Milk Oligosaccharides and Lectins as Candidates for Clinical Trials Against Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mourad Errasfa
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Molecular Species ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Camel Milk ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Binding Properties ◽  
Scientific Publications

Background: Covid-19 pandemia is causing a very high death toll around the world and a serious fall in the global economy. Many clinical trials are currently underway to check the effectiveness of some known drugs. The physiopathology associated with the virus infection is currently better understood and good prophylactic drug therapies are implemented, such as antibiotics and blood thinners, though, no specific drugs against SARS-Cov-2 were developed yet. Objective: In the present research work, it is aimed to carry out a bibliographic investigation on some active molecular species that could be used against Covid-19, based on their chemical properties to bind to glycoproteins. In the case of SARS-Cov-2, the targeted glycoprotein is the surface virus spike S glycoprotein, that the virus uses to attach to and invade human cells. It is of high pharmacological value to investigate possible active natural substances endowed with a property to bind glycoproteins. In this line of research, oligosaccharides and lectins are two molecular species that have glycoprotein binding properties. Methods: A bibliographic research was carried out on oligosaccharides and lectins in various sources of scientific publications. Relevant chemical and pharmacological properties of oligosaccharides and lectins were searched and their main natural sources were identified. Results: In the present paper, I summarize some scientific evidence to support the therapeutic potential of camel milk as a source of oligosaccharides and its possible use as a functional diet in parallel to drug therapies of Covid-19. On the other hand, sugar- and glycoprotein binding properties of some lectins of plant and seaweed origin are reported, and their pharmaceutical use is underlined. Conclusion: In the present study, scientific evidence was documented that encouraged further clinical investigations on camel milk oligosaccharides and lectins of plant and seaweed origin in the management of Covid-19 physiopathology.

scholarly journals Identification and assessment of the current scientific evidence on percutaneous needle electrolysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 117-118
Author(s):  
Valera Garrido F. ◽  
Minaya Muñoz F. ◽  
Martínez Ramírez P. ◽  
Espinola Marcos A.
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Scientific Journal ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Kappa Index ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Manual Search

Abstract Introduction Percutaneous needle electrolysis is an invasive physical therapy technique which was first published in a scientific journal in the year 2008. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the current scientific evidence on percutaneous needle electrolysis in neuro-musculoskeletal system disorders. Material and Methods A retrospective observational study of scientific publications on percutaneous needle electrolysis. An online search was performed in the following databases to access abstracts: MEDLINE, PEDro, COCHRANE, IME, ENFISPO, in addition non-indexed journals were revised, using the following key words: [(“percutaneous electrolysis,” “galvanic electrolysis,” “percutaneous direct current stimulation,” “percutaneous microelectrolysis” and the Spanish terms “electrolisis,” “electrolisis percutánea,” “microelectrolisis”)]. The search period ranged from the year the database was created until the time of the study (September 2018) with no other search limitation and including publications in any language. Furthermore, a manual search was performed based on the citations included in the articles. A first screen was performed based on the retrieved abstracts, and the full-text of each article was evaluated to analyze the scientific evidence of each study, based on the scale described by the US Preventive Task Force, which assigns level I to those studies with a greater quality design and scientific rigor, whereas level III is assigned to those of poorer quality. The assignment of the level of evidence of each study was independently and simultaneously evaluated by two observers with no communication between each other. To determine reliability, the Kappa index was used (K) with a 95% CI. The score reached by the clinical trials and systematic reviews was also revised based on the Pedro Score Database. Results In total, 64 documents were identified related with electrolysis, following the PRISMA recommendations for the search and selection of primary studies. Concretely, 39 papers were retrieved directly from database searches (Medline, PEDro, Cochrane, ENFISPO), whereas 25 were indirectly accessed via other sources based on internet searches and citation searches. Eight papers were excluded after filtering by title and abstract. After reading the full-text of the 56 articles selected, one further article was excluded. Finally, 55 articles were included in the review. The evidence of the studies retrieved was evaluated. The reliability analysis obtained an acceptable Kappa index (0.6–0.8). Based on criteria regarding the quality of evidence, the studies were classified into three groups:a) High-level of evidence. This group included clinical trials (of which there were 9, which constitute 16.7% of the total) (77.8% were published after 2017).b) Medium-level of evidence, identified in 35.2% of papers.c) Low evidence was provided in 48.1% of papers. Conclusions In recent years, there has been a considerable increase in the current evidence available on percutaneous needle electrolysis. However, many of these studies are part of the gray literature and are difficult to access. High quality evidence was identified in 16.7% of papers. The remaining 83.3% papers were of low to medium quality.

