Micro-CT Analysis of Morphological Changes in Mandibles of Growing Rats with Unilateral Occlusal Elevation

Objectives: This study investigated the effect of unilateral occlusal elevation in the molar region on facial and mandibular development in growing rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty 5-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to three groups (n = 10). The control group was allowed to develop naturally until 9 weeks of age. A device fitted on the caused unilateral occlusal elevation at 5 weeks in the removal group. The device was removed at 7 weeks and the rats were observed until 9 weeks. In the continuation group, the same device fitted on the left-side molars caused unilateral occlusal elevation continuously for 9 weeks. All groups underwent craniofacial scanning with three-dimensional micro-computed tomography at 5, 7, and 9 weeks. Results: In the removal and continuation groups, the mandible was displaced to the unelevated side. At 7 weeks, both these groups showed greater skeletal growth and molar extrusion on the elevated side, with significant differences between the elevated and unelevated sides. At 9 weeks, there were significant differences in both skeletal and alveolar growth between these groups; the asymmetry ameliorated in the removal group. Limitations: We evaluated three-dimensional morphometry by fitting a device to rat molars for a short observation period; thus, future studies are warranted to acquire data following long-term observation. Conclusion: Unilateral occlusal elevation during the growth period suppressed molar eruption and extrusion on the elevated and unelevated sides, respectively. The height of the mandibular ramus increased on the elevated side, resulting in asymmetric growth.

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Morphological alterations in the heart and aorta of rats treated with glucocorticoids

Journal of Morphological Sciences ◽

10.4322/jms.065814 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 32 (04) ◽

pp. 231-235

Author(s):

R. Dantas ◽

K. Souza ◽

D. Santos ◽

V. Feitosa ◽

E. Fioretto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wistar Rats ◽

Histological Analysis ◽

Saline Solution ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Morphological Structure ◽

Control Group ◽

Morphological Alterations ◽

Heart Chamber ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Synthetic Glucocorticoid

Abstract Introduction: The objective of this study was to analyze the morphological structure of the heart and aorta of rats treated with the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone. Material and Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: 08 control rats undergoing treatment with a 0.9% saline solution for 10 days and 08 rats treated for 10 days with dexamethasone (2mg/kg animal weight). Results: Histological analysis detected a mild cardiac hypertrophy and 15% reduction of collagen located in the aorta of animals treated with glucocorticoid when compared to the control group. Conclusion: We conclude that treatment with dexamethasone for a period of 10 consecutive days is able to promote morphological changes in the structure of the heart chamber and, impair morphological structure of aorta.

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Impact of DBBM Fragments on the Porosity of the Calvarial Bone: A Pilot Study on Mice

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13214748 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (21) ◽

pp. 4748

Author(s):

Ulrike Kuchler ◽

Patrick Heimel ◽

Alexandra Stähli ◽

Franz Josef Strauss ◽

Bernadette Luza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Morphological Changes ◽

Histological Evaluation ◽

Random Allocation ◽

Bovine Bone ◽

Distribution Analysis ◽

Micro Ct ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Calvarial Bone ◽

Ct Analysis ◽

Bovine Bone Mineral

Deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) is brittle and can break into fragments. Here, we examined whether DBBM fragments have an impact on mice calvarial bone during bone augmentation. DBBM was either randomly crushed (DBBM fragments) or left undisturbed (DBBM granules). Then, DBBM fragments or original DBBM granules were placed onto calvarial bone in 20 BALB/c mice. Following random allocation, ten mice received DBBM fragments and ten mice received original DBBM granules. After fourteen days of healing, micro computed tomography (micro-CT) and histological analysis of the augmented sites were performed. The primary outcome was the porosity of the calvarial bone. The micro-CT analysis revealed that DBBM fragments failed to significantly change the porosity of the calvarial bone as compared with original DBBM granules, despite the slightly higher bone resorption in the DBBM fragment group, 10.3% (CI 6.3–11.6) versus 6.1% (CI 4.1–7.8, p = 0.355), respectively. The cortical bone volume was not altered by DBBM fragments as compared with original DBBM granules, i.e., 79.0% (CI 78.9–81.2) versus 81.5% (CI 80.1–83.3, p = 0.357), respectively. The DBBM fragment group revealed similar bone thickness values as compared with the DBBM granules group, i.e., 0.26 mm (CI 0.23–0.29) versus 0.25 mm (CI 0.22–0.27, p = 0.641), respectively. The histological evaluation supported the micro-CT observations, displaying minor signs of porosity and resorption. The particle-size distribution analysis confirmed a shift towards smaller particle sizes in the DBBM fragment group. These findings suggest that DBBM fragments behave similarly to original DBBM granules in terms of bone morphological changes at augmented sites.

