scholarly journals Heart Failure and Cognitive Impairment: Clinical Relevance and Therapeutic Considerations

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuoyo O. Mene-Afejuku ◽  
Monica Pernia ◽  
Uzoma N. Ibebuogu ◽  
Shobhana Chaudhari ◽  
Savi Mushiyev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Therapeutic Considerations

: Heart failure (HF) is a devastating condition characterized by poor quality of life, numerous complications, high rate of readmission and increased mortality. HF is the most common cause of hospitalization in the United States especially among people over the age of 64 years. The number of people grappling with the ill effects of HF is on the rise as the number of people living to an old age is also on the increase. : Several factors have been attributed to these high readmission and mortality rates among which are; poor adherence with therapy, inability to keep up with clinic appointments and even failure to recognize early symptoms of HF deterioration which may be a result of cognitive impairment. : Therefore, this review seeks to compile the most recent information about the links between HF and dementia or cognitive impairment. We also assessed the prognostic consequences of cognitive impairment complicating HF, therapeutic strategies among patients with HF and focus on future areas of research that would reduce the prevalence of cognitive impairment, reduce its severity and also ameliorate the effect of cognitive impairment coexisting with HF.

Cancer of the Larynx

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew F. Olshan ◽  
Mia Hashibe
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Laryngeal Cancer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Laryngeal Function ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Cancer of the larynx can affect the glottis, supraglottis, subglottis, and laryngeal cartilage. Traditional treatments for laryngeal cancer caused significant disfigurement, difficulty with swallowing and speech, and poor quality of life. Newer treatment methods seek to preserve laryngeal function. Worldwide, an estimated 157,000 new cases and 83,000 deaths from laryngeal cancer occurred in 2012, accounting for 1.1% of all new cancer cases and 1.0% of all cancer deaths. The risk of cancer of the larynx is nearly five times higher in men than women in the United States. Incidence and mortality rates of these cancers in males are decreasing in most high-income countries; this decrease is seen in all racial and ethnic groups in the United States. Active cigarette smoking is the strongest risk factor and explains the greatest proportion of cases. All tobacco products are strongly associated with increased risk, especially when combined with alcohol consumption.

scholarly journals Poststroke depression and its impact on quality of life

Medicina ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiva Rastenytė ◽  
Daina Krančiukaitė
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Psychosocial Outcome ◽  
Poststroke Depression ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Common Problems

Depression is one of the most common problems after stroke. Depression is not only frequently occurring outcome of stroke, but stroke is also a clear risk factor for depression. Depression after stroke can affect anyone regardless of his/her age, sex, background, or the severity of stroke. It can develop immediately after the stroke or weeks or months later. Many people are not routinely assessed for depression after stroke, and only a minority are properly diagnosed and treated. Patients with poststroke depression have lower functional status, increased cognitive impairment, and higher mortality rates than stroke patients without depression. Poststroke depression is also associated with poor psychosocial outcome and poor quality of life; therefore, there is a strong case for the early diagnosis and treatment of poststroke depression.

scholarly journals Association of Diabetes With Atrial Fibrillation Phenotype and Cardiac and Neurological Comorbidities: Insights From the Swiss‐AF Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjola Bano ◽  
Nicolas Rodondi ◽  
Jürg H. Beer ◽  
Giorgio Moschovitis ◽  
Richard Kobza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Unique Identifier ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
History Of

Background Diabetes is a major risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF). However, it remains unclear whether individual AF phenotype and related comorbidities differ between patients who have AF with and without diabetes. This study investigated the association of diabetes with AF phenotype and cardiac and neurological comorbidities in patients with documented AF. Methods and Results Participants in the multicenter Swiss‐AF (Swiss Atrial Fibrillation) study with data on diabetes and AF phenotype were eligible. Primary outcomes were parameters of AF phenotype, including AF type, AF symptoms, and quality of life (assessed by the European Quality of Life‐5 Dimensions Questionnaire [EQ‐5D]). Secondary outcomes were cardiac (ie, history of hypertension, myocardial infarction, and heart failure) and neurological (ie, history of stroke and cognitive impairment) comorbidities. The cross‐sectional association of diabetes with these outcomes was assessed using logistic and linear regression, adjusted for age, sex, and cardiovascular risk factors. We included 2411 patients with AF (27.4% women; median age, 73.6 years). Diabetes was not associated with nonparoxysmal AF (odds ratio [OR], 1.01; 95% CI, 0.81–1.27). Patients with diabetes less often perceived AF symptoms (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.59–0.92) but had worse quality of life (β=−4.54; 95% CI, −6.40 to −2.68) than those without diabetes. Patients with diabetes were more likely to have cardiac (hypertension [OR, 3.04; 95% CI, 2.19–4.22], myocardial infarction [OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.18–2.03], heart failure [OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.57–2.51]) and neurological (stroke [OR, 1.39, 95% CI, 1.03–1.87], cognitive impairment [OR, 1.75, 95% CI, 1.39–2.21]) comorbidities. Conclusions Patients who have AF with diabetes less often perceive AF symptoms but have worse quality of life and more cardiac and neurological comorbidities than those without diabetes. This raises the question of whether patients with diabetes should be systematically screened for silent AF. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique Identifier: NCT02105844.

Poor quality of life in chronic heart failure is independently predictive of worse short-term outcome

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. S106
Author(s):  
Marie A. Krousel-Wood ◽  
Mandeep R. Mehra ◽  
Ann S. Jannu ◽  
Xiao Z. Jiang ◽  
Richard N. Re
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Short Term Outcome

scholarly journals Impact of CardioMEMS device placement on lifestyle modifications: a “pseudo-placebo” effect beyond the expected?

