Molecular Targets of Phytochemicals for Skin Inflammation

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (14) ◽  
pp. 1533-1550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Eun Kim ◽  
Ki Won Lee
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Skin Inflammation ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Aesthetic Appearance ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Skin Conditions ◽  
Effects Of Aging

Skin is a protective organ and the largest of the human body. Due to its pivotal role in aesthetic appearance, skin health has a significant impact on quality of life. Chronic inflammation of the skin often marks the beginning of various skin diseases. Immune-mediated responses serve to protect the body from external insults and require succinct control, and can lead to ongoing cellular damage and various skin conditions if left unchecked. Studies have shown that phytochemicals can alter processes involved in skin inflammation and alleviate the effects of aging, cancer, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and vitiligo. Direct molecular targets of some phytochemicals have been identified and their precise mechanisms of action investigated. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the effects of phytochemicals on skin inflammation and the mechanisms of action involved.

scholarly journals Effect of Ayurvedic Formulation Orally and Karanj tail locally in the management of Vicharchika WSR to Eczema –A case study.

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Subhash B. Jamdhade ◽  
Dr.Swati. S. Tayade ◽  
Dr. S. K. Jaiswal ◽  
Dr. Pradnya. S. Jamdhade
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disorder ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
The Body ◽  
Broad Term ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Chronic Skin ◽  
Skin Conditions ◽  
Almost All

Skin is the largest and important organ of the body .A number of skin conditions last a long time. some may start in childhood and continue into adulthood. In ayurveda the word Kushta is broad term which cover almost all skin disorder. Skin is the Largest Organ of Human Body. all the skin diseases in Ayurveda have been Classified under the broad heading of” Kushta’ which are furthur Classified in to Mahakushta and Kshudra kushta.                   Vicharchika is defined under kshudra kushta. Vicharchika is kaphapradhan vyadhi it can be correlate with eczema in modern medicine. Eczema is a condition where in patches of skin become inflamed,itchy,cracked,and rough.some types can also cause blisters. . In adults, Eczema appear anywhere, mostly Hand and foot . the affected skin may be blakish ,eruptive .In Ayurvedic terminology symptom of विचर्चिका- १)सकण्डु पिडका श्यावा बहुस्त्रावा   विचर्चिका|| “च.चि.७/२६,यो.र/भा.प्र.५४/२७ vicharchika are  1) Kandu(itching), 2) Shyavata (blackish discolouration), 3)Pidaka (erruption),  4)Bahustrava (disharge), 5)Ruja(pain), 6)Rajyo(marked lining due to thickness of lesion), 7) Rukshata (dryness). Chronic skin conditions typically aren’t curable  but  they can managed using drugs. In spite of presence of antibiotic, antihistamines, steroids etc, the skin disorder remains refractory to treatment But Ayurveda is the repository of skin remedies which are therapeutically safe and effectiveness. In ayurveda there are various drugs formulation mentioned in samhita which show significant effect on vicharchika.

scholarly journals New Molecular Targets for Antidepressant Drugs

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 894
Author(s):  
Johannes Kornhuber ◽  
Erich Gulbins
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Severe Mental Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
Peripheral Markers

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common and severe mental disorder that is usually recurrent and has a high risk of suicide. This disorder manifests not only with psychological symptoms but also multiple changes throughout the body, including increased risks of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Peripheral markers of oxidative stress and inflammation are elevated. MDD is therefore best described as a multisystem whole-body disease. Pharmacological treatment with antidepressants usually requires several weeks before the desired effects manifest. Previous theories of depression, such as the monoamine or neurogenesis hypotheses, do not explain these characteristics well. In recent years, new mechanisms of action have been discovered for long-standing antidepressants that also shed new light on depression, including the sphingolipid system and the receptor for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).

scholarly journals Desmoglein-4 Deficiency Exacerbates Psoriasiform Dermatitis in Rats While Psoriasis Patients Displayed a Decreased Gene Expression of DSG4

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Moreno-Sosa ◽  
María Belén Sánchez ◽  
Elisa Olivia Pietrobon ◽  
Juan Manuel Fernandez-Muñoz ◽  
Felipe Carlos Martín Zoppino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Skin Inflammation ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Healthy Cohort ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
Inflammatory Changes ◽  
The Impact

Desmogleins are involved in cell adhesion conferring structural skin integrity. However, their role in inflammation has been barely studied, and whether desmoglein-4 modulates psoriasis lesions is completely unknown. In this study, we assessed the impact of desmoglein-4 deficiency on the severity of imiquimod (IMQ)-induced skin inflammation and psoriasiform lesions. To this end, desmoglein-4−/− Oncins France Colony A (OFA) with Sprague–Dawley (SD) genetic background were used. Additionally, human RNA-Seq datasets from psoriasis (PSO), atopic dermatitis (AD), and a healthy cohort were analyzed to obtain a desmosome gene expression overview. OFA rats displayed an intense skin inflammation while SD showed only mild inflammatory changes after IMQ treatment. We found that IMQ treatment increased CD3+ T cells in skin from both OFA and SD, being higher in desmoglein-4-deficient rats. In-depth transcriptomic analysis determined that PSO displayed twofold less DSG4 expression than healthy samples while both, PSO and AD showed more than three-fold change expression of DSG3 and DSC2 genes. Although underlying mechanisms are still unknown, these results suggest that the lack of desmoglein-4 may contribute to immune-mediated skin disease progression, promoting leukocyte recruitment to skin. Although further research is needed, targeting desmoglein-4 could have a potential impact on designing new biomarkers for skin diseases.

