Nano-emulgel: Emerging as a Smarter Topical Lipidic Emulsion-based Nanocarrier for Skin Healthcare Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumar Anand ◽  
Subhabrata Ray ◽  
Mahfoozur Rahman ◽  
Adil Shaharyar ◽  
Rudranil Bhowmik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Healthcare Applications ◽  
Topical Gel ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Approved Drugs

Background: In recent decades, enormous efforts for different drug discovery processes have led to a number of drug molecules available today to overcome different challenges of the health care system. Unfortunately, more than half of these drugs are listed in either BCS (biopharmaceutical classification system) class II/ IV or both are eliminated from the development pipeline due to their limited clinical use. A nanotechnological approach bears much hope and lipoidal fabrication is found to be suitable for the delivery of such drugs. Nanoemulsion based gel i.e. nanoemulgel out of different nanolipoidal formulations has been found to be a suitable approach to successful drug delivery through topical routes. In past few years many herbal and synthetic active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) has been patented as nano sized emulsified gel for various therapeutic activities. Methods: Nanoemulgel is basically an emulsion-based topical gel formulation, where nanosized emulsion globules can be prepared with the help of high energy or low energy methods and further converted into nanoemulgel by adding a suitable gelling agent. Nanoemulgel fabrication enlists various kinds of polymeric materials, surfactants and fatty substances of natural, synthetic and semi-synthetic nature with a globule size range from 5 to 500 nm. Results: Nanoemulgel can be applicable to various acute and chronic diseases through topical routes. Conclusion: Nanoemulgel preparations of many recently approved drugs are being used successfully in different areas of health care and have re-defined the significance of topical route of delivery as compared to other routes. However, along with various improvements in the current state of the delivery system, the safety factor needs to be taken into account by toxicological studies of the materials used in such formulations.

Rotary Power Loss Machine

1959 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 915-939
Author(s):  
D. Bulgin ◽  
G. D. Hubbard
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Fixed Temperature ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Materials Used

Abstract Rubberlike polymeric materials, particularly in the technical form when compounded with carbon black, are imperfectly elastic and the associated energy loss is of considerable practical significance. In some applications a high energy loss is of value to provide high damping, but in many cases and particularly in tires, the temperature rise due to the losses may be a limiting operational factor. The losses cause the tire to exhibit rolling resistance which, in the case of solid tires, can be related accurately to the modulus and resilience of the rubber. An analysis of this system has been carried out by Evans, while Tabor has considered the case of rigid cylinders and spheres rolling on flexible rubber surfaces. In the case of pneumatic tires the composite nature of the construction of fabric and rubber and the complex system of strain distribution make the calculation of rolling resistance from polymer properties extremely complicated. In order to approach this problem it is necessary to know the modulus and resilience of the materials used over a very wide range of temperature and a range of amplitude of deformation and of frequency. The required temperature range may be from −60° C to above 200° C, but the frequency range over which appreciable amplitudes are involved does not extend beyond approximately a thousand cycles per second while the amplitude of deformation does not exceed 50 per cent. In order to investigate adequately the many possible combinations of polymers and compounding systems, the values of resilience and modulus are required over the above range of conditions, and various instruments have been described which measure some or all of these properties. The rebound pendulum was one of the earliest instruments and is widely used for the measurement of resilience because of its inherent simplicity of operation and high accuracy, but as normally operated at a fixed temperature does not provide sufficient information for evaluation of materials for use in tires. This type of instrument also is not well suited for determination of modulus owing to its single cycle method of operation. The vibrator type instruments give more complete information but normally demand a high degree of skill in their operation and in the interpretation of results and are more suited to research than routine work.

Efficacy of An Aqueous Morinda citrifolia Fruit Extract-Phytosome Gel in Treating Oral Inflammatory Ulcer in Rabbit Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 1699-1710
Author(s):  
Sonsawan Kongpuckdee ◽  
Suwipa Ungphaiboon ◽  
Supreedee Sungkharak ◽  
Narubodee Phadoongsombut ◽  
Sirima Mahattanadul
Keyword(s):  
Ulcer Healing ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Oral Ulcer ◽  
Poloxamer 407 ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Topical Gel ◽  
Daily Application

