scholarly journals The Presence of Microbial Air Contaminants in the Operating Theatre at a Teaching Hospital in East Coast Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Nor Azyan K.M. Khaidi ◽  
Siti M. Anua ◽  
Nurzafirah Mazlan ◽  
Safaa N. Saud
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Air Contaminants ◽  
Operation Theatre ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Urease Test ◽  
Oxidase Test

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the presence of microbial air contaminants in the operating theatre at a teaching hospital. Objective: Airborne microbial level in operation theatre is one of the significant risks in hospital as it can increase the surgical site infection and nosocomial infections. Background: Duo SAS Super 360 Air Sampler was used to collect the airborne samples in triplicate each for nutrient and MacConkey agar at eight operation rooms and two corridors for morning and evening sessions. Sampling was conducted for three months and repeated every two months. Microbiological culture, gram staining and biochemical tests such as catalase test, oxidase test, coagulase test, Triple Sugar Iron Agar test, urease test, citrate test, Sulfide, Indole, Motility test, Methyl Red Voges-Proskauer test, disc diffusion test, and Albert’s stain were performed on the pure isolated culture. Methods: Sampling was conducted for three months and repeated every two months. Microbiological culture, gram staining and biochemical tests such as catalase test, oxidase test, coagulase test, Triple Sugar Iron Agar test, urease test, citrate test, Sulfide, Indole, Motility test, Methyl Red Voges- Proskauer test, disc diffusion test, and Albert’s stain were performed on the pure isolated culture. Bacteria that were present in the operation rooms were Bacillus spp., Micrococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. while Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii were absent. The bacteria identified in the operation theater may also cause surgical site infections and nosocomial infections to the patients, although the microbial contamination in the air of the operation theatre is low. Results: The bacteria identified in the operation theater may also cause surgical site infections and nosocomial infections to the patients, although the microbial contamination in the air of the operation theatre is low. Conclusion: Strengthening surveillance on the hygienic condition of the operation theatre and routine sampling is strongly recommended to control all possible sources and types of infection.

scholarly journals Detection of the presence Aeromonas sp on nile tilapia cultured in floating net cage in lake Tondano

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wandalia Tantu ◽  
Reiny A Tumbol ◽  
Sammy N.J Longdong
Keyword(s):  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Production Test ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Oxidase Test ◽  
Net Cage ◽  
H2s Production ◽  
Average Body

The purpose of this study was to detect the presence of bacteria Aeromonas sp in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Nine fish with an average body weight of 150-200 g were used in this study as samples. Sampling was conducted at three different locations which were representative of fish culture sites located on Lake Tondano. The number of sample gathered from each location was and 3 fish which were taken randomly. Fish samples were taken by using a scoop, then the samples were taken alive by placing in an oxygen-filled plastic separately and taken direcly to lab Fish Disease Control and Environmental Center, Tateli, Department of Marine and Fisheries of North Sulawesi province, for examination the presence of bacteria. Isolation of bacteria were conducted by taking samples from gill and kidney. This study was carried out from April - July 2013. Identification of the presence of bacteria was done through a series of observations of colony morphology and gram staining of bacteria, followed by a series of biochemical tests: oxidase test , catalase test , test TSIA , H2S production test , indole test , motility test , citrate test, and test O/F. It could be concluded that 22.22 % of farmed nile tilapia in Lake Tondano were infected with the Aeromonas sp with the following percentage from each site: Paleloan village 7.40% , 7.40% Toulimembet village, and 7.40% Eris village. Keywords: Aeromonas sp, isolation, nile tilapia, floating net cage, Lake Tondano

scholarly journals Misinterpretation of Gram Stain from the Stationary Growth Phase of Positive Blood Cultures for Brucella and Acinetobacter Species

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali M. Bazzi ◽  
Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq ◽  
Ali A. Rabaan
Keyword(s):  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Blood Agar ◽  
Gram Stain ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Urease Test ◽  
Oxidase Test ◽  
Vitek 2

