Pollen Beads: A New Carrier for Propolis Active Compounds

Background: Pollen and propolis are two bee products with highly health promoting properties. But there are some limitations of raw propolis usage not only in daily consumption but also in putting it in food formulations. Propolis should be extracted to convert it into consumable form and ethanol is the first choice as a solvent. But ethanol consumption, either in health-wise or religion aspect, is one of the factors limiting the usage of propolis extract. The strong taste and strong smell of propolis are other factors. The immobilization of propolis active compounds could be a tool for overcoming either all or some of these factors. Objective: This study was aimed at immobilization of propolis active constituents on the surface of whole pollen grains. Results: Immobilization efficiency was calculated as 53%. Total phenolic and flavonoid content of pollen, propolis and pollen-propolis beads were measured. It was determined that pollen-propolis beads contain more phenolics than pollen and propolis itself. Ferric reducing activity of the samples was also investigated and pollen-propolis beads showed better activity. Release behavior of pollen and pollen-propolis beads was studied in simulated digestive systems. Better release properties of pollen-propolis beads were achieved in all tested systems as well. These findings support the immobilization of propolis active compounds on the surface of whole pollen grains. Conclusion: It could be concluded that the product obtained, pollen-propolis beads, could be considered as more valuable healthy product since the synergistic action of pollen and propolis.

Download Full-text

Characterisation of the total phenolic, vitamins C and E content and antioxidant properties of the beebread and honey from the same batch

Czech Journal of Food Sciences ◽

10.17221/312/2019-cjfs ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 158-163

Author(s):

Tomasz Sawicki ◽

Natalia Bączek ◽

Małgorzata Starowicz

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Bioactive Substances ◽

Reducing Activity ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid ◽

Reducing Potential

The aim of this study was to compare total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant and reducing activity, as well as vitamin C and E content in beebread and honey. The antioxidant activity of samples was determined by photochemiluminescence (PCL) assay, while reducing potential was measured using FRAP and ORAC assays. Vitamin C was analysed by HPLC–MS-TripleTOF method and vitamin E by HPLC-DAD. Beebread was characterised by the higher level of the total phenolic (~90%), flavonoid (~97%), vitamin C (~99%) and E (~98%) as compared to the honey. The data showed that beebread had also higher values of antioxidant activity and reducing potential by ~99% and ~41–98%, respectively, than honey. Our findings indicate that beebread is valuable source of bioactive substances, with the high beneficial properties.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of reproducibility methods for total phenolic and flavonoid content in skin and flesh of potato (Solanum tuberosum)

Research on Crops ◽

10.31830/2348-7542.2020.082 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

Keyword(s):

Solanum Tuberosum ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

Download Full-text

Determination of antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds for basic standardization of Turkish propolis

Applied Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1186/s13765-021-00608-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Aslı Özkök ◽

Merve Keskin ◽

Aslı Elif Tanuğur Samancı ◽

Elif Yorulmaz Önder ◽

Çiğdem Takma

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Caffeic Acid ◽

Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Scaling Analysis ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Multidimensional Scaling Analysis ◽

Flavonoid Quercetin ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the standard amount of antioxidant content and compounds of the propolis for the standardization of propolis. For this purpose, the total flavonoids, total phenolic, CUPRAC antioxidant capacity content and the diversity of phenolic and flavonoid components of these propolis samples were found by HPLC determined at the 23 propolis samples which were collected different regions of Turkey. Beside that, the similarities and differences of these 23 provinces to each other according to their antioxidant capacities were investigated by multidimensional scaling analysis. The total flavonoid content in the propolis samples were determined between 21.28 and 152.56 mg CE/g. The total phenolic content in the propolis samples was found between 34.53 mg and 259.4 mg GAE/g. CUPRAC antioxidant capacity of the propolis samples and antioxidant range was found from 95.35 to 710.43 mg TE/g. Also, 4 flavonoid [Quercetin (min.1.12–max.4.14 mg/g), Galangin (min.0.72–max.40.79 mg/g), Apigenin (min.1.07–max.17.35 mg/g), Pinocembrin (min.1.32–max.39.92 mg/g] and 6 phenolic acid [Caffeic acid (min.1.20–max.7.6 mg/g), p-Coumaric acid (min.1.26–max.4.47 mg/g), trans-Ferulic acid (min.1.28–max.4.92 mg/g), Protocatechuic acid (1.78 mg/g), trans-Cinnamic acid (min.1.05–max.3.83 mg/g), Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) (min.1.41–max.30.15 mg/g)] components were detected as mg/g, in different ratios in propolis samples collected from different regions. The feature of this study, so far, is to have the maximum number of samples representing the Turkish propolis, and so is thought to help to national and international propolis standard workings.