Background: Oral inflammatory ulcers are one of the common complaints of patients attending out-patient clinics. Previous in vivo studies had shown that an Aqueous M. citrifolia Fruit Extract (AMFE) possessed anti-inflammatory and ulcer healing activities. Therefore, a standardized topical bioadhesive gel containing AMFE-phytosome was developed and determined for its oral ulcer healing efficacy in a rabbit model. Methods: The AMFE phytosome (AMFE-P) was prepared by a complexation method with the required amount of AMFE: Phosphatidylcholine: Tween 80 to weigh ratio of 2:1:0.2. Poloxamer 407 was used as a gelling agent. The oral ulcer was induced in male New Zealand white rabbits by topical application of acetic acid. Each test compound was applied to the ulcer for 10 days beginning on the second day after the ulcer induction. Complete ulcer healing on the specimen obtained on day 12 was observed histologically using the histological scoring protocol. Results: The optimized gel containing AMFE-P equivalent to AMFE 10%w/w (10%AMFE-P gel) showed the best bioadhesive gel quality, a smooth and homogeneous texture with an optimum viscosity and pH range used in human oral cavity, a good physical and chemical stability and the highest percentage cumulative release of total phenolic and scopoletin content. It was found that a daily application of 10% AMFE-P gel exerted a superior ulcer healing efficacy and a significantly rapid ulcer healing process than a twice daily application of topical gel containing AMFE 10%w/w or chlorhexidine 0.2%. Conclusion: These findings demonstrated that 10% AMFE-P gel has potential as a safe and effective alternative therapeutic agent for oral ulcers.

Evaluation of Abrasive Wear of Polymeric Materials Using Single-Pass Pendulum Scratching

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Torres Piza Paes ◽  
Antonio Marcos Rego Motta ◽  
Lauro Lemos Lontra Filho ◽  
Juliano Ose´ias de Morais ◽  
Sine´sio Domingues Franco
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Wear Mechanisms ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Scratch Resistance ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Sediment Layer ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Energy Dissipated

Scratching abrasion due to rubbing against the sediment layer is an important degradation mechanism of flexible cable in deep water oil and natural gas exploitation. The present study was initiated to gain relevant data on the wear behaviour of some commercial materials used to externally protect these cables. So, Comparison tests were carried out using the single-point scratching technique, which consists of a sharp point mounted at the extremity of a pendulum. The energy dissipated during the scratching is used to evaluate the relative scratch resistance. The results showed, that the contact geometry strongly affects the specific scratching energy. Using SEM imaging, it was found, that these changes were related to the operating wear mechanisms. The observed wear mechanisms are also compared with those observed on some cables in deep water operations.

Development of a resistivity standard for polymeric materials used in photovoltaic modules

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Kempe ◽  
David C. Miller ◽  
Dylan L. Nobles ◽  
Keiichiro Sakurai ◽  
John Tucker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Materials Used

The immune system and its response to polymeric materials used for craniofacial regeneration

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Ana Lilia García-Henández ◽  
Janeth Serrano-Bello ◽  
Marco Antonio Alvarez-Perez ◽  
Ernesto Cifuentes-Mendiola ◽  
Patricia González-Alva
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Materials Used

The life cycle and in silico elucidation of non-structural replicating proteins of HCV through a pharmacoinformatics approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana Adnan Tahir ◽  
Sumera Mughal ◽  
Amina Nazir ◽  
Asma Noureen ◽  
Ayesha Jawad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Nonstructural Proteins ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Liver Transplantations ◽  
Pharmacophore Generation ◽  
Approved Drugs

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an enveloped and positive-stranded RNA virus that is a major causative agent of chronic liver diseases worldwide. HCV has become the main cause of liver transplantations and there is no effective drug for all hepatitis genotypes. Elucidation of life cycle and nonstructural proteins of HCV involved in viral replication are the attractive targets for the development of antiviral drugs. Methods: In this work, pharmacoinformatics approaches coupled with docking analyses were applied on HCV nonstructural proteins to identify the novel potential hits and HCV drugs. Molecular docking analyses were carried out on HCV approved drugs followed by the ligand-based pharmacophore generation to screen the antiviral libraries for novel potential hits. Results: Virtual screening technique has made known the top-ranked five novel compounds (ZINC00607900, ZINC03635748, ZINC03875543, ZINC04097464, and ZINC12503102) along with the least binding energy (-8.0 kcal/mol, -6.1 kcal/mol, -7.5 kcal/mol, -7.4 kcal/mol, and -7.3 kcal/mol respectively) and stability with non-structural proteins target. Conclusion: These promising hits exhibited better absorption and ADMET properties as compared to the selected drug molecules. These potential compounds extracted from in silico approach may be significant in drug design and development against Hepatitis and other liver diseases.

