Nanomaterials and Aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
Chen-Chen Mao ◽  
Xiaoxiao Cai
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tetrahedral Framework ◽  
Silica Nanomaterials ◽  
New Type ◽  
Secretory Phenotype ◽  
Reducing Properties

As the proportion of the elderly population increases, more and more people suffer from aging-related diseases. Even if aging is inevitable, prolonging the time of healthy aging, delaying the progression of aging-related diseases, and the incidence of morbidity can greatly alleviate the pressure on individuals and society. Current research and exploration in the field of materials related to aging are expanding tremendously. Here, we present a summary of recent research in the field of nanomaterials relevant to aging. Some nanomaterials, such as silica nanomaterials (NMs) and carbon nanotubes, cause damage to the cells similar to aging processes. Other nanomaterials such as fullerenes and metalbased nanomaterials can protect the body from endogenous and exogenous harmful substances such as ROS by virtue of their excellent reducing properties. Another new type of nucleic acid nanomaterial, tetrahedral framework nucleic acids, works effectively against cell damage. This material selectively clears existing senescent cells in the tissue and thus prevents the development of the chronic inflammatory environment caused by senescent cells secreting senescence-associated secretory phenotype to the surroundings. We believe that nanomaterials have tremendous potential to advance the understanding and treatment of aging-related disorders, and today's research only represents the beginning stages.

scholarly journals Nutrition and Healthy Aging: Prevention and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Diseases

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4337
Author(s):  
Neri Maria Cristina ◽  
d’Alba Lucia
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Effective Prevention

Nutritional well-being is a fundamental aspect for the health, autonomy and, therefore, the quality of life of all people, but especially of the elderly. It is estimated that at least half of non-institutionalized elderly people need nutritional intervention to improve their health and that 85% have one or more chronic diseases that could improve with correct nutrition. Although prevalence estimates are highly variable, depending on the population considered and the tool used for its assessment, malnutrition in the elderly has been reported up to 50%. Older patients are particularly at risk of malnutrition, due to multiple etiopathogenetic factors which can lead to a reduction or utilization in the intake of nutrients, a progressive loss of functional autonomy with dependence on food, and psychological problems related to economic or social isolation, e.g., linked to poverty or loneliness. Changes in the aging gut involve the mechanical disintegration of food, gastrointestinal motor function, food transit, intestinal wall function, and chemical digestion of food. These alterations progressively lead to the reduced ability to supply the body with adequate levels of nutrients, with the consequent development of malnutrition. Furthermore, studies have shown that the quality of life is impaired both in gastrointestinal diseases, but especially in malnutrition. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of malnutrition in elderly people is necessary to promote the knowledge of age-related changes in appetite, food intake, homeostasis, and body composition in order to better develop effective prevention and intervention strategies to achieve healthy aging.

scholarly journals Low Back Pain in Elderly from Belém-Pa, Brazil: Prevalence and Association with Functional Disability

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1658
Author(s):  
Elaine Miyuka Sato ◽  
Mauricio Oliveira Magalhães ◽  
Beatriz Coelho Jenkins ◽  
Lays da Silva Ferreira ◽  
Hallyson Andrey Raposo da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Modifiable Factors

Background: This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) in the elderly population living in Belém-Pará and to assess the spectrum of problems related to these diseases including the demographic, socioeconomic, occupational characteristics and disability in this population. Methods: Three structured questionnaires were applied in a randomly selected representative sample of 512 elderly people aged ≥60 years. Results: LBP prevalence in the elderly population was 55.7%. Among then, 56.1% had pain at the time of the interview (punctual prevalence), 91.7% had LBP in the last 365 days (prevalence in the last year), and 85.3% at some point in life (prevalence at some point in life). Overall, most studies are above average. LBP was positively associated with hypertension and the influence of the physical and mental health on their social activities ranged from slightly to extreme. LBP was negatively associated with characteristics, such as education (over 11 years), class A or B income, physical activity, high satisfaction with previous work, and excellent self-perceived health, corroborating to the literature. Conclusions: Greater intensity of pain and functional disability were associated with the presence of comorbidities, smoking habits, and low physical activity. LBP prevalence was high, above the national average, mainly affecting the underprivileged classes related to several modifiable factors, highlighting the importance of preventive and interventionist actions for healthy aging.

