The role of dalbavancin for Gram positive infections in the COVID-19 era: state of the art and future perspectives

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Massimo Andreoni ◽  
Matteo Bassetti ◽  
Salvatore Corrao ◽  
Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa ◽  
Vincenzo Esposito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Gram Positive

scholarly journals High Mobility Group Box-1 and Diabetes Mellitus Complications: State of the Art and Future Perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 6258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biscetti ◽  
Rando ◽  
Nardella ◽  
Cecchini ◽  
Pecorini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nuclear Protein ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
High Mobility Group ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Vascular Bed

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an endemic disease, with growing health and social costs. The complications of diabetes can affect potentially all parts of the human body, from the heart to the kidneys, peripheral and central nervous system, and the vascular bed. Although many mechanisms have been studied, not all players responsible for these complications have been defined yet. High Mobility Group Box-1 (HMGB1) is a non-histone nuclear protein that has been implicated in many pathological processes, from sepsis to ischemia. The purpose of this review is to take stock of all the most recent data available on the role of HMGB1 in the complications of DM.

scholarly journals Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Prostate Cancer: Present Knowledge and Future Perspectives

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Filippos Koinis ◽  
Anastasia Xagara ◽  
Evangelia Chantzara ◽  
Vassiliki Leontopoulou ◽  
Chrissovalantis Aidarinis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Tumor Types ◽  
Major Mediator

Several lines of research are being investigated to better understand mechanisms implicated in response or resistance to immune checkpoint blockade in prostate cancer (PCa). Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have emerged as a major mediator of immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment that promotes progression of various tumor types. The main mechanisms underlying MDSC-induced immunosuppression are currently being explored and strategies to enhance anti-tumor immune response via MDSC targeting are being tested. However, the role of MDSCs in PCa remains elusive. In this review, we aim to summarize and present the state-of-the-art knowledge on current methodologies to phenotypically and metabolically characterize MDSCs in PCa. We describe how these characteristics may be linked with MDSC function and may influence the clinical outcomes of patients with PCa. Finally, we briefly discuss emerging strategies being employed to therapeutically target MDSCs and potentiate the long-overdue improvement in the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with PCa.

Differentiation Between Osteoporotic And Neoplastic Vertebral Fractures: State Of The Art And Future Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Musa Aguiar ◽  
Paola Zarantonello ◽  
Maria Pilar Aparisi Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Fractures ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Common Condition ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Advanced Imaging ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Near Future

: Vertebral fractures are a common condition, occurring in the context of osteoporosis and malignancy. These entities affect a group of patients in the same age range; clinical features may be indistinct and symptoms non-existing, and thus present challenges to diagnosis. In this article, we review the use and accuracy of different imaging modalities available to characterize vertebral fracture etiology, from well-established classical techniques, to the role of new and advanced imaging techniques, and the prospective use of artificial intelligence. We also address the role of imaging on treatment. In the context of osteoporosis, the importance of opportunistic diagnosis is highlighted. In the near future, the use of automated computer-aided diagnostic algorithms applied to different imaging techniques may be really useful to aid on diagnosis.

scholarly journals Cariprazine in the management of negative symptoms of schizophrenia: state of the art and future perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. FNL52
Author(s):  
Christoph U Correll ◽  
Koen Demyttenaere ◽  
Andrea Fagiolini ◽  
Göran Hajak ◽  
Stefano Pallanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Dorsal Striatum ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
D3 Receptor ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Clinical Issue ◽  
Cortical Regions

In schizophrenia, dopaminergic hyperactivity in the mesolimbic regions, or possibly even selectively so in the dorsal striatum, seems to cause the emergence of psychotic symptoms, whereas dopaminergic hypoactivity in cortical regions underlies the negative symptoms and cognitive deficits. Managing the negative symptoms is a major current challenge in the treatment of schizophrenia with a dearth of novel modalities to address this clinical issue. Cariprazine is a novel second-generation antipsychotic that specifically targets the D3 receptor mainly associated to negative symptoms. The review summarizes the main issues regarding negative symptom management and the role of cariprazine treatment.

scholarly journals Γδ T Cell-Based Immunotherapy in Melanoma: State of the Art

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
F. Toia ◽  
A. B. Di Stefano ◽  
S. Meraviglia ◽  
E. Lo Presti ◽  
R. Pirrello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Γδ T Cell ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Adoptive Therapy ◽  
Clinical Reality