scholarly journals A Review of SARS-CoV-2 and the Ongoing Clinical Trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-Fang Tu ◽  
Chian-Shiu Chien ◽  
Aliaksandr A. Yarmishyn ◽  
Yi-Ying Lin ◽  
Yung-Hung Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The sudden outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV, later named SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China, which rapidly grew into a global pandemic, marked the third introduction of a virulent coronavirus into the human society, affecting not only the healthcare system, but also the global economy. Although our understanding of coronaviruses has undergone a huge leap after two precedents, the effective approaches to treatment and epidemiological control are still lacking. In this article, we present a succinct overview of the epidemiology, clinical features, and molecular characteristics of SARS-CoV-2. We summarize the current epidemiological and clinical data from the initial Wuhan studies, and emphasize several features of SARS-CoV-2, which differentiate it from SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), such as high variability of disease presentation. We systematize the current clinical trials that have been rapidly initiated after the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic. Whereas the trials on SARS-CoV-2 genome-based specific vaccines and therapeutic antibodies are currently being tested, this solution is more long-term, as they require thorough testing of their safety. On the other hand, the repurposing of the existing therapeutic agents previously designed for other virus infections and pathologies happens to be the only practical approach as a rapid response measure to the emergent pandemic, as most of these agents have already been tested for their safety. These agents can be divided into two broad categories, those that can directly target the virus replication cycle, and those based on immunotherapy approaches either aimed to boost innate antiviral immune responses or alleviate damage induced by dysregulated inflammatory responses. The initial clinical studies revealed the promising therapeutic potential of several of such drugs, including favipiravir, a broad-spectrum antiviral drug that interferes with the viral replication, and hydroxychloroquine, the repurposed antimalarial drug that interferes with the virus endosomal entry pathway. We speculate that the current pandemic emergency will be a trigger for more systematic drug repurposing design approaches based on big data analysis.

Treatment of migraine. Recommendations developed by a group of experts of the Polish Headache Society, the Polish Society for the Study of Pain and Pain Research Section of the Polish Neurological Society

Ból ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-30
Author(s):  
Adam Stępień ◽  
Wojciech Kozubski ◽  
Jacek Rożniecki ◽  
Izabela Domitrz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Chronic Migraine ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Research Section ◽  
Pain Clinics ◽  
Individualized Approach ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
Extensive Clinical Experience

The purpose of these recommendations is to propose a management strategy for the treatment of migraine. They are aimed at general practitioners, doctors in pain clinics and neurologists. Treatment of migraine requires flexibility and an individualized approach for each patient. The guidelines presented are based on the scientific evidence obtained from clinical trials and the extensive clinical experience of the authors and scientific publications. The current recommendations are an updated guideline covering newly introduced drugs for the treatment of chronic migraine.

scholarly journals How to write a scientific article – Part VI – writing case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant P. Tamboli
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Group Experiences ◽  
Care Guidelines

Scientific publications are possible only after completing proper documented research work. Research is one of the important methods for ensuring that the homoeopathic discipline keeps growing. A case report is one type of research design; it can be conducted with minimal resources. Case reports are, therefore, valuable despite being at the bottom of the ladder in terms of scientific evidence. It allows a physician to share their unique clinical experience/s in a peer group. Experiences of using homoeopathic concepts in different clinical situations and widening the scope of homoeopathy can be shared through this method. Case reports provide an opportunity to train young physicians to learn observation skills and use the scientific method to convey valuable clinical experience/s. The CARE guidelines are the gold standard guidelines for writing a case report. A group of homoeopaths have recommended further modifications to these guidelines for writing homoeopathic case reports; these specific guidelines are termed the HOM-CASE guidelines.

