Transmission Modes of COVID-19: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Mehraeen ◽  
Mohammad Amin Salehi ◽  
Farzane Behnezhad ◽  
Hamed Rezakhani Moghaddam ◽  
SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Transmission Modes ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

Background: The Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a highly transmittable viral infection that initiated in Wuhan, China and has spread around the world. The high prevalence and spread ways of COVID-19 have become an international challenge that requires careful consideration. We aimed to review the current evidence of COVID-19 transmission modes. Methods: This study was a systematic review that was done to identify current evidence on transmission modes of COVID19. We searched selected keywords in six important databases to discover related sources on the main objective of the study. To identify studies meeting the inclusion criteria, the authors screened the titles and abstracts of retrieved documents. The appropriate articles were selected and their results were discussed to make the final inclusion. Results: We identified five potential transmission modes of COVID-19 including airborne, droplet, contact with contaminated surfaces, oral and fecal secretions. Furthermore, some studies have pointed out other modes of virus transmission, such as person to person, and direct contact with animals. Conclusion: Droplet and contact with contaminated surfaces were the most frequent transmission modes of COVID-19. Fecal excretion, environmental contamination, and fluid pollution might contribute to a viral transmission. The possibility of fecal transmission of COVID-19 has implications, especially in areas with poor sanitation and the environmental pollution can be caused by patients with SARS-CoV-2 through respiratory droplets and feces, subsequently, the human environment will change to a potential medium of virus transmission.

scholarly journals A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF HEPATITIS VIRUS REVIEW STUDIES: A CASE OF HEALTH ECONOMIC EVALUATION ANALYSIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Phuong Hong Le ◽  
Quang Vinh Tran ◽  
Trung Quang Vo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Economic ◽  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Health Economic Evaluation ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Publication Period

Objective: Systematic reviews of economic analysis are necessary for assessing reports and making a decision. A systematic review of systematic reviews is mean of summarizing the current evidence across specialties of the same or very similar intervention, to provide a synthesis treatment effect. The aim of this study was to explore and to assess the quality of systematic reviews conducted hepatitis economic evaluation.Methods: This study was designed as a systematic review following the AMSTAR guideline through Medline, Cochrane, and Science Direct databases. It was scoped in publication period of 2001 and 2016 in international journals. The quality assessment of the included studies was based on AMSTAR checklist. Two authors did the appreciation independently and all the different results were solved by discussion to give the conclusion.Results: 851 publications found, only 25 studies of those met the inclusion criteria. These studies consisted of 5 studies for vaccination and 20 for non-vaccination. There were only 16% (n=4) based on PRISMA guideline; and twenty-one studies (64%) were not showing about the method of the systematic review or not based on any guideline. Only three articles has published in 2016 with a high standard.Conclusion: According to the results of the appraisal AMSTAR checklist, this review shows clearly the current situation and an urgent need for an increase of quality of hepatitis virus review studies based on health economic evaluation.

scholarly journals Effect of Plyometric Training on Sport Performance in Adolescent Overhead Athletes: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Leyla Eraslan ◽  
Birgit Castelein ◽  
Valentien Spanhove ◽  
Ceren Orhan ◽  
Irem Duzgun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Training Intervention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Overhead Athletes ◽  
Mesh Terms