Introduction:Acinetobacter baumanniiandBrucellaspecies are Gram-negative organisms that are vulnerable to misinterpretation as Gram-positive or Gram-variable in blood cultures.Objective:We assess the random errors in gram stain interpretation to reduce the likelihood of such errors and therefore patient harm.Methodology:Aerobic and anaerobic blood cultures from two patients in an acute care facility in Saudi Arabia were subjected to preliminary Gram-staining. In case 1, VITEK-2 Anaerobe Identification, repeat Gram staining from a blood agar plate, Remel BactiDrop™ Oxidase test, Urea Agar urease test and real-time PCR were used to confirm presence ofBrucellaand absence ofCoryneformspecies. In case 2, repeat Gram- staining from the plate and the vials, VITEK-2 Gram-Negative Identification, real-time PCR and subculture on to Columbia agar, blood agar, and MacConkey agar were carried out to identifyA. baumannii.Results:In case 1, initially pleomorphic Gram-positive bacteria were identified.Coryneformspecies were suspected. Tiny growth was observed after 24 h on blood agar plates, and good growth by 48 h. Presence ofBrucellaspecies was ultimately confirmed. In case 2, preliminary Gram-stain results suggested giant Gram-positive oval cocci. Further testing over 18-24 h identifiedA. baumannii.Conclusions:Oxidase test from the plate and urease test from the culture vial is recommended after apparent identification of pleomorphic Gram-positive bacilli from blood culture, once tiny growth is observed, to distinguishBrucellafromCorynebacteriumspecies. If giant Gram-positive oval cocci are indicated by preliminary Gram-staining, it is recommended that the Gram stain be repeated from the plate after 4-6 h, or culture should be tested in Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) medium and the Gram stain repeated after 2-4 h incubation.

Culture ofHelicobacter pylorifrom stool samples in children

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahereh Falsafi ◽  
Nargess Valizadeh ◽  
Mehri Najafi ◽  
Azadeh Ehsani ◽  
Afsaneh Khani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stool Culture ◽  
Bacterial Density ◽  
Rapid Urease Test ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Stool Antigen Test ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Urease Test ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
H Pylori

We evaluated two protocols for isolation of Helicobacter pylori in stool from biopsied and nonbiopsied children. Twenty-three child patients whose presumptive positivity or negativity was diagnosed by endoscopy and a rapid urease test at site were used to compare biopsy-based tests with stool-based tests (H. pylori stool antigen test and stool culture). Their gastric activity and bacterial density were graded by the updated Sydney system. Biopsy and stool specimens were cultured on Campy-blood and Belo horizonte agar plates after enrichment in selective Campy-Thio medium. To compare two stool culture protocols, stools from 20 nonbiopsied children were tested by the HpSA test and cultured either as above or after treatment with cholestyramine. Grown colonies were screened by Gram staining, slide agglutination using anti-H. pylori monoclonal IgG; positive isolates were tested by biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction for H. pylori-specific ureA gene. Coccoid H. pylori was isolated in stool samples from the biopsied patients whose bacterial density was two to four in histology. Their oxidase was slightly positive but became positive after two subcultures, while additional biochemical tests confirmed the isolation of H. pylori. Similar coccoid but oxidase positive H. pylori was isolated from three nonbiopsied children with the protocol of cholestyramine treatment only. The density of bacteria in the stomach may influence the recovery of H. pylori from stool; inactivation of bile with cholestyramine improves the yield in culture and favors isolation of an enhanced metabolic form of bacteria.

scholarly journals Identification of Bacteria on Seblak Food around University of Jember Based on Microbiological Criteria of Processed Food

BIOEDUKASI ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Rizka Maulidya Cahyani ◽  
Joko Waluyo ◽  
Mochammad Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Microbiological Criteria ◽  
Identification Of Bacteria ◽  
Oxidase Test ◽  
Safe Food

The quality of food that is good in bacteriological, chemical and physical must always be maintained in order to avoid diseases or health problems. Healthy and safe food is an important factor to improve the standard of public health. Seblak is a ready-to-eat Indonesian food which until now has never been carried out research about what kinds of bacteria in it. Seblak is a food made from raw crackers which is then deliberately soaked using hot water to have a chewy texture. This study aims to determine what types of bacteria are contained in seblak, through the process of isolation and identification in the macroscopic, microscopic and biochemical way. This study used 5 samples, which was repeated 5 times for each sample. Bacteria were isolated from the sample using spread plate techniques and observed by growing colonies on the plate. Each different colonies was observed microscopically through gram staining and endospore staining. To strengthen the data, biochemical tests were also carried out, biochemical tests that have been done in this study were the oxidase test, catalase test, and indole test. The results of the study showed that the bacteria that were found from the samples are in the genus of Bacillus sp. because they show the morphological characteristics of the colonies that form concentric circles, meanwhile, microscopic observations show morphological characteristics of cells in the form of gram-negative bacilli and have the endospores.

scholarly journals Isolasi dan identifikasi bakteri aerob yang berpotensi menyebabkan infeksi nosokomial di Irina F ruangan intermediate care (IMC) Bagian Neurologi RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fransiska E.A. Yobee ◽  
Fredine E.S. Rares ◽  
Heriyannis Homenta
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Intermediate Care ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Gram Staining

