An Overview of Galenic Preparation Methods for Medicinal Cannabis

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Romano ◽  
Arno Hazekamp
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Us States ◽  
The World ◽  
Medicinal Cannabis

In recent years, the Cannabis plant (Cannabis sativa L.) has been rediscovered as a source of new medicines around the world. Despite the fact that a number of registered medicines have been developed on the basis of purified cannabis components, there is a rapid increasing acceptance and use of cannabis in its herbal form. Licensed producers of high quality cannabis plants now operate in various countries including The Netherlands, Canada, Israel, and Australia, and in many US states. The legal availability of cannabis flowers allows to prescribe and prepare different cannabis galenic preparations by pharmacists. It is believed that synergy between cannabis components, known as “entourage effect”, may be responsible for the superior effects of using herbal cannabis versus isolated compounds. So far, only a few cannabis components have been properly characterized for their therapeutic potential, making it unclear which of the isolated compounds should be further developed into registered medicines. Until such products become available, simple and accessible galenic preparations from the cannabis plant could play an important role. In cannabis, phytochemical and pharmacological attention has been attributed mainly to four major cannabinoids (Δ9- tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, cannabigerol and cannabichromene) and to terpene components. This means a basic knowledge of these compounds and their bioavailability in different administration forms is useful for producers as well as prescribers of galenic preparations. This work will outline the most important aspects of cannabinoids and terpenes, and their behaviors during preparation and use of various administration forms including vaporizing, cannabis oils and extracts, tea, and skin creams.

scholarly journals Phytocannabinoids Profile in Medicinal Cannabis Oils: The Impact of Plant Varieties and Preparation Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Dei Cas ◽  
Eleonora Casagni ◽  
Antonella Casiraghi ◽  
Paola Minghetti ◽  
Diego Maria Michele Fornasari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Official Gazette ◽  
Italian Law ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Medicinal Cannabis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Correct Implementation

Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) is a highly promising medicinal plant with well-documented effectiveness and growing use in the treatment of various medical conditions. Cannabis oils are mostly used in galenic preparations, due to their easy adjustment of the administration dose, together with the enhanced bioavailability of its active compounds. As stated by the Italian Law (9/11/2015, 279 Official Gazette), “to ensure the quality of the oil-based cannabis preparation, the titration of the active substance(s) should be carried out.” This study aims to represent the Italian panorama of cannabis oils, which were analyzed (8,201) to determine their cannabinoids content from 2017 to 2019. After application of the exclusion criteria, 4,774 standardized cannabis oils were included, which belong to different medicinal cannabis varieties and prepared according to different extraction methods. The concentration of the principal cannabinoids was taken into account dividing samples on the basis of the main extraction procedures and cannabis varieties. According to this analysis, the most substantial variations should be attributed to different cannabis varieties rather than to their extraction protocols. This study may be the starting point of preparatory pharmacists to assess the correct implementation of the preparation procedures and the quality of the extracts.

A Hishikawa School Screen Uncovered

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-233
Author(s):  
Menno Fitski ◽  
Lucien Van Valen
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Women's Roles ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Women’S Roles ◽  
The World ◽  
A Performance

The restoration of a Japanese eight-fold screen, accompanied by art-historical study and research into materials and techniques has greatly enhanced the understanding of the object. Each side bears a painting and it was found that theoldest painting depicts the world of entertainment in Edo in the late seventeenth century, with a portrayal of the Nakamura theatre, holding a performance of the early kabuki play Coming and Going to Takayasu, featuring the then popular actor of women’s roles Tamagawa Sennojō. The source of this scene is an illustration from a 1678 book by Hishikawa Moronobu, Tales of Actors Past and Present. Also, there is an outing to view the cherry blossoms by the Yoshiwara brothel Myōgaya. The other side was fitted in the mid nineteenth century with a specially commissioned painting of an autumn landscape by the painter Itabashi Tsurao, using high-quality pigments. The provenance of the screen has been traced back to 1924, to the dealer Felix Tikotin. It was acquired by Herman Karel Westendorp, the firstchairman of the Royal Asian Art Society in the Netherlands, the present owner, to whom Westendorp sold it in 1931.