Context: Plyometric training has been shown to be beneficial in adolescent overhead athletes. However, existing research on the effects of plyometrics on sport performance has been limited. Objective: To systematically review the current literature to investigate whether plyometric training intervention improves upper- and lower-body sport performance. Data Sources: Two electronic databases (MEDLINE and Web of Science) were searched using specific Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms up to February 2019, and hand-searching was performed by looking to relevant studies that were cited in other studies. Study Selection: A total of 932 items were identified and were further assessed for the eligibility in the systematic review. For a study to be eligible, each of the following inclusion criteria had to be met: (1) participants were aged 13 to 18 years and selected from a sports or athletic population and the study (2) involved the evaluation of a plyometric training intervention with an aim to improve sports performance; (3) must have included a control intervention and/or control group; (4) included a quantitative objective measure of sport performance variables concerning throwing, jumping, running, and sprinting; and (5) was published in English. Study Design: Systematic review. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Data Extraction: A first screening was conducted based on title and abstract of the articles. In the second screening, the full text of the remaining articles was evaluated for the fulfillment of the inclusion criteria. Results: A total of 14 studies were included in this review. The methodological quality of the included studies ranged from low to moderate. There is moderate evidence that plyometric training intervention improves throwing and jumping performances. There is also preliminary evidence that plyometric training intervention improves sprint performance. Conclusion: The current evidence suggests that sport performance consisting of throwing capacity, jumping ability, and sprint performance significantly improved due to plyometric training interventions in adolescent overhead athletes.

The Psychological Experience of Physiological Childbirth: A Protocol for a Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Leahy-Warren ◽  
Marianne Nieuwenhuijze ◽  
Maria Kazmierczak ◽  
Yael Benyamini ◽  
Margaret Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Reference Lists ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Psychological Experience ◽  
Physiological Childbirth

PURPOSE: The purpose of this systematic review of the literature is to look at the current evidence of the psychological experience of physiological childbirth.BACKGROUND: Childbirth is a dynamic process in which the fetal and maternal physiology interacts with the woman’s psychosocial context, yet this process is predominantly evaluated using objective, physical measures. Simultaneously, childbirth is also a profound psychological experience with a deep impact in women that is physical, psychological, and social. The description of the psychological processes and experiences that happen during physiological childbirth will likely improve the care women receive during childbirth as health care professionals and carers will have a greater understanding of the process.METHODS/DESIGN: The electronic databases MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, SocINDEX, and Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection will be searched using the EBSCOhost platform to identify studies that meet the inclusion criteria. No language or publication date constraints will be applied. Articles that pass the 3-stage screening process will then be assessed for risk of bias and have their reference lists hand searched.DISCUSSION: By synthesizing the results of the studies, this systematic review will help illuminate gaps in the literature, direct future research, and inform policymakers.

Current evidence for the identification and management of premenstrual syndrome in women with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 268-283
Author(s):  
Nina C. Cooper ◽  
Deepa Balachandran Nair ◽  
Sile Egan ◽  
Andrew Barrie ◽  
Bhathika Perera
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pills

Purpose Intellectual disability (ID) is prevalent in 1 per cent of the population. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) affects up to 5 per cent of the general population of adult women. Identification of PMS is challenging in women with ID due to differences in communication. Management of PMS in the ID population requires careful consideration of baseline function, co-existing mental and physical health problems, drug interactions as well as complex ethical considerations. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach Prospero-registered systematic review (CRD42019119398) of papers exploring the diagnosis and management of patients with PMS and ID (n=414). In total, 35 relevant titles were identified and 27 full text papers were assessed for eligibility, resulting in 10 studies for final qualitative analysis. Findings Ten original research papers were included. There are no standardised symptom criteria for diagnosis of PMS in women with ID. Studies relied on observer-reported data. All papers demonstrated higher rates of PMS in women with ID compared with the general adult population. Management was not standardised and varied between centres. Mainstays of treatment included non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, combined oral contraceptive pills and intramuscular progesterone. Newer evidence suggests levonorgestrel intrauterine systems may be appropriate. There was no quantitative method of establishing success of management. Practical implications A modified symptom diary should be used for diagnosis in this population. Differentiation between cyclical behavioural change due to pain vs mood disturbance remains challenging. Conservative, psychological and medical management should be the mainstay of treatment, with surgery considered in exceptional cases. Originality/value This paper demonstrates the current limited evidence for the management of PMS in women with a diagnosis of ID and offers an overview of the current options for managing these patients’ symptoms.

scholarly journals Bathing Method for Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dior Manta Tambunan ◽  
Henny Suzana Mediani
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Premature Babies