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 3195-3199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Assaad ◽  
Robby Singh ◽  
Sinan Sarsam ◽  
Abbie Bowen ◽  
Marcel Zughaib
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Placebo Effect ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medication Regimen ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Device Placement ◽  
Cardiac Medication

Introduction Congestive heart failure is a leading cause of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in the United States and places a significant economic burden on the health care system. The CHAMPION trial showed significant reductions in heart failure hospitalizations and length of stay as well as improvements in quality of life among patients who underwent implantation of the CardioMEMS device (CardioMEMS Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA). While the benefits of the device have been well demonstrated, we explored the “pseudo-placebo” effect of device placement on patients’ lifestyle modifications. Methods Thirty patients with the CardioMEMS device were contacted for a follow-up survey that included questions about lifestyle modifications, symptomatic and dietary improvement, increased physical activity, and changes in their cardiac medication regimen. Results Dyspnea improved in 57% of patients, 70% of patients improved their diet, and 43% increased their physical activity. Only 7% of patients found it difficult to transmit the data. Discussion The CHAMPION trial showed numerous benefits for patients who underwent CardioMEMS device placement. In our study, we found that device placement also resulted in a “pseudo-placebo” effect with most patients making positive lifestyle modifications.

HFrEF other treatment: revascularization

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 1881-1884
Author(s):  
Eric Velazquez ◽  
Mark C. Petrie
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽  
Artery Disease

Although coronary artery disease is the most common cause of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), the role of revascularization as a treatment strategy to improve survival, reduce morbidity, and enhance the quality of life has only begun to be investigated in recent years. To date, a sole randomized controlled clinical trial has been completed. This chapter summarizes what is currently known and what is unknown with respect to revascularization for the treatment of HFrEF.

scholarly journals Key elements of interventions for heart failure patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: A systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-19
Author(s):  
Louise Hickman ◽  
Caleb Ferguson ◽  
Patricia M Davidson ◽  
Sabine Allida ◽  
Sally Inglis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Heart Failure Patients

Background: The purpose of this systematic review was to (a) examine the effects of interventions delivered by a heart failure professional for mild cognitive impairment and dementia on cognitive function, memory, working memory, instrumental activities of daily living, heart failure knowledge, self-care, quality of life and depression; and (b) identify the successful elements of these strategies for heart failure patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia. Methods and results: During March 2018, an electronic search of databases including CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO was conducted. All randomised controlled trials, which examined an intervention strategy to help heart failure patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia cope with self-care, were included. An initial search yielded 1622 citations, six studies were included ( N= 595 participants, mean age 68 years). There were no significant improvements in cognitive function and depression. However, significant improvements were seen in memory ( p=0.015), working memory ( p=0.029) and instrumental activities of daily living ( p=0.006). Nurse led interventions improved the patient’s heart failure knowledge ( p=0.001), self-care ( p<0.05) and quality of life ( p=0.029). Key elements of these interventions include brain exercises, for example, syllable stacks, individualised assessment and customised education, personalised self-care schedule development, interactive problem-solving training on scenarios and association techniques to prompt self-care activities. Conclusions: Modest evidence for nurse led interventions among heart failure patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia was identified. These results must be interpreted with caution in light of the limited number of available included studies.

scholarly journals Age-Standardized Mortality Rates in the Caribbean: One Source, Three Different Interpretations

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 26s-26s
Author(s):  
Nicholas G. Wolf ◽  
Camille Morgan ◽  
John S. Flanigan
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
International Agency ◽  
World Population ◽  
Us Virgin Islands ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Mortality Estimates

Abstract 74 Purpose A recent publication in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) provided the opportunity to calculate differences in published cancer mortality estimates for Caribbean jurisdictions from three organizations, MMWR, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. This comparison study serves to educate end users of these data. Methods We downloaded the publicly available cancer mortality estimates for 15 jurisdictions and the United States from the three organizations. We compared reported age-standardized mortality rates for each jurisdiction, and calculated the range among the estimates for each jurisdiction. We repeated this analysis after applying the same world population standard to all estimates. Results For males, ranges of Caribbean estimates were between 49% (Grenada and Trinidad) and 201% (US Virgin Islands) of the MMWR value, with an average of 88%. For females, ranges were between 15% (Trinidad) and 171% (US Virgin Islands) of the MMWR value, with an average of 64%. After all estimates were compared using the same population standard, ranges of Caribbean estimates for males were between 6% (Grenada) and 111% (US Virgin Islands) of the MMWR value, with an average of 34%. For females, ranges were between 7% (Grenada) and 97% (US Virgin Islands), with an average of 28%. Conclusion The use of different standard populations complicates comparisons across organizations. Data modeling does not completely compensate for the quality of source data, as our analysis has demonstrated by the differences in mortality rates despite the good quality of the vital registration in the Caribbean. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST No COIs from the authors.

Lousy Jobs, Invisible Unions: The Mexican Retail Sector in the Age of Globalization

2006 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Tilly ◽  
José Luis Álvarez Galván
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Union Coverage ◽  
Dominant Retailer ◽  
Retail Workers

Globalization and modernization transformed the Mexican retail sector over the last two decades. One result is that Wal-Mart has become Mexico's dominant retailer. Another is the poor quality of jobs in the Mexican retail sector. Drawing on a variety of data sources, we review changes and current patterns in the characteristics and quality of retail jobs in Mexico. Retail jobs are worse than the Mexican average. Union coverage is widespread but offers little benefit to workers. Unlike the case in the United States, Wal-Mart offers unionized jobs very similar in quality to those of other retailers; indeed, in general we find little difference between the jobs of global and domestic Mexican retailers. Globalization and modernization have left Mexican retail workers with lousy jobs and invisible unions.

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