Analysis Criteria for Choosing Energy Efficient High-Quality Light Sources and Luminaires

2018 ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Gennady Ya. Vagin ◽  
Eugene B. Solntsev ◽  
Oleg Yu. Malafeev
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
The World ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Energy Labelling

The article analyses critera applying to the choice of energy efficient high quality light sources and luminaires, which are used in Russian domestic and international practice. It is found that national standards GOST P 54993–2012 and GOST P 54992– 2012 contain outdated criteria for determining indices and classes of energy efficiency of light sources and luminaires. They are taken from the 1998 EU Directive #98/11/EU “Electric lamps”, in which LED light sources and discharge lamps of high intensity were not included. A new Regulation of the European Union #874/2012/EU on energy labelling of electric lamps and luminaires, in which these light sources are taken into consideration, contains a new technique of determining classes of energy efficiency and new, higher classes are added. The article has carried out a comparison of calculations of the energy efficiency classes in accordance with GOST P 54993 and with Regulation #874/2012/EU, and it is found out that a calculation using GOST P 54993 gives underrated energy efficiency classes. This can lead to interdiction of export for certain light sources and luminaires, can discredit Russian domestic manufacturer light sources and does not correspond to the rules of the World Trade Organization (WTO).

Dreams Give Birth to Reality”. Engraving Austroseraphicum Coelum as an Attempt to Create a New Reality by the Spanish Habsburgs Dynastic Propaganda / Sny rodzą rzeczywistość…”. Grafika Austroseraphicum Coelum jako próba kreowania nowej rzeczywistości za pomocą propagandy dynastycznej Habsburgów hiszpańskich

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Kurowiak
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
General Condition ◽  
Symbolic System ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Mission Of God ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
The Church

AbstractAs a work of propaganda, graphics Austroseraphicum Coelum Paulus Pontius should create a new reality, make appearances. The main impression while seeing the graphics is the admiration for the power of Habsburgs, which interacts with the power of the Mother of God. She, in turn, refers the viewer to God, as well as Franciscans placed on the graphic, they become a symbol of the Church. This is a starting point for further interpretation of the drawing. By the presence of certain characters, allegories, symbols, we can see references to a particular political situation in the Netherlands - the war with the northern provinces of Spain. The message of the graphic is: the Spanish Habsburgs, commissioned by the mission of God, they are able to fight all of the enemies, especially Protestants, with the help of Immaculate and the Franciscans. The main aim of the graphic is to convince the viewer that this will happen and to create in his mind a vision of the new reality. But Spain was in the seventeenth century nothing but a shadow of former itself (in the time of Philip IV the general condition of Spain get worse). That was the reason why they wanted to hold the belief that the empire continues unwavering. The form of this work (graphics), also allowed to export them around the world, and the ambiguity of the symbolic system, its contents relate to different contexts, and as a result, the Habsburgs, not only Spanish, they could promote their strength everywhere. Therefore it was used very well as a single work of propaganda, as well as a part of a broader campaign

BROADCASTING PRODUCTS OF THE RADIO STATION «LVIVSKA KHVYLYA»: THE GENRE AND THEMATIC CHARACTERISTICS

2019 ◽  
Vol 25242644 ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
Vitalii Handziuk
Keyword(s):  
Radio Station ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Fm Radio ◽  
The World

The main principles of developing of a program concept, target, genre-thematic and audience intended purposes of the Ukrainian FM-radio station «Lvivska khvylya» radio series are considered. It’s concluded that the radio «Lvivskа khvylya» successfully creates the actual, original content of the broadcast, hold onto the genres of radio journalism and the formula of radio success – a beautiful and cheerful mood, a friendly and relaxed atmosphere, a lively conversation; promptly informs the audience about current and important events in the country and in the world; journalists create high-quality content – informational, analytical, entertainment and musical radio series.

Efisiensi Lighting Dan Rendering Dalam Film Pendek Animasi 3d Bed Time Story

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Christian Aditya
Keyword(s):  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
3D Animation ◽  
The World

Light, Everything we currently, ever, or will see in the world, the fact is due to the presence of light. without light there is no color, shape, and of course we cannot distinguish the material, distance, and the nature of the object when not it’s not illuminated by light. Therefore the author felt it is important to discuss about lighting, especially for applications in the author’s field of interest, 3D Animation. In this journal, will be found an alternative to a more efficient way to do lighting and rendering in 3D animation projects using a variety of theories and basic knowledge of light. Keywords: Bed Time Story, animation, 3D, lighting, rendering