Background: Current research suggests that routine daily bathing for preterm infants can render many adverse effects on physiological responses and comfort distress of the infant. Repeated stress on premature babies can have destructive longterm effects on brain development. Objectives: To identify the best current evidence regarding bathing method for preterm infants in enhancing neuro developmental care by using atraumaticcareapproach. Methods:Acomprehensiveliteraturesearchwasperformed in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, EbscoHost, Proquest from year of 2008 – May 2019 with the search strategy keywords: bathing, behavioral responses, physiological parameters, premature babies, preterm infants. Inclusion criteria for this study were an original research or systematic review about preterm/premature infants with gestational age is 30 – 37 weeks. PRISMA guideline was applied as a search strategy tool, compared to the used of another conceptualizing tool. Results: A total of 883 of records were identified. After removal of duplicates and initial screening, nine articles met the inclusion criteria of bathing methods for preterm infants. There are several bathing methods were identified: sponge bath, conventional/immersion tub bath, and swaddle bath which is related to physiological responses and behavioral distress during and after bathing intervention. This systematic review showed that swaddle bath had a positive effect on physiological measurement and behavioral responses to preterm infants compared to conventional tub bath and sponge bath which can increase physiological and behavioral discomfort to the preterm infants. Conclusion: This study showed that some of the processes actually reduce negative effects of bathing on the health of the preterm infants. Swaddle bath has proven to be the best and safest type of bathing method for preterm infants during hospitalization that produces fewer changes regarding physiological and behavioral distress to the preterm infants. It is recommended that swaddle bath should be used for preterm infants during they are hospitalized and to be considered as a standard operating procedure in the perinatology unit and neonatal intensive care unit or pediatric intensive care unit.

scholarly journals Recommendations for the Design and Implementation of Virtual Reality for Acquired Brain Injury Rehabilitation: Systematic Review

10.2196/26344 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. e26344
Author(s):  
Sophie Brassel ◽  
Emma Power ◽  
Andrew Campbell ◽  
Melissa Brunner ◽  
Leanne Togher
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Assessment And Treatment

Background Virtual reality (VR) is increasingly being used for the assessment and treatment of impairments arising from acquired brain injuries (ABIs) due to perceived benefits over traditional methods. However, no tailored options exist for the design and implementation of VR for ABI rehabilitation and, more specifically, traumatic brain injury (TBI) rehabilitation. In addition, the evidence base lacks systematic reviews of immersive VR use for TBI rehabilitation. Recommendations for this population are important because of the many complex and diverse impairments that individuals can experience. Objective This study aims to conduct a two-part systematic review to identify and synthesize existing recommendations for designing and implementing therapeutic VR for ABI rehabilitation, including TBI, and to identify current evidence for using immersive VR for TBI assessment and treatment and to map the degree to which this literature includes recommendations for VR design and implementation. Methods This review was guided by PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). A comprehensive search of 11 databases and gray literature was conducted in August 2019 and repeated in June 2020. Studies were included if they met relevant search terms, were peer-reviewed, were written in English, and were published between 2009 and 2020. Studies were reviewed to determine the level of evidence and methodological quality. For the first part, qualitative data were synthesized and categorized via meta-synthesis. For the second part, findings were analyzed and synthesized descriptively owing to the heterogeneity of data extracted from the included studies. Results In the first part, a total of 14 papers met the inclusion criteria. Recommendations for VR design and implementation were not specific to TBI but rather to stroke or ABI rehabilitation more broadly. The synthesis and analysis of data resulted in three key phases and nine categories of recommendations for designing and implementing VR for ABI rehabilitation. In the second part, 5 studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 2 studies reported on VR for assessment and three for treatment. Studies were varied in terms of therapeutic targets, VR tasks, and outcome measures. VR was used to assess or treat impairments in cognition, balance, and anxiety, with positive outcomes. However, the levels of evidence, methodological quality, and inclusion of recommendations for VR design and implementation were poor. Conclusions There is limited research on the use of immersive VR for TBI rehabilitation. Few studies have been conducted, and there is limited inclusion of recommendations for therapeutic VR design and implementation. Future research in ABI rehabilitation should consider a stepwise approach to VR development, from early co-design studies with end users to larger controlled trials. A list of recommendations is offered to provide guidance and a more consistent model to advance clinical research in this area.

