scholarly journals Characterization of Warm-Up in Soccer: Report from Portuguese Elite Soccer Coaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-123
Author(s):  
Ricardo Ferraz ◽  
Paulo Ribeiro ◽  
Henrique P. Neiva ◽  
Pedro Forte ◽  
Luís Branquinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Session ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Psychological Point ◽  
Observational Study Design ◽  
And Performance

Background: Warm-up before competition and training is a strategy that is widely acknowledged to improve players’ physical condition and performance. However, the importance of warm-up is not well understood and so there is a research gap into this topic. Objective: This study aimed to characterize the warm-up of professional soccer players by differences and similarities between different coaches’ methodologies. Methods: A group of thirty-two Portuguese elite soccer coaches participated in this study An observational study design was conducted through a cross-sectional descriptive questionnaire with nineteen questions. During the questionnaire, coaches were asked to provide specific information about the warm-ups prescribed for soccer players, about their importance from a technical, physical and psychological point of view and the importance they attached to the warm-up / reheating of substitute players. The questionnaire was administered to the coaches at the end of a training session. Results: The results indicated that there is no consensus regarding the type of warm-up that should be prescribed. There are different opinions between elite coaches regarding the warm-up components that must be emphasized in order to prepare players for the game demands. Moreover, considering the tactical, technical, physical, and psychological dimensions, the coaches have different perspectives of the warm-up. Conclusion: This study allowed to conclude that there is no standard regarding the prescription of warm-up in professional soccer players, in the opinion of coaches. This is mainly due to the fact that there is a distinct appreciation in relation to the importance and influence of warm-up for performance.

scholarly journals OPHTHALMOLOGIC EVALUATION IN PROFESSIONAL MALE SOCCER PLAYERS IN BRAZIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-298
Author(s):  
Aline Sutili Toledo ◽  
Gustavo Gonçalves Arliani ◽  
Paulo Henrique Schmidt Lara ◽  
Rodrigo Kallas Zogaib ◽  
Moisés Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Ocular Surgery ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Sensitivity Evaluation ◽  
And Performance

ABSTRACT Introduction: Soccer is the most popular sport in Brazil and worldwide, but there is insufficient data on the eye health of soccer players, and eye conditions may affect the well-being and performance of these athletes. Objective: To perform an ocular evaluation of a representative sample of professional soccer players from Brazil. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted over four consecutive years (2009-2012) at a single professional soccer club in Brazil. The ophthalmology evaluation was performed by the same ophthalmologist in each sample. Prior to the ophthalmology evaluation, all participants filled out a questionnaire to provide the following demographic data: age, position, use of contact lenses or ophthalmic drugs, symptoms, previous ocular surgery, and date of the last ophthalmology evaluation. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP) and color vision were tested during the ophthalmologic examination, and ophthalmoscopy and biomicroscopy exams were performed. Results: One hundred and twenty bilateral ophthalmology evaluations were performed in 84 professional soccer players between 2009 and 2012. Pinguecula and pterygium were the most common conditions found in the athletes’ biomicroscopy exams, corresponding to 63% (38/60) and 17% (10/60) of abnormalities, respectively. In the contrast sensitivity evaluation, only one athlete was color blind. No significant associations were found between the position of the athlete and the results of the biomicroscopy and ophthalmoscopy exams. Conclusion: Despite the high prevalence of abnormalities found in the ophthalmology evaluation, most refractive abnormalities did not require correction, and the biomicroscopy abnormalities were mostly benign. Level III; Study of non-consecutive patients.

scholarly journals Internal and External Training Load in Under-19 versus Professional Soccer Players during the In-Season Period

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 558
Author(s):  
Sullivan Coppalle ◽  
Guillaume Ravé ◽  
Jason Moran ◽  
Iyed Salhi ◽  
Abderraouf Ben Abderrahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
External Training ◽  
Soccer Team

This study aimed to compare the training load of a professional under-19 soccer team (U-19) to that of an elite adult team (EAT), from the same club, during the in-season period. Thirty-nine healthy soccer players were involved (EAT [n = 20]; U-19 [n = 19]) in the study which spanned four weeks. Training load (TL) was monitored as external TL, using a global positioning system (GPS), and internal TL, using a rating of perceived exertion (RPE). TL data were recorded after each training session. During soccer matches, players’ RPEs were recorded. The internal TL was quantified daily by means of the session rating of perceived exertion (session-RPE) using Borg’s 0–10 scale. For GPS data, the selected running speed intensities (over 0.5 s time intervals) were 12–15.9 km/h; 16–19.9 km/h; 20–24.9 km/h; >25 km/h (sprint). Distances covered between 16 and 19.9 km/h, > 20 km/h and >25 km/h were significantly higher in U-19 compared to EAT over the course of the study (p =0.023, d = 0.243, small; p = 0.016, d = 0.298, small; and p = 0.001, d = 0.564, small, respectively). EAT players performed significantly fewer sprints per week compared to U-19 players (p = 0.002, d = 0.526, small). RPE was significantly higher in U-19 compared to EAT (p =0.001, d = 0.188, trivial). The external and internal measures of TL were significantly higher in the U-19 group compared to the EAT soccer players. In conclusion, the results obtained show that the training load is greater in U19 compared to EAT.

