Radioprotectors: Nature’s Boon

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damanpreet Kaur Lang ◽  
Harwinder Singh ◽  
Arpita Arora ◽  
Rashmi Arora ◽  
Balraj Saini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Radioprotective Property ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Qsar Studies ◽  
Radioprotective Action ◽  
Ionizing Radiations ◽  
Harmful Effects

Objective: To reduce the chances of toxicity, reduction in radiation dose or reducing the frequency of the therapy is done which usually leads to a therapeutically poor outcome. The most feasible method is to protect the normal cells by administration of radioprotective agents either before or after the exposure. These agents have been tested on animals and human cellmodels for evaluating theirsafety window and toxicityprofile at the cellular level. The study aims to compile the effective natural radioprotective agents available which can be further exploited by using certain QSAR studies to increase their potency. Method: Structured literature search from EMBASE, PubMed, Bentham Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect was done and appropriate peer-reviewed review articles, as well as certain research articles, were included and compiled in this review paper. Conclusion: As various studies have indicated the harmful effects of ionizing radiations on normal cells, to reduce these effects radioprotective agents are used before or after exposure to radiations. Compounds derived from natural sources are proved to have few side effects and they possess radioprotective property due to the presence of alkaloids, resins, volatile oils, tannins in their molecular structure. Various plants having such radioprotective constitutes have been identified for their radioprotective action and compiled in the present study. Conclusion: As various studies have indicated the harmful effects of ionizing radiations on normal cells, to reduce these effects radioprotective agents are used before or after exposure to radiations. Compounds derived from natural sources are proved to have few side effects and they possess radioprotective property due to the presence of alkaloids, resins, volatile oils, tannins in their molecular structure. Various plants having such radioprotective constitutes have been identified for their radioprotective action and compiled in the present study.

scholarly journals Radioprotection by curcumin: A mini review

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
P Sruthi ◽  
M M Naidu
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Normal Cell ◽  
The Body ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Ionizing Radiations ◽  
Harmful Effects

Ionizing radiations are detrimental to the biological system. Exposure to ionizing radiations results in many chronic diseases including cancer. It may cause dysfunctions to almost all organs of the body depending on the total dose, duration and site of irradiation. Apart from its bad effect, radiotherapy is now extensively used for the treatment of several kinds of cancers. Still, the key disadvantage in the procedure is that normal cell, in the surrounding area of the tumor, also receiving radiation doses similar to the tumor, leads to undesirable side effects and risk to patients. Curcumin has been found to protect harmful effects of ionizing radiation. So, it can be beneficial during radiotherapy of cancer. Curcumin helps to kill tumor cells effectively by enhancing the effect of radiation. It also protects normal cells against the harmful effects of radiation. Pre clinical studies are expected to lead to clinical trials to prove the potential of this age-old golden spice for treating cancer patients. This review summarizes the protective effect of curcumin against harmful radiations.

Molecular Studies on Novel Antitumor Bis 1,4-Dihydropyridine Derivatives Against Lung Carcinoma and their Limited Side Effects on Normal Melanocytes

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 2156-2168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda F. Mohamed ◽  
Nada S. Ibrahim ◽  
Ahmed H.M. Elwahy ◽  
Ismail A. Abdelhamid
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Carcinoma Cell ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Lung Carcinoma Cell Line ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Dihydropyridine Derivatives

Background: Cancer is a complex genetic disease which is characterized by an abnormal cell growth, invasion and spreading to other parts of the body. There are several factors that lead to cancer by causing DNA damage and the impairment of its repair. Treatment of cancer using the chemotherapeutic drugs have adverse side effects such as toxicity as they lose their specificity toward cancer cells and affect also normal cells. Moreover, the cancer cells can resist the chemotherapeutic agents and make them ineffective. For these reasons, much attentions have been paid to develop new drugs with limited side effects on normal cells and to diminish cancer resistance to drug chemotherapy. Recently, some 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives were reported to act as Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR) modulators that inhibit p-glycoprotein which is responsible for the inability of drugs to enter the cancer cells. Also 1,4-DHPs have antimutagenic properties against chemicals via modulating DNA repair when studied on drosophila. Objective: The objective of this study is the synthesis of bis 1,4-DHPs incorporating ester as well as ether linkages and evaluate the anticancer activity of new compounds for synergistic purpose. Different genetic tools were used in an attempt to know the mechanism of action of this compound against lung cancer. Method: An efficient one pot synthesis of bis 1,4-DHPs using 3-aminocrotononitrile and bis(aldehydes) has been developed. The cytotoxic effect against human cell lines MCF7, and A549 cell lines was evaluated. Results: All compounds exhibited better cytotoxicity toward lung carcinoma cells than breast cancer cells. With respect to lung carcinoma cell line (A549), compound 10 was the most active compound and the three other compounds 7, 8, and 9 showed comparable IC50 values. In case of breast cancer cell line (MCF7), the most active one was compound 7, while compound 8 recorded the least activity. Conclusion: we have developed an efficient method for the synthesis of novel bis 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives incorporating ester or ether linkage. All compounds showed better cytotoxicity results against A549 than MCF7, so that lung carcinoma cell line was chosen to perform the molecular studies on it. The results showed that all compounds (7, 8, 9 and 10) caused cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. The molecular docking study on CDK2 confirmed the results of cell cycle assay which showed good binding energy between the compounds and the active site of enzyme indicating the inhibition of the enzyme.