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Functional Changes of Temporomandibular Joint Mechanoreceptors Induced by Reduced Masseter Muscle Activity in Growing Rats

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/081108-424.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 79 (5) ◽

pp. 978-983 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Takayoshi Ishida ◽

Tadachika Yabushita ◽

Kunimichi Soma

Keyword(s):

Temporomandibular Joint ◽

Muscle Activity ◽

Masseter Muscle ◽

Growth Period ◽

Control Group ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Masseter Muscles ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Indirect Stimulation

Abstract Objective: To determine the influence of masseter muscle activity during growth on the functional characteristics of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) mechanoreceptors. Materials and Methods: Sixty-six 3-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into an experimental group, in which the masseter muscles were bilaterally resected at 3 weeks of age, and a control group. Single-unit activities of the TMJ mechanoreceptors were evoked by indirect stimulation of passive jaw movement. Electrophysiologic recordings of TMJ units were made at 5, 7, and 9 weeks of age. Results: During this period, the firing threshold of the TMJ units was significantly lower and the maximum instantaneous frequency of the TMJ units was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. Conclusion: Reduced masseter activity during the growth period alters the response properties of TMJ mechanoreceptors.

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Disodium Cromoglycate Attenuates Hypoxia Induced Enlargement of End-Expiratory Lung Volume in Rats

Physiological Research ◽

10.33549/physiolres.932200 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 831-834

Author(s):

H. MAXOVÁ ◽

A. HEZINOVÁ ◽

M. VÍZEK

Keyword(s):

Mast Cells ◽

Lung Volume ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Minute Ventilation ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Heart Weight ◽

Control Group ◽

Disodium Cromoglycate ◽

Vessel Remodeling ◽

Male Wistar Rats

Mechanism responsible for the enlargement of end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) induced by chronic hypoxia remains unclear. The fact that the increase in EELV persists after return to normoxia suggests involvement of morphological changes. Because hypoxia has been also shown to activate lung mast cells, we speculated that they could play in the mechanism increasing EELV similar role as in vessel remodeling in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH). We, therefore, tested an effect of mast cells degranulation blocker disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) on hypoxia induced EELV enlargement. Ventilatory parameters, EELV and right to left heart weight ratio (RV/LV+S) were measured in male Wistar rats. The experimental group (H+DSCG) was exposed to 3 weeks of normobaric hypoxia and treated with DSCG during the first four days of hypoxia, control group was exposed to hypoxia only (H), two others were kept in normoxia as non-treated (N) and treated (N+DSCG) groups. DSCG treatment significantly attenuated the EELV enlargement (H+DSCG=6.1±0.8; H=9.2±0.9; ml ± SE) together with the increase in minute ventilation (H+DSCG=190±8; H=273±10; ml/min ± SE) and RV/LV+S (H+DSCG=0.39±0.03; H=0.50±0.06).

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Effects of Steroidal and Nonsteroidal Drugs on Tooth Movement and Root Resorption in the Rat Molar

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/072108-381.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 79 (4) ◽

pp. 715-726 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Carmen Gonzales ◽

Hitoshi Hotokezaka ◽

Ken-Ichiro Matsuo ◽

Tatsunori Shibazaki ◽

Joseph H. Yozgatian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tooth Movement ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Treated Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Experimental Control ◽

