Identification of Expressed miRNAs in Human Rheumatoid Arthritis Using Computational Approach – Discovery of a New miR-7167 from Human

MicroRNA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Durai Raj Christian ◽  
Krishnaraj Thirugnanasambantham ◽  
Mohamed Ibrahim Hairul Islam ◽  
Mathan Kumar Sudalaimuthu ◽  
Sandhya Sundaram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Computational Approach ◽  
Homology Search ◽  
Human Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

Background: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease leading to bones and joints destruction. It is one of the major causes of lifetime disability and mortality among humans in the developing and developed countries. It was evident that epigenetic dysregulation is related to the pathogenesis of RA. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that are epigenetic regulators for diverse biological processes and also provided novel molecular insights in the formation of arthritis. Objective: The influences of miRNAs in the alteration of gene regulation during the pathogenesis of arthritis were exposed in recent years. Method: The computational approach to identify miRNA through EST-based homology is more powerful, economical and time-efficient. In this study, we applied EST-based homology search to identify miRNAs responsible for the development of arthritis in human beings. Results: Our study on 36519 ESTs in human RA condition revealed the expression of four miRNAs, HSA-miR-198, HSA-miR-4647, has-miR-7167-5p and has-miR-7167-3p. The present study is the first report about has-miR-7167 that was homologous to Macaca mulatta. Conclusion: The predicted targets of these identified miRNAs revealed many biological functions in the pathogenesis of RA. Further elaborated studies on these miRNAs will help to understand their function in the development of RA and the use of miRNAs as therapeutic targets in the future.

scholarly journals Insights Into Exosomal Non-Coding RNAs Sorting Mechanism and Clinical Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Qiu ◽  
Peiyao Li ◽  
Zuping Zhang ◽  
Minghua Wu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Signaling ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Phospholipid Vesicles ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Biological Phenotype ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Almost All

Exosomes are natural nanoscale bilayer phospholipid vesicles that can be secreted by almost all types of cells and are detected in almost all types of body fluids. Exosomes are effective mediators of cell–cell signaling communication because of their ability to carry and transfer a variety of bioactive molecules, including non-coding RNAs. Non-coding RNAs have also been found to exert strong effects on a variety of biological processes, including tumorigenesis. Many researchers have established that exosomes encapsulate bioactive non-coding RNAs that alter the biological phenotype of specific target cells in an autocrine or a paracrine manner. However, the mechanism by which the producer cells package non-coding RNAs into exosomes is not well understood. This review focuses on the current research on exosomal non-coding RNAs, including the biogenesis of exosomes, the possible mechanism of sorting non-coding RNAs, their biological functions, and their potential for clinical application in the future.

scholarly journals Insights into the Functions of LncRNAs in Drosophila

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keqin Li ◽  
Yuanliangzi Tian ◽  
Ya Yuan ◽  
Xiaolan Fan ◽  
Mingyao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs longer than 200 nucleotides (nt). LncRNAs have high spatiotemporal specificity, and secondary structures have been preserved throughout evolution. They have been implicated in a range of biological processes and diseases and are emerging as key regulators of gene expression at the epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional levels. Comparative analyses of lncRNA functions among multiple organisms have suggested that some of their mechanisms seem to be conserved. Transcriptome studies have found that some Drosophila lncRNAs have highly specific expression patterns in embryos, nerves, and gonads. In vivo studies of lncRNAs have revealed that dysregulated expression of lncRNAs in Drosophila may result in impaired embryo development, impaired neurological and gonadal functions, and poor stress resistance. In this review, we summarize the epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional mechanisms of lncRNAs and mainly focus on recent insights into the transcriptome studies and biological functions of lncRNAs in Drosophila.

scholarly journals Non-coding RNAs: New therapeutic targets and opportunities for hepatocellular carcinoma

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Yu Cuiyun ◽  
Qian Ning ◽  
Zhi-Ping Li ◽  
Wen Huang ◽  
Jia Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Diagnosis Therapy