Development of a wheeled walker braking device using the four-bar mechanism

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-437
Author(s):  
ChangMin Choi ◽  
Se-Han Lee ◽  
DongGeon Lee ◽  
SoungKyun Hong ◽  
SeungHyeon Pyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Speed Control ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Frail Older People ◽  
Safety Device ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Experience Difficulty

Abstract The elderly population in many countries has been rising rapidly, and falls are a serious event many elderly people experience. Assistive equipment is actively used to reduce falls among elderly people. Popular types of assistive equipment include canes, electric wheelchairs, and wheeled walkers. Wheeled walkers support the body of elderly people, making their gait comfortable as they age or recover from injuries. Wheeled walkers may be equipped with hand brakes; however, frail older people may experience difficulty using such hand brakes, as they require force to operate. Thus, in the present study, a braking method using a wire connected to a user’s belt or clothes was designed and implemented; if the tension of the wire connecting the safety device and the user exceeds a critical value, the wheeled walker brakes, which can prevent the rapid motion of walkers. Two feasibility tests of the wheeled walker with the braking device were conducted: one with 10 healthy adults in their 20s and the other with 10 elderly people over 65 years of age; the tests measured the braking time and speed control using a speed measuring device. The results of the first and second feasibility tests demonstrated that the average braking time of participants was 50.3 ms and 50.7 ms, respectively. All participants in the feasibility tests succeeded in the speed control test. Thus, based on the results, the braking device on the wheeled walker worked properly.

scholarly journals Changing from a Western to a Mediterranean-style diet does not affect iron or selenium status: results of the New Dietary Strategies Addressing the Specific Needs of the Elderly Population for Healthy Aging in Europe (NU-AGE) 1-year randomized clinical trial in elderly Europeans

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Jennings ◽  
Jonathan Tang ◽  
Rachel Gillings ◽  
Antonio Perfecto ◽  
John Dutton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Serum Selenium ◽  
Selenium Status ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Dietary Strategies ◽  
Study Center

ABSTRACT Background Mediterranean diets limit red meat consumption and increase intakes of high-phytate foods, a combination that could reduce iron status. Conversely, higher intakes of fish, a good source of selenium, could increase selenium status. Objectives A 1-y randomized controlled trial [New Dietary Strategies Addressing the Specific Needs of the Elderly Population for Healthy Aging in Europe (NU-AGE)] was carried out in older Europeans to investigate the effects of consuming a Mediterranean-style diet on indices of inflammation and changes in nutritional status. Methods Selenium and iron intakes and status biomarkers were measured at baseline and after 1 y in 1294 people aged 65–79 y from 5 European countries (France, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, and the United Kingdom) who had been randomly allocated either to a Mediterranean-style diet or to remain on their habitual, Western diet. Results Estimated selenium intakes increased significantly with the intervention group (P < 0.01), but were not accompanied by changes in serum selenium concentrations. Iron intakes also increased (P < 0.001), but there was no change in iron status. However, when stratified by study center, there were positive effects of the intervention on iron status for serum ferritin for participants in Italy (P = 0.04) and France (P = 0.04) and on soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) for participants in Poland (P < 0.01). Meat intake decreased and fish intake increased to a greater degree in the intervention group, relative to the controls (P < 0.01 for both), but the overall effects of the intervention on meat and fish intakes were mainly driven by data from Poland and France. Changes in serum selenium in the intervention group were associated with greater changes in serum ferritin (P = 0.01) and body iron (P = 0.01), but not sTfR (P = 0.73); there were no study center × selenium status interactions for the iron biomarkers. Conclusions Consuming a Mediterranean-style diet for 1 y had no overall effect on iron or selenium status, although there were positive effects on biomarkers of iron status in some countries. The NU-AGE trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01754012.

scholarly journals Cognitive Training in the Elderly: Bottlenecks and New Avenues

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1473-1482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahid Zokaei ◽  
Christopher MacKellar ◽  
Giedrė Čepukaitytė ◽  
Eva Zita Patai ◽  
Anna Christina Nobre
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
Computer Based

Development of measures to preserve cognitive function or even reverse cognitive decline in the ever-growing elderly population is the focus of many research and commercial efforts. One such measure gaining in popularity is the development of computer-based interventions that “exercise” cognitive functions. Computer-based cognitive training has the potential to be specific and flexible, accommodates feedback, and is highly accessible. As in most budding fields, there are still considerable inconsistencies across methodologies and results, as well as a lack of consensus on a comprehensive assessment protocol. We propose that the success of training-based therapeutics will rely on targeting specific cognitive functions, informed by comprehensive and sensitive batteries that can provide a “fingerprint” of an individual's abilities. Instead of expecting a panacea from training regimens, focused and personalized training interventions that accommodate individual differences should be developed to redress specific patterns of deficits in cognitive rehabilitation, both in healthy aging and in disease.

Quantification of Sternal Morphology Across Ages and Genders Using Image Segmentation and Registration Techniques

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley A. Weaver ◽  
Callistus M. Nguyen ◽  
Joel D. Stitzel
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crash ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thoracic Injury ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Crash Injuries ◽  
Serious Injuries

Thoracic injury ranks second only to head injury in motor vehicle crash injuries in terms of the number of fatalities and serious injuries, the body region most often injured, and the overall economic cost [1, 2]. Skeletal and physiological resilience are known to decline with age, resulting in a decreased ability for the body to withstand traumatic insults [3]. Adults 65 years of age and older constitute more than 12% of the current population and with increases in life expectancy, the elderly population is projected to reach nearly 20% by 2030 [4].