Abstract: Nosocomial infections are infections that occur in the hospital by bacteria originating from the hospital itself This infection can occur within 48 hours after hospitalization, or three days after hospitalization due to the usage of tools, or 30 days after surgery. Nosocomial infections can occur in patients, healthcare workers, and everyone who comes to the hospital. This study was aimed to obtain the microorganisms that could potentially lead to nosocomial infections in the Irina F Intermediate Care (IMC) of Neurology Department at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado. This was a descriptive prospective study. The samples were taken from 14 swabs of furniture at the room, the treatment room, and 8 samples of indoor air. Identification of the bacteria was performed by isolation the bacteria in an agar medium, Gram staining, and biochemical tests. The results showed 5 strains of bacteria, as follows: Enterobacter cloacae (55%), Neisseria sp. (20%), Staphylococcus sp. (15%), Lactobacillius sp. (5%), and Enterobacter aerogenes (5%). Conclusion: Enterobacter cloacae is the most commonly found bacteria in Irina F Intermediate Care (IMC) room of Neurology Department at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado.Keywords: nosocomial infections, patterns of aerobic bacteria Abstrak: Infeksi nosokomial adalah infeksi yang terjadi di rumah sakit oleh kuman yang berasal dari rumah sakit. Infeksi ini dapat terjadi dalam waktu 48 jam setelah rawat inap, atau tiga hari setelah pemakaian alat rumah sakit, atau 30 hari setelah operasi. Infeksi nosokomial dapat terjadi pada penderita, tenaga kesehatan, dan setiap orang yang datang ke rumah sakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mikroorganisme yang berpotensi menyebabkan infeksi nosokomial di Irina F ruangan Intermediate Care (IMC) Bagian Neurologi RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif prospektif. Sampel diambil dari 14 usapan perabotan ruangan dan ruangan perawatan serta 8 sampel dari udara ruangan. Identifikasi bakteri dilakukan melalui isolasi pada media agar, pewarnaan Gram dan uji biokimia. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan 5 jenis bakteri yang teridentifikasi, yaitu: Enterobacter cloacae (55%), Neisseria sp. (20%), Staphylococcus sp. (15%), Lactobacillius sp. (5%), dan Enterobacter aerogenes (5%). Simpulan: Bakteri Enterobacter Cloacae merupakan bakteri yang paling banyak ditemukan di Irina F ruangan Intermediate Care (IMC) Bagian Neurologi RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado Kata kunci: infeksi nosokomial, pola bakteri aerob

scholarly journals SENSITIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA TERHADAP BAKTERI ESCHERICHIA COLI YANG DIISOLASI DARI UDANG DI PASAR KEPUTRAN SURABAYA

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Reina Puspita Rahmaniar ◽  
Dyah Widhowati ◽  
Nurul Hidayah
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test

The aimed of this study was to identify antibiotic Resistance of  Escherichia coli isolated from Shrimp. There were 20 samples taken and isolated on surface of Eosin Methilen Blue Agar. E.coli produced metalic green colonies. Samples identified as E.coli based on macroscopic features and morphology of colonies, microscopic examination with gram staining and biochemical tests. The antibiotic sensitivity was determined through a standard antimicrobial disk diffusion test. The results of this study showed that 9 samples were bacteria of the spesies  E. coli. Based on the results of antibiotic sensitivity test, it was found that 100 % of E. coli isolates were resistant to Amoxycillin 20 µg and 22,2 % of isolates are resistant to ampicillin 10 µg. Antibiotics Tetracycline 30 µg and Chloramphenicol 30 µg were 100 % sensitive. Gentamicin 10 µg showed that 77,8 % sensitive and 22,2 % intermediet. The precence of antibiotic resistance of betalaktam antibiotics makes it especially important to monitor antimicrobial susceptibility and mechanisms of resistance of E.coli isolated from shrimp, because new mechanisms of resistance occurring in animals may enter the food chain and its be  transferred to the human. This importance of  cooperation between sectors in order to monitor antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI AEROB YANG BERPOTENSI MENYEBABKAN INFEKSI NOSOKOMIAL DI RUANG RAWAT INAP MATA IRINA F RSUP PROF. DR. R.D. KANDOU MANADO

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameliya S. Japanto ◽  
Standy Soeliongan ◽  
Fredine E. S. Rares
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Enterobacter Agglomerans ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Identification Of Bacteria