scholarly journals IMPORTANCE OF REPEATED SHODHANA IN KITIBHA KUSHTA (PSORIASIS) A CASE STUDY

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Sneha Patil ◽  
Prashanth Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Present Case Report ◽  
Chronic Skin ◽  
Skin Conditions ◽  
Present Case Study

Introduction: Skin conditions adversely affect one’s physical and emotional well-being, thereby causing negative impact on one’s own quality of life. In Ayurveda Kushta is the term used to denote different varieties of skin diseases, which includes all major skin manifestations such as Psoriasis. Kitibha kushta is one among Kshudra kushta with predominance of vitiated Vata-Kapha dosha. The clinical features are: Shyava, Kina-Kara sparsha and Parushata, which can be co-related to Psoriasis. Psoriasis is a commonly encountered chronic skin disease, regularly encountered in day-to- day clinical practice with prevalence of 2% worldwide. Methodology: The present case report is of 26 years old female, came with complaints of Scaly Patchy discoloration all over the body predominantly over Extensor surface of both limbs and face with dry crusty flakes over scalp margins associated with Itching and Blood discharge on scratching and was effectively treated with Shodhana. Result: Patient showed encouraging result after repeated Shodhana followed by Shamana aushadis. Discussion: Patient was Initially treated with Virechana, were the flare up of the condition was observed, later treated with repeated course of Vamana followed by Virechana in regular intervals, where she was observed with 75% of relief with no further episodes of recurrence. Hence, the present case study highlights the importance of repeated Shodhana (Vamana, Virechana) as mentioned in classics for the management of Kitibha Kushta.

Biopsies of Facial Dermatoses Made Simple

2014 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
pp. 550-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal Al-Mohammedi ◽  
Richard I. Crawford ◽  
Magdalena Martinka
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
English Literature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽  
The Face ◽  
Inflammatory Skin ◽  
Skin Conditions ◽  
Facial Dermatitis

Context.—Biopsy of the face is rarely done for inflammatory skin diseases, unless the entire process is confined to the face. Objective.—We hypothesized that facial dermatitis has a differential diagnosis that is more limited than the differential diagnosis of inflammatory skin diseases that affect other parts of the body. To our knowledge, the classification of inflammatory skin diseases occurring on the face has never been conducted before in the English literature. Design.—The most-recent 100 facial biopsies of inflammatory skin conditions were retrieved from our files, and the cases were categorized into the main inflammatory skin patterns. Results.—Forty-seven cases (47%) were categorized as interface dermatitis, 2 cases (2%) as psoriasiform dermatitis, 11 cases (11%) as spongiotic dermatitis, 16 cases (16%) as diffuse and nodular dermatitis, 8 cases (8%) as perivascular dermatitis, 14 cases (14%) as folliculitis and perifolliculitis, 1 case (1%) as panniculitis, and 1 case (1%) as fibrosing dermatitis. The number of diagnostic entities represented within each of these patterns was small. Conclusions.—We believe that facial dermatitis should have its own more-circumscribed differential diagnosis. From a practical viewpoint, many of the inflammatory skin diseases that affect other parts of the body should be excluded from the differential diagnosis after the tissue is determined to be from a facial skin biopsy, and others should not be considered unless the biopsy is from the face.

scholarly journals Hubungan antara Mikrobiota dan Psoriasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Alinta Ayuningtyas Alinta ◽  
◽  
Khairun Nisa Berawi ◽  
Nurul Islamy ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Plaque Formation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽  
Environmental Interactions ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Selective Modulation

Abstract As the largest organ of the human body, the skin is colonized by a variety of microorganisms, most of which are harmless and have benefits for the host. This microbiota contributes to the metabolism and immunity of the host. The human microbiota includes bacteria, fungi, viruses and archaea, which inhabit various areas of the body. Most of the microbiota resides in the intestine, only a small part of which inhabit epithelial surfaces such as the mouth, airways, vagina and skin. The total number of microbiota on the surface of the skin is usually in the range 104 to 106 cells per cm2. Psoriasis is one of the most common immune-mediated inflammatory skin diseases. The prevalence of disease has been reported, with a range of 0.09- 11.43% by the WHO Global Report 2016. To date the causes of this disease are not fully understood, genetic and environmental interactions play an important role in disease progression. Recently, immunological approaches have helped to clarify the pathophysiology of the disease significantly. The skin microbiota has been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of lichenified plaque formation in psoriasis. Corynebacterium, Propionibacterium, Staphylococcus, and also Streptococcus have been identified as the main microbiota. It has not been determined whether these changes in the microbiota are a cause or consequence of psoriasis. For this reason, further research on selective modulation of the skin microbiota is needed. This systematic review aims to elucidate the correlation between the microbiome and pathogenesis of psoriasis and the modulation of the microbiota that could lead to possible therapeutic interventions. Keywords: Microbiota, Psoriasis, Skin

scholarly journals Generalized Pustular Psoriasis: Divergence of Innate and Adaptive Immunity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 9048
Author(s):  
Dominik Samotij ◽  
Justyna Szczęch ◽  
Adam Reich
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pustular Psoriasis ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Innate And Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Generalized Pustular Psoriasis ◽  
Skin Conditions ◽  
Genetically Determined

Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a severe, relapsing, immune-mediated disease characterized by the presence of multiple sterile pustules all over the body. The exact pathomechanisms behind GPP remain elusive, although increased interest in the genetic basis and immunological disturbances have provided some revealing insights into the underlying signaling pathways and their mutual interaction. The genetic background of GPP has been thoroughly investigated over the past few years. The conducted studies have identified genetic variants that predispose to pustular forms of psoriasis. The loss-of-function mutation of the interleukin 36 receptor antagonist gene, along with rare gain-of-function mutations in the gene that encodes the keratinocyte signaling molecule (CARD14), are examples of the uncovered abnormalities. Interleukin 36 (IL-36), along with neutrophils, is now considered a central cytokine in GPP pathogenesis, with IL-36 signaling providing a link between innate and adaptive immune responses. More recently, a new concept of inflammation, caused by a predominantly genetically determined abnormal activation of innate immune response and leading to inflammatory keratinization, has arisen. GPP is currently considered a representative of this novel group of skin conditions, called autoinflammatory keratinization diseases. As no therapeutic agents have been approved for GPP to date in the United States and Europe, the novel anti-IL-36R antibodies are particularly promising and may revolutionize management of the disease.

scholarly journals Resident Memory T Cells in Autoimmune Skin Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace E. Ryan ◽  
John E. Harris ◽  
Jillian M. Richmond
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Memory T Cells ◽  
Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Skin Conditions ◽  
Resident Memory T Cells

Tissue resident memory T cells (TRM) are a critical component of the immune system, providing the body with an immediate and highly specific response against pathogens re-infecting peripheral tissues. More recently, however, it has been demonstrated that TRM cells also form during autoimmunity. TRM mediated autoimmune diseases are particularly destructive, because unlike foreign antigens, the self-antigens are never cleared, continuously activating self-reactive TRM T cells. In this article, we will focus on how TRMs mediate disease in autoimmune skin conditions, specifically vitiligo, psoriasis, cutaneous lupus erythematosus, alopecia areata and frontal fibrosing alopecia.

Investigating Personality and Psychopathology in Patients With Psoriasis

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Vari ◽  
Patrizia Velotti ◽  
Alessandro Crisi ◽  
Silvana Carlesimo ◽  
Antonio G. Richetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychological Issues ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Affective Quality ◽  
Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Completion Test ◽  
Skin Conditions

Abstract. A broad range of literature reported higher rates of psychopathology and personality disorders among patients affected by skin conditions. Specifically, depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideations are more frequently reported by patients affected by skin diseases. This study aimed to examine psychopathology and personality in a group of patients affected by psoriasis by means of a self-report measure (Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory – MCMI-III) and a performance-based technique (Wartegg Drawing Completion Test [WDCT], CWS). Study results showed a higher rate of passive-aggressiveness and paranoia among psoriatic patients (MCMI-III). When assessing patients through the performance-based technique (WDCT, CWS), a higher rate of global rejection (GR) – linked by previous literature to suicidal ideation – and a lower affective quality of the drawings emerged. We discuss the clinical importance of detecting psychological issues in dermatology patients by means of a multimethod assessment that goes beyond patients’ self-evaluation of their symptoms and emotions.

Antipyretic Activity of the Root Extracts of Xylocarpus

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Ganesh Kumar Y ◽  
Pranitha D ◽  
Phaneendra D ◽  
Madhava Reddy Ch
Keyword(s):  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Prostaglandin Synthesis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Race ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Antipyretic Activity ◽  
Inhibition Of Prostaglandin Synthesis ◽  
Elevated Body Temperature

Various types of conditions exist in the body that causes fever and pain. Drugs that are used to treat fever are called antipyretics, and those are usually prescribed to treat elevated body temperature. But those drugs result in many other side effects like ulcers, perforations, bleedings and obstructions, which make their use questionable and limiting. Medicinal plants are used in the treatment of diseases from the starting of the human race and the process; they had been subjected to rigorous investigations and tests to establish a scientific proof and validation of the various pharmacological activities and their respective mechanisms of action in treating the herbs. Considering the anti-inflammatory properties of the plant, Xylocarpus mekongesis was investigated for its antipyretic activity in yeast method and 3doses out of which 00mg/kg body weight showed a better activity compared to the standard drug and other extracts too. The mechanism of action was similar to the paracetamol action that is inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis.

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