scholarly journals Future Development Trends in Nursing / Smer razvoja zdravstvene nege u budućnosti

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Brigita Skela Savič
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Health Care Institutions ◽  
Nursing Professionals

In the future, nursing will have to be characterized by transparency in self-regulation, it will have to be implemented and presented as a discipline solidly based on scientific evidence. The key elements of achieving these goals include having relevant knowledge, being informed, following the latest research evidence, the ability to appear in front of nursing professionals and the lay public, own research work, inclusion in EU researches and international collaboration with recognized EU decision-makers. Above all, nursing professionals will have to define their work, critically evaluate the competences of nursing as a profession and allocate existing resources. Nurses are expected to assume responsibility for new roles in health care provision, but the guidelines for doing so must be laid out by the state, professional associations and senior management of health care institutions and educational institutions. Managers should insist on and create conditions for reflection of professional work, critical thinking, gathering of information on similar issues in professional and scientific publications, as well as clearly define nursing issues and solve them in cooperation with the research settings. A National Research Center should be established and the responsibility of doing this lies with the Nurses and Midwives Association of Slovenia. Finally, managers of health care institutions should start planning research and development departments.

The English Camps as Method of Promoting Fun English at Elementary School Level in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Meida Rachmawati ◽  
Suzana Widjajanti ◽  
Ahmad Ahmad ◽  
Aslan Aslan
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Curriculum Design ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
School Level ◽  
English Learning ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
School Students ◽  
Scientific Publications

This article aimed to promote English in elementary school students through a fun learning method, called the Fun English Camp. Several studies had been conducted to encounter the best solution to handle this issue. The researchers used PRISMA Protocol as an instrument to collect the data that has been widely used in the process of selecting relevant articles. The researchers reviewed twenty five scientific publications, related to Fun English Camp that has become an English learning approach for beginner students. Through a review of twenty five scientific publications, for instance book and journal, the researchers got scientific evidence that introduction of a learning method with the term Fun English camp has an impact on promoting language learning for elementary school children in Indonesia. Thus, the fun English camp method can be an interesting method to be applied by elementary school curriculum design in Indonesia. Keywords: English Camps, Learning Method, Fun English Learning

MDM2-p53 Interaction Inhibitors: The Current State-of-Art and Updated Patent Review (2010-Present)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafał Rusiecki ◽  
Jakub Witkowski ◽  
Joanna Jaszczewska-Adamczak
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Tumor Suppressor P53 ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Current State ◽  
Mouse Double Minute ◽  
Patent Review ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
Double Minute

Background: Mouse Double Minute 2 protein (MDM2) is a cellular regulator of p53 tumor suppressor (p53). Inhibition of the interaction between MDM2 and p53 proteins is a promising anticancer therapy. Objective: This updated patent review is an attempt to compile the research and achievements of the various researchers working on small molecule MDM2 inhibitors from 2010 to date. We provide an outlook into the future for therapy based on MDM2 inhibition by presenting an overview of the most relevant patents which have recently appeared in the literature. Methods: Literature and recent patents focusing on the anticancer potential of MDM2-p53 interaction inhibitors and its applications have been analyzed. We put the main emphasis on the most perspective compounds which are or were examined in clinical trials. Results: Literature data indicated that MDM2 inhibitors are therapeutically effective in specific types of cancer or non-cancer diseases. A great number of patents and research work around new MDM2- p53 interaction inhibitors, possible combinations, new indications, clinical regimens in previous years prove that this targeted therapy is in the scope of interest for many business and academic research groups. Conclusion: Novel MDM2 inhibitors thanks to higher potency and better ADME properties have shown effectiveness in preclinical and clinical development however the final improvement of therapeutic potential for MDM2 inhibitors might depend on the useful combination therapy and exploring new cancer and non-cancer indications.