Critical Review on the Chemical Aspects of Cannabidiol (CBD) and Harmonization of Computational Bioactivity Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Mastinu ◽  
Giovanni Ribaudo ◽  
Alberto Ongaro ◽  
Sara Anna Bonini ◽  
Maurizio Memo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
The Novel ◽  
In Silico Studies ◽  
Computational Data ◽  
Synthetic Approaches ◽  
Analytical Approaches ◽  
Yield Sensitivity ◽  
Therapeutic Profile

: Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid which represents one of the constituents of the “phytocomplex” of Cannabis sativa. This natural compound is attracting growing interest since when CBD-based remedies and commercial products were marketed. This review aims to exhaustively address the extractive and analytical approaches that have been developed for the isolation and quantification of CBD. Recent updates on cutting-edge technologies were critically examined in terms of yield, sensitivity, flexibility and performances in general, and are reviewed alongside original representative results. As an add-on to currently available contributions in the literature, the evolution of the novel, efficient synthetic approaches for the preparation of CBD, a procedure which is appealing for the pharmaceutical industry, is also discussed. Moreover, with the increasing interest on the therapeutic potential of CBD and the limited understanding of the undergoing biochemical pathways, the reader will be updated about recent in silico studies on the molecular interactions of CBD towards several different targets attempting to fill this gap. Computational data retrieved from the literature have been integrated with novel in silico experiments, critically discussed to provide a comprehensive and updated overview on the undebatable potential of CBD and its therapeutic profile.

A Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research on Lophomonas sp. in Scopus (1933-2019)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Keighobadi ◽  
Maryam Nakhaei ◽  
Ali Sharifpour ◽  
Ali Akbar Khasseh ◽  
Sepideh Safanavaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
International Collaboration ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Scopus Database ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Global Research

Background: This study was designed to analyze the global research on Lophomonas spp. using bibliometric techniques. Methods: A bibliometric research was carried out using the Scopus database. The analysis unit was the research articles conducted on Lophomonas spp. Results: Totally, 56 articles about Lophomonas spp. were indexed in the Scopus throughout 1933-2019 ( 87 years ) with the following information: (A) The first article was published in 1933; (B) 21 different countries contributed in studies related to Lophomonas spp.; (C) China ranked first with 16 publications about Lophomonas spp.; and (D) “Brugerolle, G” and “Beams, H.W.” from France and the US participated in 4 articles respectively, as the highest number of publications in the Lophomonas spp. network. Discussion: After 87 years, Lophomonas still remains unknown for many researchers and physicians around the world. Further studies with high quality and international collaboration are urgently needed to determine different epidemiological aspects and the real burden of the mysterious parasite worldwide.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Detlef Pollack ◽  
Gergely Rosta
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
West Germany ◽  
World Today ◽  
The World ◽  
Degree Of Stability ◽  
Important Exception ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Religious Landscape

In recantation of his earlier approach, Peter L. Berger now claims: ‘The world today, with some exceptions […], is as furiously religious as it ever was, and in some places more so than ever.’ The most important exception that Berger refers to is Western Europe. The introduction to Part II provides an overview of the religious landscape in Western Europe. The data show that the current religious situation in the countries of Western Europe is in fact subject to considerable variation. It would therefore be erroneous to describe Western Europe as secularized. At the same time, the data reveal that there have been clear secularization tendencies over the last few decades. To grasp the diversity of religious tendencies, Part II deals with three cases: West Germany with moderate downward tendencies, Italy with a considerably high degree of stability, and the Netherlands displaying disproportionately strong secularizing tendencies.

The Paradox of “A High Standard of Public Honesty”

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Kennedy ◽  
Ronald Kroeze
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Dutch Republic ◽  
Liberal Politics ◽  
Patronage Politics ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
Late Nineteenth

This chapter takes as its starting point the contemporary idea that the Netherlands is one of the least corrupt countries in the world; an idea that it dates back to the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. In this chapter, the authors explain how corruption was controlled in the Netherlands against the background of the rise and fall of the Dutch Republic, modern statebuilding and liberal politics. However, the Dutch case also presents some complexities: first, the decrease in some forms of corruption was due not to early democratization or bureaucratization, but was rather a side-effect of elite patronage-politics; second, although some early modern forms of corruption disappeared around this period, new forms have emerged in more recent times.

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