Warm-up as part of a training session

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-98
Author(s):  
Е.И. Чучкалова ◽  
О.Г. Маскина
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
Business Training ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Teachers And Students

Статья посвящена организации учебного процесса в высшей школе. Авторы, в частности, считают, что лекционные и практические занятия должны начинаться и заканчиваться разминкой, подразумевающей выполнение коротких упражнений. С помощью специально проведенного исследования в работе анализируются структурные особенности учебных разминок, уточняются их отличия от бизнес-разминок, применяемых в ходе тренингов, а также рассматривается с содержательной и организационной точек зрения специфика применения разминок в высшей школе. Выводы сделаны с учетом мнения преподавателей и студентов, уже имеющих опыт участия в разминках. Научная новизна публикации заключается в расширении представлений о возможностях, которые открываются при использовании разминок в учебном процессе. В статье проведена их классификация по различным критериям: виду активности, массовости, желаемому результату, формату проведения. Кроме того, автор обобщил собственный практический опыт использования инструментов бизнес-тренингов, накопленный в ходе подготовки бакалавров и магистрантов, привел примеры наиболее популярных упражнений в каждой группе матрицы разминок. Особое внимание уделено разминкам, сопровождающим вебинары, что продолжает оставаться чрезвычайно актуальным в свете современного перехода на смешанный формат обучения в профессиональном образовании. Статья предназначена для преподавателей и студентов высших и средних профессиональных образовательных организаций. The article focuses on the organization of the educational process in higher education. The author, in particular, believes that lectures and practical classes should begin and end with a warm-up, which implies doing short exercises. With the help of specially conducted research, the paper analyzes the structural features of training warm-ups, clarifies their differences from business warm-ups used during training, and also considers the specifics of using warm-ups in higher education from a substantive and organizational point of view. The conclusions are made considering the opinions of teachers and students who already have experience of doing warm-ups. The scientific novelty of the publication lies in bringing better understanding of the opportunities that open up with using warm-ups in the educational process. The article classifies them according to various criteria: the type of activity, mass character, the desired result, the format of the event. In addition, the author summarized his own practical experience of using business training tools during the preparation of bachelors and undergraduates gave examples of the most popular exercises in each group of the warm-up matrix. Special attention is paid to the warm-ups accompanying webinars, which continues to be extremely relevant in the light of the modern transition to a mixed format of training in vocational education. The article is intended for teachers and students of higher and secondary professional educational organizations.

scholarly journals Nutritional intake and overall diet quality of female soccer players before the competition period

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel dos SANTOS ◽  
Jacqueline Queiroz da SILVEIRA ◽  
Thais Borges CESAR
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Professional Soccer

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the dietary intake and overall diet quality of female soccer players before the competitive games. Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study included 21 women aged 20.8±4.5 years from a professional soccer team. Their nutritional status and dietary adequacy during the training period, before competition season, were assessed. Dietary intake was assessed by three 24-hour recalls, one food frequency questionnaire, and the Healthy Eating Index, an overall diet quality index based on food group intake. Results: The athletes have shown proper nutritional status, but a diet deficient in energy due largely to low carbohydrate intake. On the other hand, the intakes of protein, fatty acids, and sodium were above the recommended intakes, even for athletes. Diet quality assessment by the Healthy Eating Index - 2010 resulted in a mean score of 54.6 points of a maximum of 100, indicating a need of improving the overall diet quality. Conclusion: The study found that the dietary patterns of female football players were both quantitatively and qualitatively inappropriate. A nutritional intervention is indicated to improve diet quality, with the inclusion of various foods, such as whole grains, fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and better protein quality, along with a reduction in saturated fats, sodium, and added sugar.

scholarly journals ISOKINETIC PROFILES AND REFERENCE VALUES OF PROFESSIONAL SOCCER PLAYERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 610-615
Author(s):  
Guillermo Charneco Salguero ◽  
Francisco García-Muro San José ◽  
Arturo Pérez Gosalvez ◽  
Jose Miguel Cárdenas Rebollo ◽  
Isabel Brígido Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Average Work ◽  
Torque Values