Synthesis and Investigation of Therapeutic Potential of Isoform-Specific HDAC8 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 916-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Appavoo Umamaheswari ◽  
Ayarivan Puratchikody ◽  
Natarajan Hari
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Hydroxamic Acid ◽  
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
In Silico Studies ◽  
Hdac8 Inhibitors

Background:The available treatment option for any type of cancer including CTCL is chemotherapy and radiation therapy which indiscriminately persuade on the normal cells. One way out for selective destruction of CTCL cells without damaging normal cells is the use of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi). Despite promising results in the treatment of CTCL, these HDACi have shown a broadband inhibition profile, moderately selective for one HDAC class but not for a particular isotype. The prevalence of drug-induced side effects leaves open a narrow window of speculation that the decreased therapeutic efficacy and observed side effects may be most likely due to non specific HDAC isoform inhibition. The aim of this paper is to synthesis and evaluates HDAC8 isoform specific inhibitors.Methods:Based on the preliminary report on the design and in silico studies of 52 hydroxamic acid derivatives bearing multi-substituent heteroaromatic rings with chiral amine linker, five compounds were shortlisted and synthesized by microwave assisted approach and high yielding synthetic protocol. A series of in vitro assays in addition to HDAC8 inhibitory activity was used to evaluate the synthesised compounds.Results:Inhibitors 1e, 2e, 3e, 4e and 5e exerted the anti-proliferative activities against CTCL cell lines at 20- 100 µM concentrations. Both the pyrimidine- and pyridine-based probes exhibited μM inhibitory activity against HDAC8. The pyrimidine-based probe 1e displayed remarkable HDAC8 selectivity superior to that of the standard drug, SAHA with an IC50 at 0.1µM.Conclusion:Our study demonstrated that simple modifications at different portions of pharmacophore in the hydroxamic acid analogues are effective for improving both HDAC8 inhibitory activity and isoform selectivity. Potent and highly isoform-selective HDAC8 inhibitors were identified. These findings would be expedient for further development of HDAC8-selective inhibitors.

Natural-Derived Molecules as a Potential Adjuvant in Chemotherapy: Normal Cell Protectors and Cancer Cell Sensitizers

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajib Hossain ◽  
Muhammad Torequl Islam ◽  
Mohammad S. Mubarak ◽  
Divya Jain ◽  
Rasel Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Anticancer Effect ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Global Threat

Background: Cancer is a global threat to humans and a leading cause of death worldwide. Cancer treatment includes, among other things, the use of chemotherapeutic agents, compounds that are vital for treating and preventing cancer. However, chemotherapeutic agents produce oxidative stress along with other side effects that would affect the human body. Objective: To reduce the oxidative stress of chemotherapeutic agents in cancer and normal cells by naturally derived compounds with anti-cancer properties, and protect normal cells from the oxidation process. Therefore, the need to develop more potent chemotherapeutics with fewer side effects has become increasingly important. Method: Recent literature dealing with the antioxidant and anticancer activities of the naturally naturally-derived compounds: morin, myricetin, malvidin, naringin, eriodictyol, isovitexin, daidzein, naringenin, chrysin, and fisetin has been surveyed and examined in this review. For this, data were gathered from different search engines, including Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Scopus, and Scifinder, among others. Additionally, several patient offices such as WIPO, CIPO, and USPTO were consulted to obtain published articles related to these compounds. Result: Numerous plants contain flavonoids and polyphenolic compounds such as morin, myricetin, malvidin, naringin, eriodictyol, isovitexin, daidzein, naringenin, chrysin, and fisetin, which exhibit ‎antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic actions via several mechanisms. These compounds show sensitizers of cancer cells and protectors of healthy cells. Moreover, these compounds can reduce oxidative stress, which is accelerated by chemotherapeutics and exhibit a potent anticancer effect on cancer cells. Conclusions: Based on these findings, more research is recommended to explore and evaluate such flavonoids and polyphenolic compounds.