Metastatic melanoma is still associated with a poor prognosis, and there is increasing interest in immunotherapy alone or in combination with other adjuvant therapies. Γδ T lymphocytes play a pivot role in the immune response against cancer, but while γδ-based immunotherapy is already a clinical reality for several solid tumors, data on melanoma are still limited and fragmented. This systematic review presents preclinical and clinical evidence for a role of γδ T lymphocytes in immunotherapeutic strategies for advanced melanoma and discusses research state of the art and future perspectives. Current strategies focus on in vivo stimulation, and ex vivo adoptive therapy and vaccination; results are promising, but further studies are needed to better investigate the interactions in tumoral microenvironment and to improve clinical efficacy of immunotherapeutic protocols.

Role of Pharmacogenomics in Antiepileptic Drug Therapy: Current Status and Future Perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (37) ◽  
pp. 5760-5765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Gambardella ◽  
Angelo Labate ◽  
Laura Mumoli ◽  
Iscia Lopes-Cendes ◽  
Fernando Cendes
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Antiepileptic Drug ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Antiepileptic Drug Therapy

Coinage and the Tributary Mode of Production

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Manzano Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Role ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
The Social ◽  
Simple Question ◽  
Mode Of Production

This chapter addresses a very simple question: is it possible to frame coinage in the Early Middle Ages? The answer will be certainly yes, but will also acknowledge that we lack considerable amounts of relevant data potentially available through state-of-the-art methodologies. One problem is, though, that many times we do not really know the relevant questions we can pose on coins; another is that we still have not figured out the social role of coinage in the aftermath of the Roman Empire. This chapter shows a number of things that could only be known thanks to the analysis of coins. And as its title suggests it will also include some reflections on greed and generosity.

scholarly journals Water-Worked Gravel Bed: State-of-the-Art Review

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellora Padhi ◽  
Subhasish Dey ◽  
Venkappayya R. Desai ◽  
Nadia Penna ◽  
Roberto Gaudio
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Streamwise Velocity ◽  
Secondary Currents ◽  
Gravel Bed ◽  
Natural Stream ◽  
Art Research ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Water Work

In a natural gravel-bed stream, the bed that has an organized roughness structure created by the streamflow is called the water-worked gravel bed (WGB). Such a bed is entirely different from that created in a laboratory by depositing and spreading gravels in the experimental flume, called the screeded gravel bed (SGB). In this paper, a review on the state-of-the-art research on WGBs is presented, highlighting the role of water-work in determining the bed topographical structures and the turbulence characteristics in the flow. In doing so, various methods used to analyze the bed topographical structures are described. Besides, the effects of the water-work on the turbulent flow characteristics, such as streamwise velocity, Reynolds and form-induced stresses, conditional turbulent events and secondary currents in WGBs are discussed. Further, the results form WGBs and SGBs are compared critically. The comparative study infers that a WGB exhibits a higher roughness than an SGB. Consequently, the former has a higher magnitude of turbulence parameters than the latter. Finally, as a future scope of research, laboratory experiments should be conducted in WGBs rather than in SGBs to have an appropriate representation of the flow field close to a natural stream.

scholarly journals A review on the properties, reinforcing effects, and commercialization of nanomaterials for cement-based materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 303-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhifang Zhao ◽  
Tianqi Qi ◽  
Wei Zhou ◽  
David Hui ◽  
Cong Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cement Hydration ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Market Survey ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Nano Silica ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Cement Based Materials ◽  
The Cost

AbstractThe behavior of cement-based materials is manipulated by chemical and physical processes at the nanolevel. Therefore, the application of nanomaterials in civil engineering to develop nano-modified cement-based materials is a promising research. In recent decades, a large number of researchers have tried to improve the properties of cement-based materials by employing various nanomaterials and to characterize the mechanism of nano-strengthening. In this study, the state of the art progress of nano-modified cement-based materials is systematically reviewed and summarized. First, this study reviews the basic properties and dispersion methods of nanomaterials commonly used in cement-based materials, including carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, graphene, graphene oxide, nano-silica, nano-calcium carbonate, nano-calcium silicate hydrate, etc. Then the research progress on nano-engineered cementitious composites is reviewed from the view of accelerating cement hydration, reinforcing mechanical properties, and improving durability. In addition, the market and applications of nanomaterials for cement-based materials are briefly discussed, and the cost is creatively summarized through market survey. Finally, this study also summarizes the existing problems in current research and provides future perspectives accordingly.

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