ABSTRACT Introduction: Isokinetics is a tool commonly used in professional soccer. There is ongoing debate among researchers as to the isokinetic reference values a player should have. Objectives: To determine the absolute peak torque (PT) and average work of professional soccer players in relation to their positions on the field, and to establish the reference values for these variables. Methods: Purposeful sampling was used to select 289 professional soccer players. The sample included 32 goalkeepers, 100 defenders, 98 midfielders, and 59 strikers. The participants were measured preseason. The players were asked to perform a 10-minute warm-up on an exercise bike, and then to perform 5 repetitions at low speed, 10 at medium speed, and 25 at high speed, with 30 to 40-s of rest between each set of repetitions. The contraction method was concentric-concentric in a dynamometer Isomed 2000. Results: The average age, weight, and height of the players was 21.9 years, 74.3 kilograms, and 1.8 meters, respectively. The goalkeepers presented higher PT at the 3 measured speeds, and the higher average work at 180°/s and 240°/s in relation to defenders and midfielders. The strikers presented higher average work at 240°/s in relation to midfielders, and higher PT in relation to the defenders and midfielders. Absolute values were shown and reference values were established. Conclusions: The goalkeepers and strikers were the players that showed the greatest differences in their favor in relation to the other positions. The peak torque values and average work were described in relation to the player's position on the field. This study resulted in the creation of a tool for health professionals working with professional soccer players, providing reference values for these players in relation to their position on the field that can be used as benchmarks, by health professionals, to optimize soccer players’ performance. Level of evidence II, Prospective comparative study.

scholarly journals Genética y fútbol: asociación de los polimorfismos genéticos ACTN3 y ACE-I/D en jugadores de fútbol: Revisión literaria (Genetic and soccer: association of ACTN3 and ACE-I/D genetic polymorphisms in soccer players: Literary review)

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Arroyo Moya
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Muscle Injuries ◽  
Physiological Level ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Genotypic Combination ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Hereditary Factors ◽  
And Performance

  Se ha comprobado y establecido que alrededor del 66% de los componentes del rendimiento y estado del atleta se explican por los factores hereditarios. Dos de los polimorfismos genéticos mas estudiados con relación al rendimiento deportivo en la ultima década, son el ACTN3 R577X y el ACE I/D. El objetivo de este estudio fue resumir las posibles asociaciones de ambos polimorfismos y el rendimiento en jugadores de fútbol, determinando la combinación alélica y genotípica que más destaca en esta población y, además, observar las relaciones de estos a nivel físico y fisiológico. Para la realización de este estudio se llevaron a cabo dos fases, una primera de revisión bibliográfica y una segunda fase de clasificación y análisis de la información. Los estudios evidencian una mayor influencia de los alelos ACE-D y ACTN-R, y de los genotipos ACE-ID y ACTN-RR. Se observó que los sujetos con estas combinaciones tenían mejores rendimientos es pruebas de velocidad y fuerza. Por otro lado, el polimorfismo ACTN3 está directamente relacionado con las lesiones musculares. En conclusión, se pudo observar una relación entre los polimorfismos genéticos y el rendimiento en jugadores de fútbol. Los componentes genéticos se pueden integrar como un nuevo componente dentro de la caracterización del deporte y como una herramienta dentro de un modelo de identificacción y detección de talentos en el fútbol juvenil. Además, los biomarcadores genéticos podrían ser responsables en un futuro, del estudio del riesgo de lesiones para que se optimice mucho más el rendimiento en el fútbol profesional. Abstract. It has been verified and established that around 66% of the components of the athlete's performance and state are explained by hereditary factors. Two of the most studied genetic polymorphisms in relation to sports performance in the last decade are ACTN3 R577X and ACE I/D. The aim of this study was to summarize the possible associations of both polymorphisms and the performance in soccer players, determining the allelic and genotypic combination that stands out the most in this population and, also, to observe their relationships at the physical and physiological level. In order to complete this study, two phases were carried out, the first one of literature review and, the second one which covered the information classification and analysis. The studies show a greater influence of the ACE-D and ACTN-R alleles, and higher presence of the ACE-ID and ACTN-RR genotypes. Subjects with these combinations were found to perform better on speed and strength tests. On the other hand, the ACTN3 polymorphism is directly related to muscle injuries. In conclusion, a relationship between genetic polymorphisms and performance in soccer players could be observed. Genetic components can be integrated as a new component within the characterization of sport and as a tool within a model of identification and detection of talents in youth soccer. In addition, genetic biomarkers could be responsible, in the future, for the study of the risk of injury so that performance in professional soccer is much more optimized.

