Differentiation Between Osteoporotic And Neoplastic Vertebral Fractures: State Of The Art And Future Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Musa Aguiar ◽  
Paola Zarantonello ◽  
Maria Pilar Aparisi Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Fractures ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Common Condition ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Advanced Imaging ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Near Future

: Vertebral fractures are a common condition, occurring in the context of osteoporosis and malignancy. These entities affect a group of patients in the same age range; clinical features may be indistinct and symptoms non-existing, and thus present challenges to diagnosis. In this article, we review the use and accuracy of different imaging modalities available to characterize vertebral fracture etiology, from well-established classical techniques, to the role of new and advanced imaging techniques, and the prospective use of artificial intelligence. We also address the role of imaging on treatment. In the context of osteoporosis, the importance of opportunistic diagnosis is highlighted. In the near future, the use of automated computer-aided diagnostic algorithms applied to different imaging techniques may be really useful to aid on diagnosis.

scholarly journals Assessment and Prediction of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer: A Comparison of Imaging Modalities and Future Perspectives

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3521
Author(s):  
Valeria Romeo ◽  
Giuseppe Accardo ◽  
Teresa Perillo ◽  
Luca Basso ◽  
Nunzia Garbino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Tumor Response ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Locally Advanced Breast Cancer ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Mri Imaging ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Advanced Imaging

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is becoming the standard of care for locally advanced breast cancer, aiming to reduce tumor size before surgery. Unfortunately, less than 30% of patients generally achieve a pathological complete response and approximately 5% of patients show disease progression while receiving NAC. Accurate assessment of the response to NAC is crucial for subsequent surgical planning. Furthermore, early prediction of tumor response could avoid patients being overtreated with useless chemotherapy sections, which are not free from side effects and psychological implications. In this review, we first analyze and compare the accuracy of conventional and advanced imaging techniques as well as discuss the application of artificial intelligence tools in the assessment of tumor response after NAC. Thereafter, the role of advanced imaging techniques, such as MRI, nuclear medicine, and new hybrid PET/MRI imaging in the prediction of the response to NAC is described in the second part of the review. Finally, future perspectives in NAC response prediction, represented by AI applications, are discussed.

The role of dalbavancin for Gram positive infections in the COVID-19 era: state of the art and future perspectives

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Massimo Andreoni ◽  
Matteo Bassetti ◽  
Salvatore Corrao ◽  
Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa ◽  
Vincenzo Esposito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Gram Positive

Role of Molecular Docking in Computer-Aided Drug Design and Development

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Rahul Agarwal ◽  
Ashutosh Singh ◽  
Subhabrata Sen
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Drug Design ◽  
Protein Binding ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Drug Designing ◽  
Near Future

Molecular Docking is widely used in CADD (Computer-Aided Drug Designing), SBDD (Structure-Based Drug Designing) and LBDD (Ligand-Based Drug Designing). It is a method used to predict the binding orientation of one molecule with the other and used for any kind of molecule based on the interaction like, small drug molecule with its protein target, protein – protein binding or a DNA – protein binding. Docking is very much popular technique due to its reliable prediction properties. This book chapter will provide an overview of diverse docking methodologies present that are used in drug design and development. There will be discussion on several case studies, pertaining to each method, followed by advantages and disadvantages of the discussed methodology. It will typically aim professionals in the field of cheminformatics and bioinformatics, both in academia and in industry and aspiring scientists and students who want to take up this as a profession in the near future. We will conclude with our opinion on the effectiveness of this technology in the future of pharmaceutical industry.

scholarly journals High Mobility Group Box-1 and Diabetes Mellitus Complications: State of the Art and Future Perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 6258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biscetti ◽  
Rando ◽  
Nardella ◽  
Cecchini ◽  
Pecorini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nuclear Protein ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
High Mobility Group ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Vascular Bed

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an endemic disease, with growing health and social costs. The complications of diabetes can affect potentially all parts of the human body, from the heart to the kidneys, peripheral and central nervous system, and the vascular bed. Although many mechanisms have been studied, not all players responsible for these complications have been defined yet. High Mobility Group Box-1 (HMGB1) is a non-histone nuclear protein that has been implicated in many pathological processes, from sepsis to ischemia. The purpose of this review is to take stock of all the most recent data available on the role of HMGB1 in the complications of DM.

scholarly journals Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Prostate Cancer: Present Knowledge and Future Perspectives

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Filippos Koinis ◽  
Anastasia Xagara ◽  
Evangelia Chantzara ◽  
Vassiliki Leontopoulou ◽  
Chrissovalantis Aidarinis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Tumor Types ◽  
Major Mediator

Several lines of research are being investigated to better understand mechanisms implicated in response or resistance to immune checkpoint blockade in prostate cancer (PCa). Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have emerged as a major mediator of immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment that promotes progression of various tumor types. The main mechanisms underlying MDSC-induced immunosuppression are currently being explored and strategies to enhance anti-tumor immune response via MDSC targeting are being tested. However, the role of MDSCs in PCa remains elusive. In this review, we aim to summarize and present the state-of-the-art knowledge on current methodologies to phenotypically and metabolically characterize MDSCs in PCa. We describe how these characteristics may be linked with MDSC function and may influence the clinical outcomes of patients with PCa. Finally, we briefly discuss emerging strategies being employed to therapeutically target MDSCs and potentiate the long-overdue improvement in the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with PCa.

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