Highly Cross-linked Starch and Modified Cellulose as Dietary Fibers, and their Acclimation Effect on Hydrogen Excretion in Rats

Background: Highly cross-linked phosphate starch (HCPS) and modified cellulose (MC) were newly developed and modified dietary fiber materials to prevent lifestyle-related diseases. Objective: We investigated the physiological property of HCPS and MC to be a dietary fiber. Methods: HCPS was made from tapioca starch by polymerization in the presence of 0.5% phosphoric acid, and MC was made from cellulose, maltodextrin and karaya gum by high-speed mixing. In the present study, rats were raised on a diet containing 10% or 15% HCPS, or 10% MC for four weeks, and physical effects such as growth, organ weights, blood biomedical parameters, fecal weight, and hydrogen excretion were recorded. Results: Growth was normal among all groups, and there was no significant difference in total body weight gain. Some organ weights including the adipose tissues differed slightly among groups, but no difference based on diet composition was observed. Blood biomedical parameters were normal and not significantly different among groups. Cecum tissue and content weights were significantly greater in the 15% HCPS, 10% MC, and 10% fructooligosaccharide (FOS) groups than in the control group, and fecal weight was significantly increased in the 10% and 15% HCPS, and 10% MC groups compared with the control group. Hydrogen excretion over 24 h was negligible when HCPS was administered orally to rats non-acclimatized to HCPS but increased significantly in rats acclimatized to 10% HCPS diet for one week. Conclusion: We conclude that both HCPS and MC could be suitable for use as low energy bulking materials.

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Maximum Temperature Through a Yttrium Stabilized Zirconia Ceramic After Er,Cr:YSGG Laser Irradiation

Current Dentistry ◽

10.2174/2542579x02999200806160149 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 02 ◽

Author(s):

Laurel Stringer ◽

Sarah Malley ◽

Darrell M. Hutto ◽

Jason A. Griggs ◽

Susana M. Salazar Marocho

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Potential Method ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Zirconia Ceramic ◽

Tooth Pulp ◽

Control Group ◽

Stabilized Zirconia ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Power Setting ◽

Group A

Background: The most common approach to remove yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) fixed-dental prostheses (FDPs) is by means of diamond burs attached to a high-speed handpiece. This process is time-consuming and destructive. The use of lasers over mechanical instrumentation for removal of FDPs can lead to efficient and predictable restoration retrievability. However, the heat produced might damage the tooth pulp (>42˚C). Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the maximum temperature (T) reached during the use of different settings of the erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet Er,Cr:YSGG laser through a YSZ ceramic. Methods: YSZ slices (1 mm thick) were assigned into 7 groups. For the control group, a diamond bur was used to cut a 1 mm groove into the YSZ slices. For the 6 experimental groups, the laser was operated at a constant combination of 33% water and 66% air during 30 s with two different power settings (W) at three frequencies (PPS), as follows (W/PPS): 2.5/20, 2.5/30, 2.5/45, 4.5/20, 4.5/30, 4.5/45. The T through the YSZ slice was recorded in degrees Celsius by using a digital thermometer with a K thermocouple. Results: The median T of the control group was 26.5˚C. The use of 4.5 W resulted in the median T (˚C) of 44.2 at 20 PPS, 53.3 at 30 PPS, and 58.9 at 45 PPS, while 2.5 W showed 34.6, 31.6, and 25.0 at 20, 30, and 45 PPS, respectively. KruskalWallis one-way ANOVA showed that within each power setting, the T was similar. The high power and lowest frequency (4.5/20) showed no significant difference from the 2.5 W settings and the control group. Conclusion: The lower power setting (2.5 W) is a potential method for the use of the Er,Cr:YSGG laser to debond YSZ structures. The higher power (4.5 W) with high frequencies (30 and 45 PPS) is unsuitable.