A scientific investigation of five polymeric materials used in the conservation of murals in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Bomin ◽  
Zhang Huabing ◽  
Zhang Binjian ◽  
Jiang Deqiang ◽  
Zhang Rui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Scientific Investigation ◽  
Mogao Grottoes ◽  
Materials Used

scholarly journals Nutritional and toxicological analysis of phoenix dactylifera (date palm) powder used as a drink

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-269
Author(s):  
Tehmina Sohail ◽  
Nida Saleem ◽  
Hina Imran ◽  
Zahra Yaqeen ◽  
Atiq Ur Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Science ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Fresh Fruit ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Observation Period

Objective: Phoenix dactylifera fruit widely used in Muslim countries.They have religious attachment to it and also it had many health benefits. It is essential to investigate nutritional values of Phoenix dactylifera fruit in dried powder form and to find out any toxicological changes during processing of this dried powder drink.Method: Dried date powder was prepared from fresh fruit by drying it and its nutritional value and toxicological studies were carried out. The acute oral toxicity study of date powder was conducted on wistar strain rats by oral route in a dose of 0.5g/kg body weight and 0.1g/kg body weight.Result: The results of biochemical analysis of dehydrated date powder exhibited that it possesses high energy value of 311 Kcal, carbohydrate 70.5%, dietary fiber 7.3%, fat content 2.1%, protein 2.6%, and mineral content 2.2%. Whereas, total sugar was found to be as 63.2% and moisture content 2.3%. The test drink showed no sign of toxicity or death during the whole observation period (fourteen days) in rats. No group of animal showed any unusual change in behavior or in locomotors activity. The macroscopic studies of vital organs i.e. heart, liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys exhibited that they were normal.Conclusion: As a result of these studies it can be concluded that from processing of fresh fruit to dried powder along with its nutritional and toxicological studies no hazardous material like toxins were produced. So it can be used safely.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(2) 2018 p.263-269

Tribology study of hydroxyapatite (HAp) scaffold blended single based binder via rheology and mechanical properties

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-419
Author(s):  
Mimi Azlina Abu Bakar ◽  
Siti Norazlini Abd Aziz ◽  
Muhammad Hussain Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Injection Molding ◽  
Palm Stearin ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Injection Molding Process ◽  
Plastic Behavior ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Content Type

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the vital characteristic of an innovative ceramic injection molding (CIM) process for orthopedic application with controlled porosity and improved tribological and mechanical properties which were affected by complex tribological interactions, whether lubricated like hip implants and other artificial prostheses. The main objective is to maximize the usage of palm stearin as a single based binder as the function of flow properties during injection molding process. Design/methodology/approach The binder used in this present study consists of 100 per cent palm stearin manufactured by Kempas Oil Sdn Bhd and supplied by Vistec Technology Sdn Bhd. The feedstock was prepared by using a Z-blade mixer (Thermo Haake Rheomix OS) and Brabender mixer model R2400. The feedstock prepared was injection molded using a manually operated vertical benchtop machine with an average pressure of about 5-7 bars. The firing step included the temporary holds at intermediate temperatures to burn out organic binders. At this stage, the green molded specimen was de-bound using a single-step wick-debinding method. Findings The maximum content of ceramic material is applied to investigate the efficiencies of net formulation that can be achieved by ceramic materials. The longer the viscosity will change with shear rate, the higher the value of n obtained instead. From the slope of the curves obtained in Figure 3, the value of n for the feedstock was determined to be less than 1, which indicates a pseudoplastic behavior and suitability for the molding process. Moreover, high shear sensitivity is important in producing complex and intrinsic specimens which are leading products in the CIM industry. Originality/value The feedstock containing HAp powder and palm stearin binder was successfully prepared at very low temperature of 70°C, which promoting a required pseudo-plastic behavior during rheological test. The single binder palm stearin should be optimized in other research works carried out, as palm stearin is most preferred compared to other polymeric materials that provided high energy consumption when subjected to the sintering process. Besides the binder is widely available in Malaysia, low cost and harmless effect during debinding process.

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