poor prognosis. Exosomes have been shown to be useful non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of tumours, GBM included. Exosomes play a role of biological carriers which can perform various tasks through various signalling pathways of carcinogenesis, such as PI3K/AKT, SOX2, PTEN, ERK and STAT3.Materials and methods. Exosomes were isolated from blood plasma taken from patients diagnosed with GBM prior to surgical resection.Results and discussion. Plasma exosomes from patients with GBM had spherical shape and varied in size from 40 to 100 nm matching the exosomes’ morphological characteristics. The combination of ultrafiltration and double ultracentrifugation makes it possible to extract exosome examples from plasma without the presence of contaminating particles over 100 nm in size; the shape and size of these vesicles match the characteristics of exosomes isolated from other biological fluids.Conclusion. The experimental protocol for the extraction of exosomes from GBM patients’ plasma described here proves effective as a method used to ensure the purity of exosomes. Applying this method offers further opportunities for research into the role of exosomes in GBM pathogenesis. Equally this method can be used in research involving other human pathologies.

scholarly journals Role of Circulating Biomarkers in Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13650
Author(s):  
Carolina Maria Sassu ◽  
Innocenza Palaia ◽  
Serena Maria Boccia ◽  
Giuseppe Caruso ◽  
Giorgia Perniola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Gynecological Cancer ◽  
Circulating Biomarkers ◽  
Tumor Biopsy ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Platinum Resistant ◽  
New Biomarkers

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the second most common cause of death in women with gynecological cancer. Considering the poor prognosis, particularly in the case of platinum-resistant (PtR) disease, a huge effort was made to define new biomarkers able to help physicians in approaching and treating these challenging patients. Currently, most data can be obtained from tumor biopsy samples, but this is not always available and implies a surgical procedure. On the other hand, circulating biomarkers are detected with non-invasive methods, although this might require expensive techniques. Given the fervent hope in their value, here we focused on the most studied circulating biomarkers that could play a role in PtR OC.

scholarly journals Exosomal Long NonCoding Rnas as Cancer Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-304
Author(s):  
O. A. Beylerli ◽  
I. F. Gareev ◽  
V. N. Pavlov ◽  
Zhao Shiguang ◽  
Chen Xin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Bodily Fluids ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Extensive study of extracellular vesicles began about ten years ago. Exosomes are extracellular membrane vesicles 30–100 nm in diameter secreted by various types of cells and present in most biological fluids. For a long time they were considered non-functional cellular components. However, it has been proven that they serve as a means of intercellular exchange of information. They can move bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, RNA, and DNA. Several studies have shown that their contents, including proteins and non-coding nucleic acids, may be of particular interest as biomarkers of diseases. The most promising of all these molecules are non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). LncRNAs are a large group of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) longer than 200 nucleotides. As regulatory factors lncRNAs play an important role in complex cellular processes, such as apoptosis, growth, differentiation, proliferation, etc. Despite many advances in diagnosis and treatment (surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy), cancer remains one of the most important public healthcare problems worldwide. Every day brings a better understanding of the role of exosomes in the development of cancer and metastases. Liquid biopsy has been developed as a method for the detection of cancer at an early stage. This is a series of minimally invasive tests of bodily fluids offering the advantage of real-time tracking of the tumour development. In fact, circulating exosomal lncRNAs have been found to be closely linked to processes of oncogenesis, metastasis and treatment. In this paper we review current studies into the functional role of exosomal lncRNAs in cancer and discuss their potential clinical use as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancer.

scholarly journals The Role of Quantitative Electroencephalography in Psychiatry

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
T. Rodrigues ◽  
I. Saavedra
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Quantitative Electroencephalography ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Prediction Of Response ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Numerous Data

Background:The more recent advances in the field of Neurosciences include the study of abnormal pathophysiological findings in patients suffering from Psychiatric disorders. Several new brain imaging technologies are conveying numerous data concerning structural and functional abnormalities in such patients.Aims:To provide an overview of the role of quantitative Electroencephalography (qEEG) in Psychiatry.Methods:Review of the literature.Results:Among the various imaging studies, the application of three-dimensional qEEG may be the most practical and economic alternative. The qEEG consists in the statistical analysis of the EEG parameters, with computer-treated data. It is a portable, radiation-free, non-invasive method that measures excitatory and inhibitory cortical neuronal activity directly.Conclusion:The latest literature regarding the potential role of the qEEG in Psychiatry debates its applicability in clinical settings. Several authors have been trying to evaluate its usefulness in clinical diagnosis and prediction of response to medication. We review the possible recommendations for the use of this test and the controversies surrounding them.