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Evaluation of Growth and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens (Cobb 500) Feed on Different Level of Organic Acids Inclusion in Diet at Parwanipur

Nepalese Veterinary Journal ◽

10.3126/nvj.v36i0.27773 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

pp. 137-147

Author(s):

A. K. Jha ◽

Md. H. Azad ◽

Md.S. N. Ali ◽

P. Alam ◽

N. Sheikh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Organic Acids ◽

Formic Acid ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Control Group ◽

Research Station ◽

Body Parts ◽

Significant Difference

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of different level of organic acids on productive traits, carcass yields and body parts (Thigh, Back, Neck, wings and Breast) of broiler chicken. This experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Parwanipur, Bara for 41 days to test the effect of organic acids inclusion in broiler feed and its effect on growth performance and carcass study. Altogether 225 day old Cobb-500 broiler birds were procured from Shivam Hatchery, Birgung and divided into 5 treatments with 3 replications (15 birds in each replication) by using completely randomized design. Concentrate feed was purchased from Posak Feed industry, Birgung. Control group (T1) was feed without organic acid inclusion and whereas T2, T3, T4 and T5 groups were fed concentrate mixture mixed with different combination of organic acids @ 400ml/ per 100 kg feed, respectively. Experimental birds were provided adlib amount of grower feed (B1) for 21 days and that after finisher feed (B3) for 20 days and had easily access to drinking water. Feed intake was recorded daily and body weight gain was measured in 7 days interval. Experiment revealed that highest weight gain was observed in T2 (2.6 kg) followed by T3 (2.5) where combination of organic acids were formic acid 65% + propionic acid 35% and formic acid 65% and citric acid 35%, respectively, however, it was not significant among diet groups. From every treatment group each birds were selected for carcass and body parts study. The study showed significant difference (P<0.5) in carcass quantity and body parts of the birds between the treatment groups. The dressing percentage of T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 were 68.96%, 67.87%, 70.38%, 69.88% and 69.67% respectively. Experiment suggested that further study should be carried out to precise the appropriate level of organic acids inclusion and higher cost benefit ratio.

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Drinking water supplemented with wood vinegar on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and gut microbial of broiler chickens

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2021.92-96 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 92-96

Author(s):

Kornkamon Hanchai ◽

Tassanee Trairatapiwan ◽

Rachakris Lertpatarakomol

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Intestinal Morphology ◽

Control Group ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Wood Vinegar ◽

Significant Difference

Background and Aim: Wood vinegar is a product generated from the combustion and distillation of wood and other plant materials. It has been shown to suppress bacteria, resulting in healthier livestock and increased yields. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of drinking water supplemented with wood vinegar on growth performance, intestinal health, and gut microbial of broilers. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 Ross 308 1-day-old male broiler chicks were randomly distributed in a completely randomized experimental design. The study consisted of three treatments containing four replicates, with 10 birds in each. Treatments were given 0.5% and 1.0% (V/V) wood vinegar supplemented in drinking water, while no supplementation was given to the control group. The animals were raised in an open-house system. All groups were provided with a commercial diet and drinking water ad libitum. Analysis of variance was conducted using the general linear model procedure to compare the levels of wood vinegar supplementation in drinking water on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and gut microbial. Results: No significant differences (p>0.05) were found for body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and water consumption between groups during the starter (1-21 days old), grower (22-35 days old), and whole (1-35 days old) growth periods. Moreover, no significant differences in villi height and crypt depth (p>0.05) at 21 and 35 days of age were found. In addition, no significant difference in terms of lactic acid bacteria and Escherichia coli was found between the different treatments. Conclusion: Drinking water supplemented with wood vinegar was not found to have an effect on the growth performance and gut microbial of broiler chickens in the present study. However, the supplementation of wood vinegar in drinking water could improve intestinal morphology.