<p align="left">Non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) are RNA molecules without protein coding functions owing to the lack of an open reading frame (ORF). Based on the length, ncRNAs can be divided into long and short ncRNAs; short ncRNAs include miRNAs and piRNAs. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most frequent forms of cancer worldwide and its incidence is increasing rapidly. Studies have found that ncRNAs are likely to play a crucial role in a variety of biological processes including the pathogenesis and progression of HCC. In this review, we summarized the regulation mechanism and biological functions of ncRNAs in HCC with respect to its application in HCC diagnosis, therapy and prognosis.</p>

scholarly journals Recent Trend of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Chiba Area, Japan: 3 of 5 Cases with Rheumatoid Arthritis

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuo Kanda ◽  
Shin Yasui ◽  
Masato Nakamura ◽  
Makoto Arai ◽  
Reina Sasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Autoimmune Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Recent Trend ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is an emerging health concern in developing and developed countries, such as Japan. Five cases have recently been diagnosed as hepatitis E. Of interest, 3 of them had rheumatoid arthritis (RA), although a previous study demonstrated a lack of association between HEV and RA. One of the other patients developed autoimmune hepatitis and was successfully treated with corticosteroids approximately 150 days after the diagnosis of hepatitis E. In RA patients with liver dysfunction, the presence of HEV infection should be evaluated immediately because these patients are often relatively old. Further investigation of the association between HEV and autoimmune hepatitis is needed.

scholarly journals Emerging Role of MicroRNA-200 Family in Dentistry

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Pei-Ling Hsieh ◽  
Chun-Chung Huang ◽  
Cheng-Chia Yu
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Therapeutic Application ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
Dental Diseases ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding RNAs ~22 nucleotides in length, which have been shown to participate in various biological processes. As one of the most researched miRNAs, the miR-200 family has been found to regulate several factors that are associated with the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells (CSCs) behavior. In this review, we briefly summarize the background of the miR-200 family and their implication in various dental diseases. We focus on the expression changes, biological functions, and clinical significance of the miR-200 family in oral cancer; periodontitis; oral potentially malignant disorder; gingival overgrowth; and other periodontal diseases. Additionally, we discuss the use of the miR-200 family as molecular biomarkers for diagnosis, prognostic, and therapeutic application.

Sustainable Economic Development and Environmental Performance of Developing and Developed Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 429
Author(s):  
Chee Leong TAN ◽  
Tze San ONG ◽  
Wei Ni SOH ◽  
Norhuda ABDUL RAHIM
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Environmental Performance Index ◽  
Sustainable Economic Development ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

At present, many economies are suffering from environmental problems that have significant effects on the climate and life of human beings, thus, the governments and institutions work to reduce the industrial negative effects on the environment.  Past studies focus on the nexus of sustainable economic development (SED) and environmental performance (EP) at the company or institution level. This study focused on the country level, and also further examined the outcome in developing and developed countries. This study examines the nexus between sustainable economic development and environmental performance of both developed and developing countries. The data of SED obtained from World Bank and Environmental Performance Index (EPI) for the period 2006-2016. This study also takes into consideration the control variable (CV) of primary school enrolment (SCH) and country population (POP), which may potentially influence the outcome of this study. For the analysis, the study employs panel regression model. The findings revealed that most of the proxies of SED have significant relationship with EPI.

scholarly journals Hsa_circ_0000673 is down-regulated in gastric cancer and inhibits the proliferation and invasion of tumor cells by targetting miR-532-5p

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Chang ◽  
Furong Wang ◽  
Yumin Li
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Mirna Sponge ◽  
New Class ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Proliferation And Invasion

Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a new class of endogenous non-coding RNAs, have recently been known to play critical roles in various cellular biological processes, including tumorigenesis, in which they act as an miRNA sponge that regulates gene expression. Thus, revealing the functions of circRNAs in carcinogenesis and cancer development has been of great interest. However, their expression and functions in gastric cancer (GC) development are still largely unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify novel deregulated circRNAs in GC and reveal their biological functions and molecular mechanisms in GC. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to measure the expression levels of circRNAs in GC tissues, cell lines, and plasma. The MTT assay, colony formation assay, transwell assay, and tumor xenografts in vivo were used to evaluate the effects of circRNAs on the proliferation and invasion of GC. The abovementioned methods coupled with Western blotting were used to investigate the molecular mechanisms. The current study showed that hsa_circ_0000673 was significantly down-regulated in GC. Overexpression of hsa_circ_0000673 inhibited the proliferation and invasion of GC cells. In contrast, hsa_circ_0000673 down-regulation promoted the proliferation and invasion of GC cells. Further studies revealed that hsa_circ_0000673 targetted miR-532-5p and up-regulated the expression of RUNX3. The present study showed that hsa_circ_0000673 was decreased in GC and it exerted tumor-suppressing effects by targetting miR-532-5p and up-regulating RUNX3 expression level. Hsa_circ_0000673 may be a promising diagnosis biomarker and therapeutic target in GC.

scholarly journals Ligands as Stabilizers of G-Quadruplexes in Non-Coding RNAs

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (20) ◽  
pp. 6164
Author(s):  
Joana Figueiredo ◽  
Tiago Santos ◽  
André Miranda ◽  
Daniela Alexandre ◽  
Bernardo Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Mirna Biogenesis ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Stem Loop ◽  
Rna Transcripts ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

The non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) are RNA transcripts with different sizes, structures and biological functions that do not encode functional proteins. RNA G-quadruplexes (rG4s) have been found in small and long ncRNAs. The existence of an equilibrium between rG4 and stem−loop structures in ncRNAs and its effect on biological processes remains unexplored. For example, deviation from the stem−loop leads to deregulated mature miRNA levels, demonstrating that miRNA biogenesis can be modulated by ions or small molecules. In light of this, we report several examples of rG4s in certain types of ncRNAs, and the implications of G4 stabilization using small molecules, also known as G4 ligands, in the regulation of gene expression, miRNA biogenesis, and miRNA−mRNA interactions. Until now, different G4 ligands scaffolds were synthesized for these targets. The regulatory role of the above-mentioned rG4s in ncRNAs can be used as novel therapeutic approaches for adjusting miRNA levels.

scholarly journals A Network Biology Approach to Understanding the Tissue-Specific Roles of Non-Coding RNAs in Arthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabana Amanda Ali ◽  
Chiara Pastrello ◽  
Navdeep Kaur ◽  
Mandy J. Peffers ◽  
Michelle J. Ormseth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Data Integration ◽  
Musculoskeletal Diseases ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Human Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Gene Target ◽  
Microrna Gene ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Discovery of non-coding RNAs continues to provide new insights into some of the key molecular drivers of musculoskeletal diseases. Among these, microRNAs have received widespread attention for their roles in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. With evidence to suggest that long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs function as competing endogenous RNAs to sponge microRNAs, the net effect on gene expression in specific disease contexts can be elusive. Studies to date have focused on elucidating individual long non-coding-microRNA-gene target axes and circular RNA-microRNA-gene target axes, with a paucity of data integrating experimentally validated effects of non-coding RNAs. To address this gap, we curated recent studies reporting non-coding RNA axes in chondrocytes from human osteoarthritis and in fibroblast-like synoviocytes from human rheumatoid arthritis. Using an integrative computational biology approach, we then combined the findings into cell- and disease-specific networks for in-depth interpretation. We highlight some challenges to data integration, including non-existent naming conventions and out-of-date databases for non-coding RNAs, and some successes exemplified by the International Molecular Exchange Consortium for protein interactions. In this perspective article, we suggest that data integration is a useful in silico approach for creating non-coding RNA networks in arthritis and prioritizing interactions for further in vitro and in vivo experimentation in translational research.

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