Male Wistar Rats

Abstract Objective: To test the hypothesis that the administration of aspirin, acetaminophen, meloxicam, celecoxib, and prednisolone have no effect on root resorption and tooth movement. Materials and Methods: A mesial force of 50 g was applied to the left maxillary first molars of sixty 10-week-old male Wistar rats using nickel titanium closed coil springs attached to the cervical area of the incisors. The rats were randomly divided into 12 groups of 5 each. High and low doses of aspirin, acetaminophen, meloxicam, celecoxib, and prednisolone were administered via drinking water for 2 weeks. The experimental control group had tooth movement but received no drug. The negative control group received neither tooth movement nor drugs. The amount of tooth movement was measured on digitized lateral cephalometric radiographs. Rats were sacrificed after 2 weeks. Mesial and distal roots (distobuccal and distopalatal) were examined using scanning electron and three-dimensional (3D) scanning laser microscopes. The surface area, depth, volume, and roughness of the root resorption craters were measured. Results: When compared with experimental control rats, only prednisolone- and high-dose celecoxib-treated groups showed significantly less root resorption and less tooth movement. Although low dose celecoxib-treated group significantly decreased the tooth movement, root resorption was similar to the control group. Furthermore, resorption craters showed a smoother surface in the prednisolone-treated rats. Conclusions: The hypothesis was rejected. Administration of prednisolone and high-dose celecoxib reduces root resorption and interferes with tooth movement in rats. Both drugs may interfere in the arachidonic acid cascade depending on dose thresholds.

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Effects of long-term occlusal hypofunction and its recovery on the morphogenesis of molar roots and the periodontium in rats

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/081812-661.1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 83 (4) ◽

pp. 597-604 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Masahide Motokawa ◽

Akiko Terao ◽

Ersan I. Karadeniz ◽

Masato Kaku ◽

Toshitsugu Kawata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Disuse Atrophy ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Root Area ◽

Wistar Strain ◽

Length Width ◽

Recovery Groups

ABSTRACT Objectives: To investigate the effects of long-term, artificially created, hypofunctional occlusion and its recovery on the morphology of rat molar roots. Material and Methods: Eighteen 5-week-old Wistar-strain male rats were randomly divided according to their periodontal conditions into normal, hypofunctional, and recovery groups (n = 6 in each). In the experimental hypofunctional and recovery groups, a bite-raising appliance was set to produce hypofunction at the molar region. All groups were analyzed at 16 weeks of age using three-dimensional micro-computed tomography. Root length, width, and area as well as the thickness and the area of the periodontal ligament (PDL) space of the maxillary first molar were calculated. Results: Roots were longer and narrower in the hypofunctional group than in the control group. The mesial root in particular showed a dramatic change. Root area also decreased significantly in the hypofunctional group compared to the other groups. Moreover, the PDL thickness and area decreased significantly in the hypofunctional group compared to the control group, but increased in the recovery group compared to the hypofunctional group. Conclusions: These findings suggest that root size and PDL structure may be reduced due to disuse atrophy resulting from a defect in occlusal function, but may be recovered following a gain of occlusal stimuli.

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Morphological Changes of Gingiva in Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats

International Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2009/725628 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

C. Tesseromatis ◽

A. Kotsiou ◽

H. Parara ◽

E. Vairaktaris ◽

M. Tsamouri

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Histological Investigation ◽

Bacterial Diseases ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽

Routine Assay

Gingivitis and periodontitis are chronic bacterial diseases of the underlying and surrounding tooth tissues. Diabetes mellitus is responsible for tooth deprivation both by decay and periodontal disease. The streptozotocin-induced diabetes results in a diabetic status in experimental animals similar to that observed in diabetes patients. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the gingival lesions and the microangiopathy changes in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into two groups (control and experimental). Diabetes mellitus was induced by 45 mg/kg IV streptozotocin. The histological investigation of the marginal gingival and the relevant gingival papilla showed inflammation of the lamina propria and the squamous epithelium as well as marked thickness of the arteriole in the diabetic group, but no changes were observed in the control group. The results suggested a probable application of a routine gingival histological investigation in diabetic patients in order to control the progress of disease complications. It may be concluded that histological gingival investigation can be used as a routine assay for the control of the diabetic disease and prevention of its complications.

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Evaluation of Bone Sialoprotein Coating of Three-Dimensional Printed Calcium Phosphate Scaffolds in a Calvarial Defect Model in Mice

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma11112336 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 2336 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Andreas Baranowski ◽

Anja Klein ◽

Ulrike Ritz ◽

Hermann Götz ◽

Stefan Mattyasovszky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Phosphate ◽

Bone Formation ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Bone Substitutes ◽

Bone Sialoprotein ◽

Control Group ◽

Calvarial Defect ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Bone Thickness ◽