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Effects of mushroom waster medium and stalk residues on the growth performance and oxidative status in broilers

Animal Bioscience ◽

10.5713/ajas.19.0889 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 265-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Y. C. Hsieh ◽

W. C. Lin ◽

W. Y. Chuang ◽

M. H. Chen ◽

S. C. Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Control Group ◽

Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽

Antioxidant Genes ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Functional Components

Objective: The study developed mushroom stalk residues as feed additives in the broiler diet for improving the growth performance and immunity of broilers as well as to increase the value of mushroom stalk residues.Methods: In total, 300 ROSS 308 broilers were randomly allocated into fifteen pens with five dietary treatments: i) control, basal diet; ii) CMWM, supplemented with 1% Cordyceps militaris waster medium (CM); iii) CMPE, supplemented with 0.5% CM+0.5% Pleurotus eryngii stalk residue (PE); iv) CMPS, supplemented with 0.5% CM+0.5% Pleurotus sajorcaju stalk residue (PS); v) CMFV, supplemented with 0.5% CM+0.5% Fammulina velutipes stalk residue (FV).Results: The chemical analysis results showed that CM extracts, PE extracts, PS extracts, and FV extracts contain functional components such as polysaccharides and phenols and have both 2, 2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryl‐hydrazyl‐hydrate scavenging and Ferrous scavenging capacities. The group CMWM saw increased body weight gain and feed conversion rate and the promotion of jejunum villus growth, but there is no significant difference in the intestinal bacteria phase. Antioxidant genes in the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)- antioxidant responsive element pathway among the groups are significantly higher than that of the control group, especially in group CMWM.Conclusion: The mushroom stalk residues have antioxidant functional components, can improve the intestinal health and body weight gain of chickens, and can activate the antioxidant pathway of Nrf2 to increase the heme oxygenase-1 expression. The treatment with 1% CM was the most promising as a feed additive.

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Evaluation of hydroponics fodder as a partial feed substitute in the ration of crossbred calves

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-3421 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

G. Rajkumar ◽

M. T. Dipu ◽

K. Lalu ◽

K. Shyama ◽

P. S. Banakar

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Total Body Weight ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Green Fodder ◽

Total Body

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of maize green fodder produced by hydroponics system on the performance of eighteen weaned crossbred calves and Calves were divided into three groups T1, T2 and T3 of six each as uniformly. The calf starter in dietary treatments T1, T2 and T3 contained 24, 20 and 17 per cent of Crude Protein (CP), respectively and 70 per cent Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN). The T2 and T3 treatments were made iso-nitrogenous with T1 by supplementing hydroponics maize fodder. The results obtained in the present study showed significant difference among different treatment groups regarding Dry matter intake (DM), total body weight gain, Average daily gain (ADG) and Feed conversion ratio (FCR) with a higher (P less than 0.05) values observed for calves belonging to T3 than groups T1 and T2. Data on digestibility of nutrients does not reveal any difference (P>0.05) among treatment groups. Cost per kg gain was significantly (P less than 0.05) lower in T3 (Rs.102.14) than groups T2 (Rs. 111.64) and T1 (Rs. 119.82). On conclusion, feeding of hydroponics maize fodder as a partial feed substitute of calf starter on protein basis at seven per cent level improves the DM intake, total body weight gain, ADG and lowers the cost per kg body weight gain.

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Utilization Of Soymilk As Milk Replacer For Calves

Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.3329/bjas.v38i1-2.9918 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 38 (1-2) ◽

pp. 102-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

AKM Masum ◽

MN Islam ◽

MAS Khan

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Total Body Weight ◽

Dairy Calves ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Milk Replacer ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Total Body ◽