Download Full-text

Establishing Relationship between Vitamins, Total Phenolic and Total Flavonoid Content and Antioxidant Activities in Various Honey Types

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26154399 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (15) ◽

pp. 4399

Author(s):

Norhasnida Zawawi ◽

Pei Juin Chong ◽

Nurul Nadhirah Mohd Tom ◽

Nurkhairina Solehah Saiful Anuar ◽

Salma Malihah Mohammad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Extrinsic Factors ◽

Biochemical Compounds ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

Honey is a well-known natural sweetener and is rich in natural antioxidants that prevent the occurrence of oxidative stress, which is responsible for many human diseases. Some of the biochemical compounds in honey that contribute to this property are vitamins and phenolic compounds such as phenolic acids and flavonoids. However, the extent to which these molecules contribute towards the antioxidant capacity in vitro is inconsistently reported, especially with the different analytical methods used, as well as other extrinsic factors that influence these molecules’ availability. Therefore, by reviewing recently published works correlating the vitamin, total phenolic, and flavonoid content in honey with its antioxidant activities in vitro, this paper will establish a relationship between these parameters. Based on the literature, vitamins do not contribute to honey’s antioxidant capacity; however, the content of phenolic acids and flavonoids has an impact on honey’s antioxidant activity.

Download Full-text

NEW FLAVONOIDS FROM THE AERIAL PARTS OF POLYGONUM EQUISETIFORME SM (POLYGONACEAE)

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i2.15593 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 166 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sayed A. El-toumy ◽

Joslin Y. Salib ◽

Nabila H. Shafik ◽

Asmaa S. Abd Elkarim ◽

Gihan A. Mick

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Methyl Ester ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Gallic Acid ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Dpph Method ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

Objective: The current study was to deal the isolation and identification of secondary metabolites from Polygonum equisetiforme and evaluation of antioxidant activity of its extract.Methods: The methanol-water extract (7:3) of the air-dried aerial parts of Polygonum equisetiforme was fractionated and separated to obtain the isolated compounds by different chromatographic techniques. Structures of these compounds were elucidated by UV and 1D⁄2D H⁄ C NMR spectroscopy and compared with the literature data. The crude extract was evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activity using the 2,2 diphenyl dipicryl hydrazine (DPPH) method.Results: Ten secondary metabolites were isolated from Polygonum equisetiforme in this study. Of which three new flavonoids named as 3,5,7,2’,5’ pentahydroxyflavone 3-O-b-D-glucopyranoside (1), 3,5,7,2’,5’ pentahydroxyflavone 3-O-b-D-glucopyranoside 8 C-sulphated (2) and quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucucorinde 6''-methyl ester 8-sulphated (3) as well as quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucucorinde methyl ester (4), quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), quercetin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), quercetin(7), myricetin (8), P-methoxy gallic acid methyl ester (9) and gallic acid (10). The antioxidant potential of P. equisetiforme extract was evaluated by investigating it's total phenolic and flavonoid content and DPPH radical scavenging activity whereby the extract showed significant antioxidant activity (IC50 = 37.45 μg/ml). The total phenolic and flavonoid content was found to be 130.79±5.502 and 45.8±1.63 μg/ml, respectively.Conclusion: Polygonum equisetiforme is a promising medicinal plant, and our study tends to support the therapeutic value of this plant as an antioxidant drug.

Download Full-text

Antioxidant potential of five commercially less valued leafy vegetables from Bangladesh

Bangladesh Journal of Botany ◽

10.3329/bjb.v47i4.47391 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 953-959

Author(s):

Kishwar Jahan Shethi ◽

Mohammad Zashim Uddin

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Content ◽

Leafy Vegetables ◽

Antioxidant Potential ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Dpph Radical ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Dpph Scavenging Activity ◽

Dpph Scavenging ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

To evaluate the antioxidant potential of less valued green leafy vegetables of Bangladesh, the methanolic extracts of Alternanthera sessilis, A. philoxeroides, A. paronychioides, Glinus oppositifolius and Portulaca oleracea were subjected to assay for total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and DPPH free radicle scavenging activity. Among the studied materials, A. sessilis showed the highest phenolic and flavonoid content. However, G. oppositifolius presented the lowest phenolic content (14.53 ± 0.48 mg of GAE/g of sample) and P. oleracea exhibited minimum (7.005 ± 0.25 mg of RUE/g of sample) flavonoid content. DPPH radical scavenging activity was found to increase with increase in the concentration of each individual material. A. philoxiroides (IC50 = 6.07 ± 0.27 μg/ml) was found as the most active in DPPH radical percentage inhibition, which was followed by A. sessilis (IC50 = 7.17 ± 0.67 μg/ml). Interestingly, A. paronychioides, in spite of having good amount of total phenolic and flavonoid content, showed less DPPH scavenging activity. No linear relationship was found to exist in case of the total phenolic, flavonoid content and DPPH scavenging activity among G. oppositifolius, P. oleracea and A. paronychioides. The results from different methods may differ substantially because each complex chemical reaction generates unique values. However, all the five plants exhibited creditable antioxidant activity and thus consumption of these vegetables may play important role in combating oxidative stresses and thereby help in retaining good health.