scholarly journals Pharmacological interventions for improving cannabis use and psychosis in dual diagnosis: a systematic review

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S290-S290
Author(s):  
Arundeep Singh Bharj ◽  
Katy Jones ◽  
Musa Sami
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dual Diagnosis ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Current Evidence Base

AimsMany patients with psychosis symptoms and schizophrenia use cannabis as a recreational drug. Patients who use cannabis respond differently to antipsychotic treatment compared to those who do not. Despite this, there is a lack of evidence, and therefore clinical guidance, pertaining to the best pharmacological treatment to improve psychosis or cannabis use in this population. This systematic review was carried out to assess the current evidence base regarding the most effective pharmacological treatment for patients with psychosis who also have a background of using cannabis. Our specific question was: ‘in patients with a dual diagnosis of psychosis and cannabis use, which pharmacological interventions have the most efficacy in improving psychosis or reducing cannabis use?’.MethodA search of EMBASE, PsychINFO, and MEDLINE(R) databases was carried out on September 30, 2020. Bibliographies of other studies were also searched for relevant articles. After exclusion of any articles which did not meet inclusion criteria for this review, eleven full texts remained; a qualitative analysis was carried out on these, but there was no meta-analysis. Only randomised control trials (RCTs) whose interventions and controls were pharmacological therapies, and which included patients with a background of cannabis use and psychosis, and which measured clinical outcomes, were included.ResultWe found 11 articles which analysed 10 RCT studies (n = 363) investigating risperidone, olanzapine, clozapine, haloperidol, ziprasidone and imipramine. 6/11 were double blind. The studies were small in size, varied in their methodology, exact inclusion criteria, exact outcomes, and all had a high risk of bias. Few significant findings were found. There is limited evidence for clozapine having anti-craving effect however whether this is associated with reduction in use remains to be demonstrated. We found no studies of adjunctive anticonvulsant agents, which are often used in psychotic disorders.ConclusionThis review underlines the paucity of studies on which to make evidence-based decisions. No new studies have been undertaken since the last systematic review in this area in the last 7 years. Due to the lack of high-quality evidence found by this review, there remains a considerable need for interventional, high-quality RCTs in this comorbid patient group.

scholarly journals Microbiological study of periodontal disease in populations with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasrin Keshavarz Valian ◽  
Behzad houshmand ◽  
Mohammadreza Talebi Ardakani ◽  
Shima Mahmoudi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Campylobacter Rectus ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Male Patients

Abstract Background: No systematic review/meta-analysis has been conducted on the microbiological profile associated with the occurrence of periodontitis in patients with HIV. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of identified bacteria in HIV-infected patients with periodontal disease.Methods: Three English electronic databases (MEDLINE (via PubMed), SCOPUS, and Web of Science) were searched systematically from the beginning to 13 February 2021. The frequency of each identified bacteria in HIV-infected patients with periodontal disease was extracted. All meta-analysis methods were performed using STATA software. Results: Twenty-two articles met inclusion criteria and enrolled into the systematic review. This review analyzed a total of 965 HIV-infected patients with periodontitis. The prevalence of periodontitis was higher in HIV-infected male patients (83% (CI95%: 76-88%)) compared to females (28% (CI95%: 17-39%)). In our study, the pooled prevalence of necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis and necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis in patients with HIV infection was 67% (CI95%: 52-82%) and 60% (CI95%: 45-74%), while a lower prevalence of linear gingivitis erythema was reported (11% (CI95%: 5-18%)). More than 140 bacterial species were identified from HIV-infected patients with periodontal disease. High prevalence of Tannerella forsythia (51% (CI95%: 5-96%)), Fusobacterium nucleatum (50% (CI95%: 21-78%)), Prevotella intermedia (50% (CI95%: 32-68%)), Peptostreptococcus micros (44% (CI95%: 25-65%)), Campylobacter rectus (35% (CI95%: 25-45%)), and Fusobacterium spp. (35% (CI95%: 3-78%)) in HIV-infected patients with periodontal disease was found.Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that the prevalence of red and orange complex of bacteria in HIV patients with periodontal disease is relatively high.