Group B

An experiment was conducted to study the utilization of soymilk as milk replacer for raising calves. Nine crossbred calves were selected and divided into three groups on the basis of their body weight and genotype. The calves of group A were reared by cow milk, group B reared by strained soymilk and group C reared by unstrained soymilk. It was found that, total body weight gain of group A, B and C were 13.933 ± 1.222, 13.800 ± 0.917 and 13.233 ± 1.537 Kg, respectively. There was no significant difference among the three groups of calves. Non-significant differences were also seen for increment in wither height (5.588 ± 0.508, 5.419 ± 0.529 and 5.080 ± 0.440 cm, respectively), length (6.096 ± 0.440, 5.927 ± 0.388 and 5.503 ± 0.388 cm, respectively) and heart-girth (5.842 ± 0.440, 5.588 ± 0.916 and 5.419 ± 0.388 cm, respectively) of calves. Economic analysis showed that soymilk was cheaper than cow milk (Tk. 8.0 vs Tk. 44.0). It can be concluded that soymilk as milk replacer could be used successfully for raising dairy calves. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v38i1-2.9918 BJAS 2009; 38(1-2): 102-107

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Effect of tulsi (Ocium sanctum) leaves extract as a growth promoter in broiler productio

Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ◽

10.3329/ajmbr.v3i2.33574 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 226-232

Author(s):

Achinta Kumar Biswas ◽

Md Mamunur Rahman ◽

Md Zakir Hassan ◽

Salma Sultana ◽

Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Ocimum Sanctum ◽

Control Group ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Growth Promoter ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Bacterial Sensitivity ◽

Hematological Changes

This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) leaves extract as a growth promoter in broilers from January to June 2013 under Dept. of Pharmacology, Bangladesh agricultural University, Mymensingh-2022, Bangladesh. Fourty number of day old broiler chicks were taken and after seven days divided into two groups A and B. The B group was supplemented with tulsi leaves extract @ 1ml/litre in drinking water. Weekly observations were recorded for live body weight gain up to 5th weeks and blood test was performed at 17th and 35th days age of broiler to study hematological changes between control A and treatment B group. No significant difference in hematological changes was observed in both treatment and control group in 1st week of age but significant change in body weight gain was observed on 35th day. They are 1500 g (control) and 1650 g (treated). The cost of production and economic study was carried out and it was observed that net profit in control group was 5.33 T.K/Kg broiler and in treatment group was 13.33 T.K/Kg broiler. Bacterial sensitivity test was positive in case of Escherichia coli and produced zone of inhibition 0.5 cm and other was negative.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2017, 3(2): 226-232

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Effects of Oral Administration of Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) on Obesity in Male Wistar Rats (Rattus Norvegicus)

BioScientia Medicina ◽

10.32539/bsm.v5i9.355 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (9) ◽

pp. 879-882

Author(s):

Mulyati Sri Rahayu ◽

Sri Wahyuni ◽

Yuziani

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Adult Male ◽

Rattus Norvegicus ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Monosodium Glutamate ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Group 2

Introduction: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is one of the most widely employed food enhancers. Although the umami compound, controversy persists regarding the effects of MSG intake on body weight. Chronic MSG intake may result in excessive body weight gain and obesity. Consumption of MSG result in organ damage, cardiovascular disease, oxidative stress, and also risk factors for obesity. This study aims to determine the effect of oral MSG on obesity in adult male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus).Methods: This true experimental study used the post-test control group design. Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control (received distilled water), Group 1 (MSG 0.378 mg/gr BW), Group 2 (0.756 mg/gr BW) and Group 3 (1.512 mg/gr BW). The obesity parameter was obtained by the Lee index. Kruskal-Wallis test follows by Mann-Whitney test were used to compare the Lee index between groups.Results: Lee’s index mean for each group was 358.4%, 314.1%, 287.8%, and 320.9%, respectively. The Kruskal Wallis test showed a significant difference in the Lee index between groups (p = 0.043). A follow-up test using Mann-Whitney found a significant difference between group 2 and the control group (p = 0.043, p <0.05). The mean of Lee index of group 2 was 70.51% lower than the control group.Conclusion: This study concluded that Lee index was not increased in MSG-treated rats than in the control group after oral MSG intervention for 21 days.