Peak torque angle, acceleration time and time to peak torque as additional parameters extracted from isokinetic test in professional soccer players: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Daniel Germano Maciel ◽  
Glauko André Figueiredo Dantas ◽  
Mikhail Santos Cerqueira ◽  
Jean Artur Mendonça Barboza ◽  
Vinícius Vieira De Alencar Caldas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peak Torque ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acceleration Time ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Isokinetic Test ◽  
Torque Angle

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of Ankle Sprain Among Male Soccer Players in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Hamad S. Al Amer ◽  
Shahul Hameed Pakkir Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Ankle Sprain ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Warm Up

Background: Ankle sprains are common among soccer players, and their risk factors are well documented in the literature. In Saudi Arabia, some healthcare and sport-related characteristics provide the necessity for investigating the prevalence and risk factors of ankle sprain in that region as well. Objective: To analyze the prevalence of lower limb injuries and risk factors of ankle sprains among male soccer players in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study among 400 male soccer players from different sports clubs in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia was conducted. A self-structured questionnaire was used to collect data related to ankle sprains. Chi-square, Fisher’s exact tests, and unpaired t-tests were used to test the association between variables. Univariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors. Results: Ankle sprains were the most prevalent, reported by 63.8%. Previous ankle injury, lack of stretching, lack of warm-up, and not wearing bracing were identified as significant risk factors. A total of 47.9% of players preferred to go to the hospital for treatment, 15.8% selected physical therapy, while 56% had no prior education regarding injury prevention. Conclusion: Ankle sprain is the most prevalent lower limb injury. Risk factors include previous ankle injuries, lack of stretching, lack of warm-up, and not wearing bracing. Players have little knowledge of physical therapy measures and lack of injury prevention education. Our findings suggest that increasing the awareness of injuries and proper physical therapy measures might assist in preventing recurrence of ankle sprains among male soccer players.

scholarly journals Relative Training Load and Match Outcome: Are Professional Soccer Players Actually Undertrained during the In-Season?

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Toni Modric ◽  
Mario Jelicic ◽  
Damir Sekulic
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Distance Ratio ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Global Positioning

Previous studies examined training/match ratios (TMr) to determine the training load relative to the match load, but the influence of the relative training load (RTL) on success in soccer is still unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the possible influence of RTL on final match outcome in soccer (win, draw, and loss). Running performances (RP) of soccer players (n = 21) in the Croatian highest national soccer competition were analyzed during the season 2020–2021. Data were measured by the global positioning system in 14 official matches and 67 training sessions. RTL was assessed by TMr, which were calculated as the ratio of RP during training and match in the same week, evaluating the following measures: TDr (total distance ratio), LIDr (low-intensity distance ratio), RDr (running distance ratio), HIDr (high-intensity distance ratio), ACCr (total accelerations ratio), DECr (total decelerations ratio), HI-ACCr (high-intensity accelerations ratio), HI-DECr (high-intensity decelerations ratio). All TMr were examined separately for each training session within in-season microcycles (categorized as days before the match day, i.e., MD minus). Spearman correlations were used to identify association between match outcome and TMr. The results indicated negative associations between match outcome and TDr, LIDr, ACCr and DECr on MD-1 and MD-2). In contrast, positive associations were evidenced between match outcome, and HIDr on MD-3 and TDr, LIDr, ACCr and DECr on MD-5 (p < 0.05; all moderate correlations). These findings demonstrate that final match outcome in soccer was associated with greater RTL of (i) high-intensity running three days before the match, (ii) total and low-intensity running, accelerations and decelerations five days before the match, and (iii) lower RTL of total and low-intensity running, accelerations and decelerations one and two days before the match.

scholarly journals Inter-relationship between sleep quality, insomnia and sleep disorders in professional soccer players

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e000498
Author(s):  
Karim Khalladi ◽  
Abdulaziz Farooq ◽  
Sofiane Souissi ◽  
Christopher P Herrera ◽  
Karim Chamari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Poor Sleep Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Professional Soccer

ObjectiveInsufficient sleep duration and quality has negative effects on athletic performance, injury susceptibility and athlete development. This study aimed to assess the sleep characteristics of professional Qatar Stars League (QSL) soccer players.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study, QSL players (n=111; 23.7±4.8 years) completed three questionnaires to screen sleep disorders: (1) Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), (2) Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and (3) Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Poor sleep quality was defined as PSQI≥5, excessive daytime sleepiness was defined by ESS>8 and insomnia was defined as ISI≥11.ResultsThe prevalence of poor sleep quality (PSQI≥5) was 68.5%, with subthreshold insomnia (ISI≥11) 27.0% and daytime sleepiness 22.5% (ESS>8). Sleep quality was positively associated with insomnia (r=0.42, p<0.001) and daytime sleepiness (r=0.23, p=0.018). Age, anthropometry, body composition and ethnicity were not associated with any of the reported sleep quality parameters.ConclusionThe prevalence of poor sleep quality (68.5%) reported should concern practitioners. Increasing awareness of the importance of sleep relative to athletic performance, recovery, injury and illness appears prudent. Further, regular qualitative/quantitative sleep monitoring may help target subsequent evidence-informed interventions to improve sleep in those demonstrating undesirable sleep traits.

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