Local Bone

The bioactive coating of calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is a promising approach to enhance the bone-healing properties of bone substitutes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether coating CPCs with bone sialoprotein (BSP) results in increased bone formation. Forty-five female C57BL/6NRj mice with an average age of six weeks were divided into three groups. Either a BSP-coated or an uncoated three-dimensional plotted scaffold was implanted into a drilled 2.7-mm diameter calvarial defect, or the defect was left empty (control group; no CPC). Histological analyses revealed that BSP-coated scaffolds were better integrated into the local bone stock eight weeks after implantation. Bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) ratios and bone thickness at the bone–implant contact were analyzed via micro computed tomography (µCT) after eight weeks. BSP-coated scaffolds and uncoated CPC scaffolds increased bone thickness in comparison to the control (CPC + BSP: 691.1 ± 253.5 µm, CPC: 603.1 ± 164.4 µm, no CPC: 261.7 ± 37.8 µm, p < 0.01). Accordingly, BV/TV was enhanced in both scaffold groups (CPC + BSP: 1.3 ± 0.5%, CPC: 0.9 ± 0.5%, no CPC: 0.2 ± 0.3%, p < 0.01). The BSP coating showed a tendency towards an increased bone thickness (p = 0.18) and BV/TV (p = 0.18) in comparison to uncoated CPC scaffolds. However, a significant increase in bone formation through BSP coating was not found.

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Combination of Fluoride and SO2 Induce DNA Damage and Morphological Alterations in Male Rat Kidney

Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1159/000494239 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 734-744 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yan Gao ◽

Chen Liang ◽

Jianhai Zhang ◽

Junjie Ma ◽

Jinming Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Morphological Alteration ◽

Male Rat ◽

Control Group ◽

Renal Tubules ◽

Human Beings ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Male Wistar Rats

Background/Aims: We investigated the combined toxic effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) on kidney morphological changes and DNA damage in male Wistar rats. Methods: In this study we selected totally 96 male Wistar rats (12-week-old) then randomly group-housed them into four cages, treated with deionized water, NaF, SO2 and co-treatment of NaF and SO2 respectively. Morphological changes of kidney were detected by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks. Correspondingly, tailing ratio and comet length were measured by BAB Bs Comet Assay System, including DNA damage special unit were calculated to evaluate the grades of kidney DNA damage at the same time. Results: Treated groups showed a body weight decrease when compared to control group. However, no significant difference in the relative weight of kidney was found in all four groups. It is noteworthy that at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after exposure, the morphological alteration of renal tubules were observed in all treated groups, especially in group-IV. Also, at 4 and 6 weeks, notable DNA damage was found in all treated groups, as assessed by significantly increasing trend of comet length tailing ratio. Conclusion: The study manifests that presence of NaF and SO2 will not only induce renal tissue lesions but also impact DNA integrity. In addition, this combined exposure exhibits a synergistic effect, characterizing a dose-dependence and time correlation. These findings may provide novel insights regarding perturbations of DNA damage and its functions as a potential new mechanism, by which cautious interpretation of NaF and SO2 co-exposure evolved in both animals and human beings is necessary.

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Amelioration of streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy by melatonin, quercetin, and resveratrol in rats

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327114531995 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 100-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

H Elbe ◽

N Vardi ◽

M Esrefoglu ◽

B Ates ◽

S Yologlu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Transforming Growth Factor Β1 ◽

Control Group ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Basement Membrane Thickening ◽

Body Weights ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Antioxidative Effects

The role of oxygen radicals are known for the pathogenesis of kidney damage. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antioxidative effects of melatonin, quercetin, and resveratrol on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. A total of 35 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups as follows: control, diabetes mellitus (DM), DM + melatonin, DM + quercetin, and DM + resveratrol. All the injections started on the same day of single-dose STZ injection and continued for 30 days. At the end of this period, kidneys were removed and processed for routine histological procedures. Biochemical parameters and morphological changes were examined. In DM group, blood glucose levels were significantly increased, whereas body weights were decreased compared with the control group. Significant increases in blood urea nitrogen and tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreases in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were detected in DM group. Administration of melatonin, quercetin, and resveratrol significantly reduced these values. Melatonin was more efficient in reducing MDA levels than other antioxidants ( p < 0.05). STZ-induced histopathological alterations including epithelial desquamation, swelling, intracytoplasmic vacuolization, brush border loss and peritubular infiltration. Additionally, basement membrane thickening and sclerotic changes were observed in glomerulus. Transforming growth factor-β1 positive cells were also increased. Melatonin, quercetin, and resveratrol significantly reduced these histopathological changes. Our results indicate that melatonin, quercetin, and resveratrol might be helpful in reducing diabetes-induced renal damage

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