Abstract: Nosocomial infections are infections acquired or occurring while patients were hospitalized. Nosocomial infections can be caused by various agents of disease, like bacteria. The bacteria are found in the hospital environment, including the inpatient unit. Objective: to know the pattern of aerobic bacteria that could potentially cause nosocomial infections in inpatient eyes unit IRINA F Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Methods: 14 swabs were taken at the surface of patient’s beds, treatment rooms and 8 samples of air space. Identification of bacteria carried on an agar medium isolation, Gram staining and biochemical tests. Results: The obtained bacteria identified six types of bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus sp., Coccus negative Gram, Enterobacter agglomerans, Enterobacter cloacae, and Staphylocccus epidermidis. Conclusion: Bacillus subtilis is the bacteria that most commonly found in inpatient eyes unit IRINA FKeywords: nosocomial infections, patterns of aerobic bacteria, inpatient eye unitAbstrak: Infeksi nosokomial adalah infeksi yang didapat atau terjadi saat pasien dirawat di rumah sakit. Infeksi nosokomial dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai agen penyakit, salah satunya ialah bakteri. Bakteri penyebab infeksi sering ditemukan di lingkungan rumah sakit, termasuk di ruang rawat inap. Tujuan : mengetahui pola bakteri aerob yang berpotensi menyebabkan infeksi nosokomial di ruang rawat inap mata IRINA F RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Metode: sampel diambil pada 14 usapan perabotan ruangan, ruangan perawatan dan 8 sampel udara ruang. Identifikasi bakteri dilakukan isolasi pada media agar, pewarnaan Gram dan uji biokimia. Hasil: bakteri yang teridentifikasi didapatkan enam jenis bakteri, yaitu Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus sp., Coccus Gram negatif, Enterobacter agglomerans, Enterobacter cloacae, dan Staphylocccus epidermidis. Kesimpulan: Bakteri Bacillus subtilis merupakan bakteri yang paling banyak ditemukan di ruang rawat inap mata IRINA FKata kunci: infeksi nosokomial, pola bakteri aerob, ruang rawat inap mata

scholarly journals Bacterial Culture Dependent Effect on Mobile Phone’s Surface

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4S2) ◽  
pp. 999-1002
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Methyl Red ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Dependent Effect ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Urease Test ◽  
Culture Dependent

Mobile phones from people of different walks of life were examined through culture dependent based approach. Bacteria were isolated from the surface of the mobile phones. Various microbiological and biochemical tests such as Gram staining, citrate utilization test, urease test, TSI test, catalase test, methyl red test and indole test were performed for the isolated bacteria. This study highlights the health risk posed by the microbiota in the mobile phone’s surface

scholarly journals Isolation, Screening and Methionine Production by Bacillus species isolated from Poultry Waste

2018 ◽  
pp. 95-101
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Poultry Waste ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Solid Agar ◽  
Hemolysis Test ◽  
Oxidase Test

The current study was focused on isolating and identifying methionine producing bacteria from poultry waste. The bacteria were isolated from poultry waste and the ones which specifically produced methionine on solid agar medium, using a methionine requiring auxotroph (Escherichia coli) were kept for further analysis. Methionine assay was also carried out after fermentation to quantify methionine produced by each isolate. A total of 10 bacteria were isolated of which 2 were confirmed as active methionine producers after halo growth was observed on the solid agar medium. These 2 isolates which produced higher amount of methionine were ultimately selected for further investigation. The methionine producing isolates which were designated PW1 and PW3 were identified as Bacillus sp. respectively after biochemical tests were carried out. The test carried out include; gram staining, motility test, catalase test, citrate test, hemolysis test, indole test, penicillin sensitivity, oxidase test and crystal colony formation. Where PW3 (Bacillus sp.) produced greater amount of methionine (0.54 mg/l), while PW1 (Bacillus sp.) produced 0.20 mg/l after the completion of the methionine assay. Keywords: Keywords: Methionine production, Bacillus species, poultry waste.

scholarly journals Detection of microbial contamination in chicken meat from local markets in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
pp. 3138-3143
Author(s):  
Dhandy Koesoemo Wardhana ◽  
Ajeng Erika Prihastuti Haskito ◽  
Muhammad Thohawi Elziyad Purnama ◽  
Devi Ayu Safitri ◽  
Suwaibatul Annisa
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Local Markets ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Meat Samples

Background and Aim: Chicken meat can be contaminated by microorganisms anywhere in the supply chain, from farm to market, and these microorganisms can be transmitted to humans through direct contact, contact with the environment, and food consumption. The microbial contamination has a serious impact on public health. This study aimed to analyze the microbial contamination of chicken meat sampled from local markets in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 samples of fresh chicken meat obtained from 10 traditional markets (six samples per market) were examined for the presence of bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli were identified using Gram staining, culturing, and biochemical tests. The most probable number (MPN) method was used to identify E. coli. Results: Most chicken meat samples were positive for S. aureus (58.3%), Salmonella spp. (48.3%), and E. coli (40%). The samples were considered positive for E. coli if the MPN value was higher than 1×101 CFU/g. Conclusion: High microbial contamination was found in all the chicken meat sampled from local markets in Surabaya. Such contamination can lead to foodborne diseases so, proper hygiene and sanitation standards should be followed from slaughterhouses to the end-users.

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