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Evaluation of 2’-Fucosyllactose and Bifidobacterium longum Subspecies infantis on Growth, Organ Weights, and Intestinal Development of Piglets

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu14010199 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 199

Author(s):

Victoria C. Daniels ◽

Marcia H. Monaco ◽

Mei Wang ◽

Johanna Hirvonen ◽

Henrik Max Jensen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Infant Development ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Bifidobacterium Longum ◽

Total Body Weight ◽

Milk Replacer ◽

Intestinal Development ◽

Organ Weights ◽

Body Weights ◽

The Impact

Human milk is rich in oligosaccharides that influence intestinal development and serve as prebiotics for the infant gut microbiota. Probiotics and 2’-fucosyllactose (2’-FL) added individually to infant formula have been shown to influence infant development, but less is known about the effects of their synbiotic administration. Herein, the impact of formula supplementation with 2’-fucosyllactose (2’-FL) and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis Bi-26 (Bi-26), or 2’-FL + Bi-26 on weight gain, organ weights, and intestinal development in piglets was investigated. Two-day-old piglets (n = 53) were randomized in a 2 × 2 design to be fed a commercial milk replacer ad libitum without (CON) or with 1.0 g/L 2’-FL. Piglets in each diet were further randomized to receive either glycerol stock alone or Bi-26 (109 CFU) orally once daily. Body weights and food intake were monitored from postnatal day (PND) 2 to 33/34. On PND 34/35, animals were euthanized and intestine, liver and brain weights were assessed. Intestinal samples were collected for morphological analyses and measurement of disaccharidase activity. Dry matter of cecum and colon contents and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis abundance by RT-PCR were also measured. All diets were well tolerated, and formula intake did not differ among the treatment groups. Daily body weights were affected by 2’-FL, Bi-26, and day, but no interaction was observed. There was a trend (p = 0.075) for greater total body weight gain in CON versus all other groups. Jejunal and ascending colon histomorphology were unaffected by treatment; however, there were main effects of 2’-FL to increase (p = 0.040) and Bi-26 to decrease (p = 0.001) ileal crypt depth. The addition of 2’-FL and/or Bi-26 to milk replacer supported piglet growth with no detrimental effects on body and organ weights, or intestinal structure and function.

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Fracture Forces of Dentin after Surface Treatment with High Speed Drill Compared to Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG Laser Irradiation

Analytical Cellular Pathology ◽

10.1155/2016/8517947 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Rene Franzen ◽

Nasrin Kianimanesh ◽

Rudolf Marx ◽

Asma Ahmed ◽

Norbert Gutknecht

Keyword(s):

Surface Treatment ◽

Laser Irradiation ◽

Fracture Strength ◽

High Speed ◽

Structural Integrity ◽

Control Group ◽

Mean Values ◽

Four Point Bending ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Hand Piece

Dental tooth restorative procedures may weaken the structural integrity of the tooth, with the possibility of leading to fracture. In this study we present findings of coronal dentin strength after different techniques of surface modification. The fracture strength of dentin beams after superficial material removal with a fine diamond bur high speed drill hand piece, Er:YAG (2.94 μm, 8 J/cm2), and Er,Cr:YSGG (2.78 μm, 7.8 J/cm2) laser irradiation slightly above the ablation threshold was measured by a four-point bending apparatus. Untreated dentin beams served as a control. A total of 58 dentin beams were manufactured from sterilized human extracted molars using the coronal part of the available dentin. Mean values of fracture strength were calculated as82.0±27.3 MPa for the control group (n=10),104.5±26.3 MPa for high speed drill treatment (n=10),96.1±28.1 MPa for Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation (n=20), and89.1±36.3 MPa for Er:YAG laser irradiation (n=18). Independent Student’st-tests showed no significant difference between each two groups (p>0.05). Within the parameter settings and the limits of the experimental setup used in this study, both lasers systems as well as the high speed drill do not significantly weaken coronal dentin after surface treatment.

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