scholarly journals Perubahan Fungsi Paru Pada Usia Tua

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Helmia Hasan ◽  
Rena Arusita Maranatha
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory System ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Maximum Function ◽  
Progressive Decline ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Clinical Complexity ◽  
And Function

Aging causes many changes in biological processes characterized by progressive and widespread changes associated with increased susceptibility to various diseases. Aging is not a homogeneous process. In contrast, human organs aging at different rates are affected by several factors, including genetic factors, lifestyle, and environmental exposure. Healthy aging remains accompanied by some morphological and functional changes in the respiratory system. During the first two decades of life, the lungs undergo a phase of growth and maturation. Respiratory system achieves maximum function at the age of 20 years for women and 25 years for men. Throughout the rest of life, aging is associated with a progressive decline in pulmonary performance and function. The normal aging of the respiratory system is associated with structural and functional decline in the respiratory system, resulting in increased respiratory work compared to younger subjects and is associated with reduced reserves in cases of acute illness, such as heart failure, infection, or airway obstruction. Pulmonary function decreases slowly throughout life even in healthy people. Disabilities and diseases related to aging are a global problem due to the longevity of life expectancy. An increased proportion of the elderly population is a challenge for doctors because of the clinical complexity of the elderly. A better understanding of change can help diagnose and treat lung disease in the elderly population.

scholarly journals Quality of life among elderly population in an urban slum of Tirupati city

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2430
Author(s):  
Visweswara Rao Guthi ◽  
Tirupati Venkata Devi Prathyusha ◽  
Nagaraj Kondagunta ◽  
Nakkala Kavyasree ◽  
Chimmata Kavitha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Population

Background: Healthy aging is a process of developing and maintaining the functional ability that enables well- being in older age. Objective of the present study is to assess the quality of life among elderly population using WHOQOL-BREF scale and to determine the association between socio demographic factors and quality of life.Methods: Community based cross- sectional study was conducted in the urban field practice areas of SVIMS-Sri Padmavathi Medical College for women, Tirupati for a period of one month (February 2019 to March 2019). Study population were Elderly of age 60 years and above. Total 60 elderly were included in the study. Quality of life was assessed using WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire.Results: Most of the study population was in the age group of 60-64 years, Most of them were females (71.7%). More than one third were illiterates (36.7%), 30% were studied up to primary school. 93.3% of study population were suffered from some form of illness. Mean total transformed score was high among ≥70 years compared to <70 years, Males were showing high mean total transformed score compared to females, literates were showing high score and persons with illness were showing high scores and persons without illness.Conclusions: It is concluded from this study that most of the elderly population are suffered from some form of illness. Overall quality of life is good among elderly within 70 years of age, males, literates and who are in living as married compared to their counter parts.

Physiology of Geriatrics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina M. Matadial
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Age Related

The aging population is growing and life expectancy is prolonged. The elderly population is able to enjoy prolonged life with good management of their chronic conditions. Many elderly do not have medical conditions but we still see a decline in their organ function and physiologic reserve that weighs in on their daily living. As well these changes in anatomy, physiology and chemistry puts them at risk of developing medical conditions and experience adverse outcomes during surgery and anesthesia. The central nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, hepatic and renal systems all work together and are affected as a whole with aging causing physiologic changes but also compensatory mechanisms. In this review we will study the aging physiology of the body and touch on its implications in anesthesia. This review contains 5 figures, 3 tables, and  55 references. Keywords: Healthy aging, age-related changes, Postoperative cognitive dysfunction, diastolic dysfunction, vascular stiffening, ventricular arterial coupling, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Spirometry, Glomerular Filtration Rate, hallmarks of aging

scholarly journals MENOPAUSE (RAJO NIVRUTTI) AND OBESITY (STHOULYA) - A CRITICAL REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 08 (11) ◽  
pp. 5115-5120
Author(s):  
Usha K S ◽  
Gurdip Singh
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Aetiological Factor ◽  
Disease Entity ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Female Population

Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the recent years. Modern lifestyle and dietary habits often take the blame for its rise. Obesity acts as a risk factor for many non-communicable diseases like diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, hypertension. Obesity is also outcome of many changes in the body. One of the causes of obesity in female population is menopause. Since menopause brings along with it a plethora of ailments, obesity is treated as any other lifestyle disorder. There is a need to study Sthoulya (obesity) through the aetiological factor mentioned by Charaka as Javoparodha or explained by Chakrapani as Jaroparodha- early onset of old age. There is an urgent need to treat obesity from the per-spective of menopause. Menopause can occur at any age from 45-55 years. But the aftereffects of meno-pause may persist well into the age of 65-70 years. In the next decade there will be a rise in the geriatric population by 56% in the world. In India geriatric population will be 12.5% of the total population. Ac-cording to the national census of 2011in India, there are 53 million females in the elderly population com-pared to the male population of 51 million. The female geriatric population may have a completely differ-ent set of ailments compared to that of male geriatric population. Hence Sthoulya due to menopause should be considered a separate disease entity and the management should be that of hormonal rehabilitation than just replacement.

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