scholarly journals Surgical Treatment of Rotator Cuff Tears After 65 Years of Age: A Systematic Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Mota Silva ◽  
António Cartucho ◽  
Marco Sarmento ◽  
Nuno Moura
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Outcome Evaluation ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Rotator Cuff Tears ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Outcome Scores ◽  
Tear Pattern

Introduction: The objective of this study was to analyze current evidence regarding surgical management of rotator cuff tears in patients of 65 years of age and above. Our hypothesis was that surgical repair of rotator cuff tears, in patients older than 65 years, conveys good outcome scores. We have not found a similar systematic review in current literature.Material and Methods: Medline®, PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials were searched from January 1999 unto December 2015 for studies, regardless of language, including the words ‘rotator cuff’ and ‘65 years’ or ‘70 years’. Inclusion criteria were studies (level I to IV) that reported clinical outcomes in patients older than 65 years, having undertaken surgical repair of a symptomatic rotator cuff tears. Arthroscopic, mini open and open techniques were included. Exclusion criteria were: studies with patients younger than 65 years, studies that did not use validated outcome evaluation scores as primary assessment tools and those with follow up under one year. This work followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses - PRISMA guidelines. Data abstracted included patient demographics, tear pattern, surgical procedures, clinical and repair results. Outcome scores were converted to percentages, allowing comparison of data between studies.Results: After deep analysis, 14 studies met the inclusion criteria: 11 level IV studies, 1 level III study and 2 level II studies. Seven studies found statistically significant outcome improvements between pre and postoperative evaluations. All studies reported good or excellent surgical outcomes.Discussion: Better results would probably be achieved if all studies had rigorous and homogeneous patient selection criteria, but the fact is, that even though this was not the case, the clinical scores remained favorable, and with statistically significant outcome improvement in all studies with prospectively collected data.Conclusion: Based on current literature, rotator cuff repair in patients older than 65 years imparts favorable improvement in clinical outcome scores and overall patient satisfaction.

scholarly journals Genetics and Epigenetics of Atopic Dermatitis: An Updated Systematic Review

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria J Martin ◽  
Miguel Estravís ◽  
Asunción García-Sánchez ◽  
Ignacio Dávila ◽  
María Isidoro-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Scientific Publication ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
New Information ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Intergenic Regions ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Disorder

Background: Atopic dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin disorder that affects up to 15–20% of the population and is characterized by recurrent eczematous lesions with intense itching. As a heterogeneous disease, multiple factors have been suggested to explain the nature of atopic dermatitis (AD), and its high prevalence makes it necessary to periodically compile and update the new information available. In this systematic review, the focus is set at the genetic and epigenetic studies carried out in the last years. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted in three scientific publication databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus). The search was restricted to publications indexed from July 2016 to December 2019, and keywords related to atopic dermatitis genetics and epigenetics were used. Results: A total of 73 original papers met the inclusion criteria established, including 9 epigenetic studies. A total of 62 genes and 5 intergenic regions were described as associated with AD. Conclusion: Filaggrin (FLG) polymorphisms are confirmed as key genetic determinants for AD development, but also epigenetic regulation and other genes with functions mainly related to the immune system and extracellular matrix, reinforcing the notion of skin homeostasis breakage in AD.

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