Host-cell-assisted construction of folate-engineered nanocarrier based on viral light particle for targeted cancer therapy

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Lv ◽  
Jian Ao ◽  
Ji Wang ◽  
Man Tang ◽  
An-An Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Tumor Targeting ◽  
Light Particle ◽  
Targeted Cancer Therapy ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Specific Tumor

Targeted cancer therapy has aroused broad interests of researchers due to its accuracy in specific tumor targeting and few side effects on normal cells. In the last decades, oncolytic viral...

scholarly journals Overview on the Side Effects of Doxorubicin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chittipolu Ajaykumar
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Preventive Strategies ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Dna Strand

Doxorubicin is an anthracycline antibiotic extracted from the bacterium Streptomyces peucetius. Its cytotoxic effect produced by intercalating with DNA causing breakdown of DNA strand which causes cancer cell apoptosis. Despite being an effective anticancer agent it causes several crucial side effects like carditoxicity, neuropathy, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, alopecia, typhlitis, myelosuppression, neutropenia, anaemia, thrombocytopenia, nausea, and diarrhoea were caused mainly due to the inability to distinguish between cancer cells and normal cells. This chapter mainly focuses on doxorubicin’s side effects, current understanding of the molecular mechanisms, and management and preventive strategies of doxorubicin’s cardiotoxicity during the treatment of various type of cancer.

scholarly journals NATURAL ANTIVIRALS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF SARS-COVID-19: A REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
Vasavi M ◽  
Pujitha M ◽  
Raagini G ◽  
Ramaiah M ◽  
Ramalingeswara Rao K
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
New Disease ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Significant Challenge ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antiviral Activities

Unlike previous outbreaks like SARS and MERS, caused by corona family viruses, COVID-19 became a much worse worldwide pandemic. SARS CoV-2, another coronavirus, causes it. Finding effective therapeutics against this global health crisis became a significant challenge for researchers. However, Allopathic medicine is effective to some extent with severe side effects, which cause concern. In this process, some researchers focused on natural compounds like plant-synthesized secondary metabolites (PSMs) for the treatment of COVID-19. Because these natural compounds like PSMs had a history of tackling a wide range of viral pathogens successfully without significant side effects. Many medicinal plants from different families have antiviral activities. This review intends to systematically evaluate the natural metabolites that could be used against this new disease looking at their natural sources, mechanism of action, and previous pharmacological usages. So, it can be a good initiation for the greater goal of finding effective natural therapeutics for the treatment of Covid-19 without any severe side effects.

scholarly journals The Selectivity of Ethanolic Extract of Buah Makassar (Brucea javanica) on Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ika Rahmawati Sutejo ◽  
Herwandhani Putri ◽  
Edy Meiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Mtt Assay ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Selectivity Index ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Brucea Javanica

Treatment of cancer such as surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy has many side effects. Chemopreventive agent is needed to reduce the side effect and increase the effectivity of therapy. The discovery of cochemopreventive agent should consider on its selectivity to reduce side effects. The selective cochemopreventive agents work effectively in cancer cells and safe for normal cells. Buah Makassar (Brucea javanica) is a natural product that is empirically used for anti-inflammatory and antitumor. The purpose of this study is to determine the cytotoxic effect of ethanolic extract of buah Makassar against 4T1, MCF7, HeLa, and Vero cell lines. The cytotoxic test is performed by MTT assay. The parameter obtained from the cytotoxic test was IC50. Selectivity index is determined from IC50 ratio of cancer cells to normal cells. The results showed that ethanolic extract of buah Makassar has a cytotoxic activity on 4T1, MCF7, HeLa, and Vero cells with IC50 were 49,9±0,83 μg/mL; 107,6±8,14 μg/mL; 228,9±4,16 μg/mL and 395,5± 4,21 μg/mL respectively. It also has high selectivity on 4T1 metastatic breast cancer cell with selectivity index of 7,93. It can be concluded that the ethanolic extract of buah Makassar has potential to be delevoped as cochemopreventive agent especially on metastatic breast cancer. Keywords: Brucea javanica, MTT assay, selectivity index, 4T1, MCF7, HeLa, Vero

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