Download Full-text

Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Content and Antioxidant Activities of Ten Malaysian Wild Mushrooms

OALib ◽

10.4236/oalib.1103987 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 04 (11) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Jinting Azieana ◽

Mohd Noor Zainon ◽

Abdullah Noriham ◽

Mat Nor Rohana

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Wild Mushrooms ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

Download Full-text

Quantification of rutin and quercetin by HPTLC/HPLC and in vitro immunomodulatory and anticancer activities of Capparis moonii fruits extracts

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20175692 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 153

Author(s):

Gaurav Mahesh Doshi ◽

Manjushree Kundalik Pawar ◽

Kajal Haribhai Chavda

Keyword(s):

Gallic Acid ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Antibody Titre ◽

High Performance ◽

Assay Method ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid ◽

Rutin And Quercetin

Background: The current research was undertaken on dried fruits of Capparis moonii to screen its potential for immunomodulatory and cancer indications with identification of phytoconstituents by chromatographic techniques.Methods: Methanolic (MECN), hydro-methanolic (HMECN) and aqueous extracts (AQCN) of Capparis moonii were subjected to high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after studying the total phenolic and flavonoid content by using rutin and gallic acid as standards respectively as well as undertaking powder characteristics and preliminary phytochemical screening. Immunomodulatory activities covered were hemagglutination antibody titre and delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction with the aid of sheep red blood cells (0.5×109) as antigens. The extracts were studied for antioxidant potential. Anticancer prospects were focusing on in vitro cell lines screening (MCF 7 and HCT 15) by Sulforhodamine B assay method and potato disc assay.Results: The total phenolic and flavonoid content of MECM, HMECM and AQCM fruits extracts were found to be 0.20, 0.11 and 0.47 mg of gallic acid/g and 78.3, 18.8 and 64.4 mg of rutin/g respectively. Rutin and quercetin were confirmed by HPTLC and HPLC showing well resolved peaks. IC50 values in antioxidant studies were found to be significant with all the extracts. Significant immunomodulatory effect was noticed at 200mg/kg in both models (high antibody titre levels and decrease paw volume after 48 h). Unsatisfactory results were observed with selected cell lines and disc assay.Conclusions: Thus, selected fruits may probably have immunomodulatory potential due to presence of flavonols (rutin and quercetin).

Download Full-text

Total phenolic and flavonoid compounds, antioxidant and toxicity profile of extract and fractions of paku atai tuber (Angiopteris ferox Copel)

Food Research ◽

10.26656/fr.2017.3(6).135 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 734-740

Author(s):

Nur S. ◽

F. Mubarak ◽

C. Jannah ◽

D.A. Winarni ◽

D.A. Rahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Iron Reduction ◽

Colorimetric Method ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Toxicity Profile ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Ic50 Value ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid Compounds

Paku atai plant (Angiopteris ferox Copel), specifically the tuber has been used empirically as an anticancer and antidote materials by Dayaknese in West Kutai, with limited scientific study. Thus, this research had been conducted to determine and evaluate the total phenolic, flavonoid content of this plant along with the antioxidant and toxicity profile. The research used several extracts’ solvents including extraction with ethanol (crude extract, CE) and subsequently partitioned with n-hexane (HF); ethyl acetate (EF) and ethanol aqueous (EAF). The resulted crude extract and fractions were then analyzed through colorimetric method to determine the phenolic and flavonoid total; with DPPH and FRAP to observe the antioxidant activity; and using BSLT method to evaluate the toxicity activity. The results showed that the EF fraction provided the strongest antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 13.79 μg/mL and iron reduction with FRAP value of 387.5±6.41 µM/g. However, a high correlation was observed between the antioxidant and the total phenolic content (r2 = 0.970 - 0.974) but little correlation in total flavonoid (r2 = 0.345 - 0.373). Furthermore, the EF (19.56±7.35) showed the highest toxicity activity followed by CE (22.42±2.10), HF (39.52±7.38), and EAF (41.75±5.10). Therefore, the paku atai tuber can be potentially developed as a natural antioxidant and anticancer material.

Download Full-text