scholarly journals The Functional Role of microRNAs in the Pathogenesis of Tauopathy

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2262
Author(s):  
Domenico Praticò
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Tau Protein ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Corticobasal Degeneration ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Master Regulators ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Tauopathies are neurodegenerative disorders which include Alzheimer’s disease, Pick’s disease, corticobasal degeneration, and progressive supranuclear palsy among others. Pathologically, they are characterized by the accumulation of highly phosphorylated and aggregated tau protein in different brain regions. Currently, the mechanisms responsible for their pathogenesis are not known, and for this reason, there is no cure. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are abundantly present in the central nervous system where they act as master regulators of pathways considered important for tau post-translational modifications, metabolism, and clearance. Although in recent years, several miRNAs have been reported to be altered in tauopathy, we still do not know whether these changes contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, or are secondary events following the development of tau neuropathology. Additionally, since miRNAs are relatively stable in biological fluids and their measurement is easy and non-invasive, these small molecules hold the potential to function as biomarkers for tauopathy. Herein, we showcase recent findings on the biological link between miRNAs and the pathogenesis of tauopathy, and present emerging evidence supporting their role as biomarkers and targets for novel therapies against them.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs as biomarkers for clinical studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 243 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor P Pogribny
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Health Care Cost ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Disease Indicators

The development of better diagnostic and prognostic non-invasive biomarkers holds an enormous potential to improve the ability to diagnose and individualize treatment of a great number of human diseases and substantially reduce health care cost. The discovery of a fundamental role of microRNAs in the disease pathogenesis and their presence and stability in biological fluids has led to extensive investigation of the role of microRNAs as potential non-invasive biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. The result of this research has suggested that alterations of microRNAs may be sensitive indicators of various pathologies; however, despite the indisputable progress in this field, the diagnostic promise of microRNAs has remained a work in progress, and circulating microRNAs have not entered the field of clinical medicine yet. Commonly reported microRNAs as disease biomarkers are largely not disease-specific and the results are often contradicting in independent studies. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of microRNAs as disease indicators and emphasizes the current gaps, challenges, and questions that need to be addressed in future well-designed and well-controlled studies for a successful translation of microRNA profiling into clinically meaningful tests. Impact statement This review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of circulating miRNAs as clinical diagnostic biomarkers and highlights the challenges that need to be addressed in future studies for a successful translation of circulating miRNAs into a novel diagnostic tool.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum: novel concept of pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of Devic’s disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (46) ◽  
pp. 2101-2109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Csécsei ◽  
Anita Trauninger ◽  
Sámuel Komoly ◽  
Zsolt Illés
Keyword(s):  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Water Channel ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Permanent Disability ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
The Brain

The identification of autoantibodies generated against the brain isoform water channel aquaporin4 in the sera of patients, changed the current diagnostic guidelines and concept of neuromyelitis optica (NMO). In a number of cases, clinical manifestation is spatially limited to myelitis or relapsing optic neuritis creating a diverse. NMO spectrum. Since prevention of relapses provides the only possibility to reduce permanent disability, early diagnosis and treatment is mandatory. In the present study, we discuss the potential role of neuroimaging and laboratory tests in differentiating the NMO spectrum from other diseases, as well as the diagnostic procedures and therapeutic options. We also present clinical cases, to provide examples of different clinical settings, diagnostic procedures and therapeutic decisions.

Multilingual interactions in clinical dental education: A focus on mediated interpreting

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-210
Author(s):  
Susan M. Bridges ◽  
Cynthia K.Y. Yiu ◽  
Colman P. McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Staff Development ◽  
Healthcare Team ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Clinical Communication ◽  
Dental Surgery ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Medical Interpreting ◽  
Essential Resource ◽  
Intercultural Mediators

In clinical dental consultations in multilingual contexts, medical interpreting is often performed by the supporting staff as part of routine triadic formulations. As academic dentistry becomes increasingly internationalised, issues of language and culture add to the interactional complexity of clinical communication and education. A multivariate approach was adopted to investigate one case of multilingualism in dentistry in Asia. Collection of both survey (n=86) and interactional data provided empirical evidence regarding language use and language demands across integrated Polyclinics. Descriptive statistics of Dental Surgery Assistant (DSA) perception data and conversation analysis (CA) of mediated interpretation indicate that, as members of the oral healthcare team, DSAs in Hong Kong are an essential resource in their role of intercultural mediators between patients and clinicians, both staff and students. Discussion of sociolinguistic notions of place-as-location and place-as-meaning supports a wider conceptualisation of the role of support staff as interpreters in clinical settings. Implications are drawn for policy, curriculum and staff development.

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