scholarly journals Herbal Preparations of Medical Cannabis: A Vademecum for Prescribing Doctors

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Brunetti ◽  
Simona Pichini ◽  
Roberta Pacifici ◽  
Francesco Paolo Busardò ◽  
Alessandro del Rio
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Abuse Liability ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Herbal Preparations ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
Medical Indications ◽  
Different Sources

Cannabis has been used for centuries for therapeutic purposes. In the last century, the plant was demonized due to its high abuse liability and supposedly insufficient health benefits. However, recent decriminalization policies and new scientific evidence have increased the interest in cannabis therapeutic potential of cannabis and paved the way for the release of marketing authorizations for cannabis-based products. Although several synthetic and standardized products are currently available on the market, patients’ preferences lean towards herbal preparations, because they are easy to handle and self-administer. A literature search was conducted on multidisciplinary research databases and international agencies or institutional websites. Despite the growing popularity of medical cannabis, little data is available on the chemical composition and preparation methods of medical cannabis extracts. The authors hereby report the most common cannabis preparations, presenting their medical indications, routes of administration and recommended dosages. A practical and helpful guide for prescribing doctors is provided, including suggested posology, titration strategies and cannabinoid amounts in herbal preparations obtained from different sources of medical cannabis.

scholarly journals G-quadruplex binding properties of a potent PARP-1 inhibitor derived from 7-azaindole-1-carboxamide

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Dallavalle ◽  
Loana Musso ◽  
Roberto Artali ◽  
Anna Aviñó ◽  
Leonardo Scaglioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Parp Inhibition ◽  
Inhibition Mechanism ◽  
Binding Properties ◽  
Dna Oligomers ◽  
Quadruplex Dna ◽  
G Quadruplex ◽  
Molecular Bases ◽  
Dna Binding Properties ◽  
Parp 1

AbstractPoly ADP-ribose polymerases (PARP) are key proteins involved in DNA repair, maintenance as well as regulation of programmed cell death. For this reason they are important therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. Recent studies have revealed a close interplay between PARP1 recruitment and G-quadruplex stabilization, showing that PARP enzymes are activated upon treatment with a G4 ligand. In this work the DNA binding properties of a PARP-1 inhibitor derived from 7-azaindole-1-carboxamide, (2-[6-(4-pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl-phenyl)-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-1-yl]-acetamide, compound 1) with model duplex and quadruplex DNA oligomers were studied by NMR, CD, fluorescence and molecular modelling. We provide evidence that compound 1 is a strong G-quadruplex binder. In addition we provide molecular details of the interaction of compound 1 with two model G-quadruplex structures: the single repeat of human telomeres, d(TTAGGGT)4, and the c-MYC promoter Pu22 sequence. The formation of defined and strong complexes with G-quadruplex models suggests a dual G4 stabilization/PARP inhibition mechanism of action for compound 1 and provides the molecular bases of its therapeutic potential.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Features and Updated Clinical Trials of Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC)-Derived Exosomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 711
Author(s):  
Byung-Chul Lee ◽  
Insung Kang ◽  
Kyung-Rok Yu
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Cellular Rejection

Identification of the immunomodulatory and regenerative properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have made them an attractive alternative therapeutic option for diseases with no effective treatment options. Numerous clinical trials have followed; however, issues such as infusional toxicity and cellular rejection have been reported. To address these problems associated with cell-based therapy, MSC exosome therapy was developed and has shown promising clinical outcomes. MSC exosomes are nanosized vesicles secreted from MSCs and represent a non-cellular therapeutic agent. MSC exosomes retain therapeutic features of the cells from which they originated including genetic material, lipids, and proteins. Similar to MSCs, exosomes can induce cell differentiation, immunoregulation, angiogenesis, and tumor suppression. MSC exosomes have therefore been employed in several experimental models and clinical studies. Here, we review the therapeutic potential of MSC-derived exosomes and summarize currently ongoing clinical trials according to disease type. In addition, we propose several functional enhancement strategies for the effective clinical application of MSC exosome therapy.

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